Extra Corporal Devices

2. extracorporeal Devices
M Asif Raza
10-NTU-6010
Department of Textiles
National Textile University Faisalabad

3. Medical Textiles
• Medical textiles are textile products and
constructions for medical applications.
• They are used for first aid, clinical or
hygienic purposes and rehabilitation.

4. Market Share
• Share of technical textiles is 23.8mn tones
with a value of $126bn by 2010.
• Share of Medical textiles is 2.4mn tons
with a value of US$8.2bn by 2010.

5. Categories of Medical Textiles
• Protective and Healthcare Textiles -
Surgical Wear, Operation Dresses, Staff Uniforms, etc.
• External Devices -
Wound Dressings, Bandages, Pressures Gauze, Prosthetic
Aids, etc.
• Implantable Materials -
Sutures, Vascular Grafts and Artificial Limbs are the products
where textiles are used.
• Hygiene Products -
Incontinence pads, Nappies, Tampons, Sanitary Towels, etc.
• Extracorporeal Devices -
Artificial Liver, Artificial Kidneys, and Artificial Lung are the
recent advances in Medical Textiles.

6. Extracorporeal Devices
• It is a man-made device that is implanted or
integrated into a human to replace a natural organ,
for the purpose of restoring a specific function or a
group of related functions so the patient may return
to as normal a life as possible.
• These include Artificial Kidney, Liver and Lungs.

8. Artificial Liver
• The liver is a remarkable organ; like the skin.
• it can regenerate after severe trauma. In fact, a patient can recover
with only 20% of his or her liver still functional. As the liver grows
back.
• However, there is a point of ‘no return’ after which the liver cannot
regenerate, and there are underlying disease conditions that, in
some cases, make a transplant the only alternative.

9. Liver Functions
• Unlike the heart, lung or kidney, which have one
primary function, the liver has multiple functions
essential to maintain life including carbohydrate
metabolism, synthesis of proteins, amino acid
metabolism, urea synthesis, lipid metabolism,
drug biotransformation and waste removal.
• Therefore the preferred artificial liver support
system would perform these various liver
functions.

10. Artificial Liver
• Earlier, artificial support systems were not
widely used in cases of liver failure,
primarily because hepatic toxins are
albumin-bound unlike for the most part
uremic pollutant and hence cannot be
removed by usual dialysis process.

11. Fiber Used & Function
• Hollow polypropylene fiber, hollow silicone
membrane
• Separate and dispose of patients’ plasma
and supply fresh plasma

12. Artificial Kidney
• The kidneys serve as filtering devices of the
blood. The nephrons, the working units of the
kidney, filter waste materials out of the blood
and produce urine to secrete toxins from body.
The kidneys also maintain normal
concentrations of body fluids, which play a key
role in homeostasis.
• Kidney failure - affects 200 000 patients
worldwide

13. Function
• The function of the artificial kidney is
achieved by circulating the blood through
a membrane, which may be either a flat
sheet or a bundle of hollow regenerated
cellulose fibers in the form of cellophane
that retain the unwanted waste materials.
• Blood purification is an effective therapy
for incurables such as end-stage renal
failure.

14. Principle of Blood Purification
• Principles of blood purification therapies are
dialysis, filtration and adsorption. Separation
membranes and adsorbents are used in blood
purification devices.

15. Working
• High efficient hollow fibers have replaced
coil or laminate in dialyser devices. The
cross-section of a hollow fiber-type dialyser
is shown in Figure, which consists of 4,000
to 20,000 hollow filaments having an
external diameter of 200 to 300 micrometer.
Blood flows inside of the fibres and the
dialysate flows outside of the fibres. Almost
the same materials are used for
hemofiltration. The term 'Artificial kidney' is
often applied to the whole system including
the pumps and control circuitry for the
dialysate mixing and delivery, and for the
blood preparation and monitoring, pumping,
deaerating and return to the body.

16. The End