Physiological theories of crime argue that criminal behavior is innate and biologically determined. Early theories included demonology which attributed crime to demonic possession, and phrenology which claimed that certain skull and facial features identified "born criminals." Later studies examined body types, with some finding convicts were more likely to be mesomorphs. Adoption studies found that adoptees with criminal biological parents were more likely to have criminal records themselves, though this was mitigated by improved social conditions. Modern biological theories examine biochemical, neurophysiological, and genetic factors but are limited as most deviant acts are committed by physically normal individuals, and biological factors do not fully explain variations in crime rates between societies.
The school was headed by medical Criminologist Cesare Lombroso, who argued that criminality was a biological trait found in some human beings. The termLombroso used to describe the appearance of organisms resembling ancestral forms of life is atavism...
This lecture slide concerns the accuracy report of eye witness testimony. How accurate are eye-witness testimonials? And how can we interview witness so that their reports can be more accurate? It identifies the 'Cognitive Interview Model' which is a interview approach for increasing accuracy of reports while minimizes false information. One of the main mistake of interviewers are asking misleading questions. For instance, 'did you see the gun?' as opposed to 'did you see 'a' gun?' First part was misleading because it implies that a gun was witnessed when in fact there may not have been a gun present.
Add your comments and questions below.
The school was headed by medical Criminologist Cesare Lombroso, who argued that criminality was a biological trait found in some human beings. The termLombroso used to describe the appearance of organisms resembling ancestral forms of life is atavism...
This lecture slide concerns the accuracy report of eye witness testimony. How accurate are eye-witness testimonials? And how can we interview witness so that their reports can be more accurate? It identifies the 'Cognitive Interview Model' which is a interview approach for increasing accuracy of reports while minimizes false information. One of the main mistake of interviewers are asking misleading questions. For instance, 'did you see the gun?' as opposed to 'did you see 'a' gun?' First part was misleading because it implies that a gun was witnessed when in fact there may not have been a gun present.
Add your comments and questions below.
Definition of forensic Psychology
History of forensic Psychology
Forensic Psychology in court
Subfields of forensic Psychology
Difference in the function of forensic and clinical psychology
Difference in forensic and clinical assessment
Roles of forensic Psychology
Ethical considerations
Booklet that I made for criminological theories revision, using resources from the internet. These theories include:
* Classical Theory
* Functionalist Crime Theories (includes Durkheim and Merton)
* Marxist Theory
* Right realism
* Left realism
* Labelling (Interactionism)
* Individualistic theories (learning theories, psychological theories and psychodynamic theories)
* Eysenck's theory
* Family crime theories
* Neurophysiological (brain damage)
* Neurochemical
* Kohlberg's moral development
* Behaviourist theory
A forensic psychologist plays a valuable role in the criminal justice system, even more so at a crime scene. Though not dealing directly with bodies or physical evidence, a forensic psychology practitioner tries to identify a perpetrator using psychological principles and tools.
Forensic psychology is closely aligned within the criminal justice system, and is used as a resource to evaluate the competency of an accused or convicted individual.
Classical Theory: One of the earliest approaches to explaining the causes of crime was classical theory. A product of the Enlightenment, based on the assumption that people exercise free will and are thus completely responsible for their actions. In classical theory, human behavior, including criminal behavior, is motivated by a hedonistic rationality, in which actors weigh the potential pleasure of an action against the possible pain associated with it.
Neo-Classical: A modification of classical theory in which it was conceded that certain factors, such as insanity, might inhibit the exercise of free will. Premeditation as a measure of the degree of free will.
Mitigating circumstances as legitimate grounds for diminished responsibility.
Definition of forensic Psychology
History of forensic Psychology
Forensic Psychology in court
Subfields of forensic Psychology
Difference in the function of forensic and clinical psychology
Difference in forensic and clinical assessment
Roles of forensic Psychology
Ethical considerations
Booklet that I made for criminological theories revision, using resources from the internet. These theories include:
* Classical Theory
* Functionalist Crime Theories (includes Durkheim and Merton)
* Marxist Theory
* Right realism
* Left realism
* Labelling (Interactionism)
* Individualistic theories (learning theories, psychological theories and psychodynamic theories)
* Eysenck's theory
* Family crime theories
* Neurophysiological (brain damage)
* Neurochemical
* Kohlberg's moral development
* Behaviourist theory
A forensic psychologist plays a valuable role in the criminal justice system, even more so at a crime scene. Though not dealing directly with bodies or physical evidence, a forensic psychology practitioner tries to identify a perpetrator using psychological principles and tools.
Forensic psychology is closely aligned within the criminal justice system, and is used as a resource to evaluate the competency of an accused or convicted individual.
Classical Theory: One of the earliest approaches to explaining the causes of crime was classical theory. A product of the Enlightenment, based on the assumption that people exercise free will and are thus completely responsible for their actions. In classical theory, human behavior, including criminal behavior, is motivated by a hedonistic rationality, in which actors weigh the potential pleasure of an action against the possible pain associated with it.
Neo-Classical: A modification of classical theory in which it was conceded that certain factors, such as insanity, might inhibit the exercise of free will. Premeditation as a measure of the degree of free will.
Mitigating circumstances as legitimate grounds for diminished responsibility.
Studying more about criminal behavior and also about how criminal activities affect people in the society. Criminology theorist Lombroso also explains how criminal genes are shared withini the family which means if there is a criminal in a family that means next generation can also be criminals.
Corresponding slides to CSLS Socio-Legal Seminar Series for students as Nicholas deB Katzenbach Fellow, New Directions in Socio-Legal Studies, University of Oxford.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
4. Cesere Lombroso (1835–1909)
Lombroso (1876) argued that the
criminal is a separate species, a
species that is between modern
and primitive humans. He argued
that the physical shape of the
head and face determined the
"born criminal".
Compared Italian prisoners to
soldiers.
5. Large jaw
High cheekbones
Flattened or upturned
nose
Handle-shaped ears
Large chin
Hawk-like noses or fleshy
lips
Hard shifty eyes
Scanty beard or baldness
Insensitivity to pain, long
arms.
6.
7. William Sheldon
Sheldon believed that people could be classified
into 3 body shapes, which correspond with 3
different personality types.
1. endomorphic (fat and soft) tend to be
sociable and relaxed.
2. ectomorphic (thin and fragile) are introverted
and restrained
3. mesomorphic (muscular and hard) tend to be
aggressive and adventurous.
8. Sheldon, using a correlational study,
found that many convicts were
mesomorphic, and they were least likely
to be ectomorphic (Sheldon et al 1949).
9. Adoption Studies
Mednick et al (1987) - court convictions,
found 14,000 adoptees amongst them.
Criminal records of biological and adoptive
parents were then investigated.
Many adoptees had criminal biological
parents (strong relationship for sons and
fathers).
Where there was an improvement in social
conditions there was a reduction in crime
(going against the genetic explanation).
Do criminals inherit bad genes?
12. What are the merits of these
theories?
May explain the relationship between
gender and crime.
Lack of Free Will?
‘Sick’ behaviour rather than ‘bad’.
Most actions defined as deviant are carried
out by people who are physically normal.
Biological approach doesn’t explain why
crime is more likely to occur in western,
urban areas.
