nutrition - ( digestion of ruminant and rodent ) form 4 biology..

2. GROUP MEMBER
NURUL IZZAH
AMANJOT KA
NURINA ADLINA

3. Ruminant animals use a special four-
chambered stomach with a unique microbial
flora to digest tough cellulose found in the
plants in their diets. Most vertebrates cannot
make cellulase, the enzyme that breaks
down cellulose, but microbes in the rumen
produce it for them.
Ruminants chew and ingest plant matter and
then swallow it. The plant matter is
separated into liquids and solids in the
rumen, and liquids drain into the reticulum.
Solids in the rumen are then regurgitated
into the mouth to be chewed and further
broken down.
Liquids pass from the reticulum into the
omasum, where sugars, fatty acids, and other
nutrients are absorbed into the blood
stream.
After the omasum, food passes into the
abomasum, which is much like the stomach
in non-ruminant (monogastric) animals, and
from there moves into the small intestine,
where it is digested.
RUMINANT

4. ABOMASUM
• The fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. It
secretes rennin - the artificial form of which is called rennet, and
is used in cheese creation.
RUMEN
• The first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals. It
serves as the primary site for microbial fermentation of ingested
feed.
OMASUM
• The third compartment of the stomach in ruminants. Though its
functions have not been well-studied, it appears to primarily aid
in the absorption of water, magnesium, and the volatile fatty
acids produced.

6. Ruminants are mammals that digest plant based food by
processing it in a series of chambers in their stomachs. There
are about 150 species of ruminants, including both domestic
and wild species. Ruminating mammals include cattle, goats,
sheep, giraffes, bison, moose, elk, yaks, water buffalo, deer,
camels, alpacas, llamas, and antelope.
Ruminants differ from non-ruminants (called monogastrics)
because they have a four-chambered stomach. The four
compartments are called the rumen, the reticulum, the
omasum, and the abomasum. The rumen and the reticulum
are connected and work in concert and are therefore
sometimes called the "reticulorumen" .

8. Flow of food in ruminant
mouth
oesophagus
rumen mouth
omasum
reticulum
abomasum
regurgitationfermentation
curd
swallow
swallow
- H2O
chyme

9. Digestive System of Rodents
• Their caecum and appendix are
enlarged to store the cellulase
producing bacteria
• Food pass the alimentary canal
twice
- first as food
- then as soft faeces
Soft and watery faeces usually
produced at night
Eaten again
Pass out as hard and dry faeces during
the day

14. Rat’s caecum

15. Flow of food in rodents
mouth
oesophagus
stomach caecum
anus
Small
intestine
swallow
Re-eat the faeces to absorb more nutrient
Digest
cellulose

16. Eaten again? Why??