Textiles which are used in medical fields like sutures, vascular grafts, biomedical clothes. A biomaterial is defined as a systematic, pharmacologically inert substance designed for implantation or incorporation within the human body and used in contact with tissue, blood, cells, etc. <a href="https://www.textilemates.com/technical-textile-classification-applications">textilemates</a>

1. Kaushal Shah
Rahul Prasad
D.K.T.E College
Kaushalshah196@gmail.com
BIOMEDICAL
TEXTILES
TEXTILEMATES

2. A biomaterial is
defined as a
systematic,
pharmacologically
inert substance
designed for
implantation or
incorporation
within the human
body and used in
contact with
tissue, blood,
cells, etc.
WHAT ARE BIOMEDICAL TEXTILES ?

3. Natural polymer
(biodegradable)
• Biological protein:
Collagen,Catgut,Branan.
• Chitin & Chitosan
• Hyaluronan
• PLA
• Polyproplolactone
• Polyglycolic acid
• Polydioxanone(PDO)
• Spider silk
• Nanofibers
• Alginate
Synthetic
polymer(Non
biodegradable)
• PET
• Polyamide
• Polypropylene
• Polyethylene
• Polytetrafluoroethlyene
(PTFE)
• Carbon
• Glass
• Kevlar
• Lycra
• PVA, PCL
• Polyurethane urea(PUUR)
Natural origin
• Cotton
• Silk
• Bamboo fibre
• Viscose, lyocell
FIBRES FOR BIOMEDICAL TEXTILES

4. SENARIO OF INDIAN MEDICAL TEXTILES
35% diapers
& sanitary
wear
30% surgical
dressings
20% sutures
15%
Orthopedic
implants
• Share of medical textiles is 6-8% in
the market.
Actual
market size
• Rs 1152crore
Assumed
growth
rate/annum
• 20%
Predicted(20
14-15)
• Rs 5945 crore

5. NONIMPLANTABLES
• Drapes
• Pillows
• Wash cloths
• Surgical
dressings
• Gauze
• Elastic stockings
• Gowns
• Caps
• Surgical masks
• Shoe covers
• Sterile wraps
EXTRACORPOREAL
• Fabric
reinforcement
s
• Hollow fibres
for dialysers
and
oxygenators
IMPLANTABLES
• Sutures
• Fabrics for heart valves
• Patches for heart repair
• Surgical reinforcements
meshes
• Vascular grafts
• Fiber reinforcement: bone
plates & ligaments
• Restraining loops for
intraocular lenses.
TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL TEXTILES

6. Porosity
Non
toxicity
Non
allergenic
Biodegra
dable
Biostabili
ty
Ability to
sterilize
Mechanical
properties
REQUIREMENTS FOR AN IMPLANT
strength
durability
elasticity

7. Economical manufacturing
process
Better performance
Custom made for the
operation theatre
Breathability
Excellent uniformity
Excellent water retaining
capacity
NON WOVENS FOR MEDICAL TEXTILES

8. • Sutures
• Vascular grafts
• Heart valves
• Hernia mesh
• Tissue implants
• Nerve guidance channel
• Corneal lenses
• Artificial skin
• Artificial joints
• Heart patch
• Biomedical smart clothes
APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL TEXTILES

9. SUTURES
Sutures are either monofilament or
multifilament with a smooth surface that can
pass through the skin without being caught and
can be tightened into a single knot.
Classification—
• Absorbable e.g. Polyglycolic acid (PGA)
• Non absorbable e.g. Nylon, PP, PTFE, shape
memory polymer.

10. Sutures needles
Sutures with different types
of knots
e.g. of sutures

11. VASCULAR GRAFTS
Vascular grafts is an artificial
vein or artery used to replace
segments of the natural
cardiovascular system that
are blocked or weakened.
Types –
Its requirements--
• Polyester grafts
• Dacron grafts
• Polytetrafluoroethlyene
grafts
• Biocompatibility
• Flexibility
• Durability
• Stability to sterilization
• Resistance to
bacteria/viruses
• Non fraying properties

12. EXAMPLES OF VASCULAR GRAFTS

13. HEART VALVES
• Used for younger patients
• Needs periodical check ups
• Total market constitute of 90%Mechanical valves
• Used for aged patients
• No need for regular check ups
• Total market constitute of 10%Tissue valves
-- Helps In Treating Of Valvular Diseases.
Types-
•Mechanical valves
•Tissue valves

14. VALVULAR DISEASE
E.G. OF ARTIFICIAL HEART
VALVES

15. HERNIA MESH
Occurs due to the strain on the abdominal walls which
have been weakened by age or congenial factors.
• Fibers—
1. Polyester
2. Polypropylene
3. Carbon
4. PTFE
• Requirements of fibers—
1. Resistant to infection
2. Anti allergenic
3. Non absorbable
• Manufacture—
Woven and knitted into a mesh with each side designed with
its specific porosity & texture to get long term function.

16. FIBERS FOR HERNIA MESH
•PET
•PP
•CARBON
•PTFE
VIEW OF THE MESH AFTER IMPLANTATION

17. TISSUE IMPLANTS
HARD TISSUE IMPLANT
● Properties—
1. Excellent mechanical properties
2. Good process ability
3. Chemical stability
4. Bio compatibility
● Application—
1. Artificial bone
2. Bone cement
3. Artificial joints
● E.g.—
Nonwoven fibrous mat made of
graphite and Teflon for
promotion of tissue growth.
SOFT TISSUE IMPLANT
● Properties—
1. Chemical structure
2. Hydrophilicity
3. Roughness of surface
4. Flexibility
5. Micro heterogen
● Application—
1. Artificial skin patches
2. Artificial cornea
● Fibres used—
1. Chitin & Chitosan
2. Hydro gels
3. Silicone rubber
● E.g.—Silicone rubber is a cross linked
polymer of polydimethyl siloxane which is
used for artificial ears, nose, etc.

18. Artificial cornea
Bone cement
Artificial skin

19. NERVE GUIDANCE CHANNEL
• They are used to bridge the
damaged nerve endings &
facilitate the passage of
molecules secreted by the
nerve & bar fibrous tissue
from infiltrating the area
thus preventing repair.
• Nerve guidance channel may
be single continuous hollow
tube or hollow tube comprised
of fibers.
• E.g.—
Use of electricity conducting
polymers like polypyrole to
promote nerve regeneration
by allowing a locally applied
electrical stimulus.

20. CORNEAL LENSES • Types–
• Soft corneal lenses
• Hard corneal lenses
• Flexible corneal lenses
• Soft corneal lenses – Natural
& synthetic hydro gels with
high oxygen permeability.
• Hard corneal lenses – They are
made of poly methyl
methacrylate & cellulose
butyrate.
• Flexible corneal lenses – They
are made of silicon rubber

21. ARTIFICIAL SKIN & JOINTS
ARTIFICIAL SKIN ARTIFICIAL JOINTS

22. HEART PATCH
Ventricle &
arterial septal
defects are
most common
congenial heart
defects.
Occurs when
the opening in
the left & right
atria doesn’t
close normally
during birth.
By placing the patch
between the atria, it
expands on each
side of the hole. The
tissue grows on the
fabric & it
eventually becomes
a permanent part of
the heart.

24. BIOMEDICAL SMART CLOTHES
THEY ACT AS A HUMAN INTERFACE
● Smart clothes with sensors close to the skin. These sensors are
enclosed in the layers of the fabric, or at the surface, or they
are the fabric itself.
● Advantages—
1. Avoid the need for placing the sensors by a nurse or a
physician which are put are at the right place.
2. User friendly
3. Not visible
4. Particularly suitable for monitoring chronic diseases,
handicapped persons, elderly people, & professional and
military activities.

25. CONCLUSION
BIOMEDICAL TEXTILES
APPLICATION ARE
DIRECTLY RELATED TO
OF HUMAN LIFE,
WHICH LED TO
INNOVATIVE USE OF
FIBRES & TECHNOLOGY
FOR EVERLASTING
RESULTS.
MULTIDISCIPLINA
RY KNOWLEDGE IN
THE TEXTILE
FIELD HELPS TO
DEVELOP
INNOVATIVE
BIOMEDICAL
TEXTILES.
BIOMEDICAL
TEXTILES