1. The document discusses the definition and history of biology, including its origins from ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle and developments by medieval Islamic scholars like Al-Jahiz.
2. It covers the main branches of biology like physiology, microbiology, zoology, and botany. It also lists the key characteristics of living things such as respiration, movement, nutrition, growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
3. Examples are provided to illustrate biological concepts like the different respiratory structures in animals and gas exchange in plants. The roles of organic compounds like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in living things are also mentioned.
CBSE Class 11 Biology Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
If you look around you will see a large variety of living organisms, be itpotted plants, insects, birds, your pets or other animals and plants. Thereare also several organisms that you cannot see with your naked eye butthey are all around you.
CBSE Class 11 PCB Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 and 12 PCM Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 Physics Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 PCB Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 and 12 PCB Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 Biology Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
If you look around you will see a large variety of living organisms, be itpotted plants, insects, birds, your pets or other animals and plants. Thereare also several organisms that you cannot see with your naked eye butthey are all around you.
CBSE Class 11 PCB Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 and 12 PCM Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 Physics Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 PCB Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
CBSE Class 11 and 12 PCB Sample ebook, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
This presentation deals with definition of the subject as well as its branches and future prospects....
FOR FURTHER DETAILS YOU CAN WATCH THE RELATED VIDEO AT THE GIVEN LINK
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxo06Nj-QWo_7SNvMyDnJCQ?view_as=subscriber
This presentation deals with definition of the subject as well as its branches and future prospects....
FOR FURTHER DETAILS YOU CAN WATCH THE RELATED VIDEO AT THE GIVEN LINK
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxo06Nj-QWo_7SNvMyDnJCQ?view_as=subscriber
Data structure and algorithm with java implementation by obaid kakarObaid Kakar
Array linked list Bubble sort insertion sort selection sort merge sort quick sort graph and tree stack and queue algorithm with java implementation
by obaid kakar University Of Balochistan
Preventing Problems before They Happen with Customized Language Packs (2012)Scott Dinho
Presentation made at Blackboard World 2012 conference. This brief presentation shows how the internal text and instructions within Blackboard can be modified to provide just in time instruction and helpful info to students and instructions that should cut down on calls to the help desk.
Tumo - From Startup to Business by Haig Kayserianhaigkayserian
KAYWEB Angels CEO, Haig Kayserian delivered a talk at Tumo Center for Creative Technologies in Yerevan, Armenia.
It was titled: From Startup to Business
DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD - (CLASS XI, CBSE BIOLOGY)BIOLOGY TEACHER
Biology is the science of life forms and living processes. The living world comprises an amazing diversity of living organisms. Early man could easily perceive the difference between inanimate matter and living organisms. Early man deified some of the inanimate matter (wind, sea, fire etc.) and some among the animals and plants. A common feature of all such forms of inanimate and animate objects was the sense of awe or fear that they evoked. The description of living organisms including human beings began much later in human history.
Simply put, the living world can be described as the world around us. It comprises all living creatures, plants and microorganisms that we cannot see. It has changed over the course of billions of years but the general composition has remained the same. The main components are still organic and inorganic matter. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera. Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
1. BIOLOGI DASAR
D III KEPERAWATAN
SEMESTER 1 TK I
12 NOPEMBER 2014
2. PENGERTIAN BIOLOGI
BAHASA: BIOS DAN LOGOS
MAKNA: ILMU YANG MEMPELAJARI TENTANG
MAKHLUK HIDUP
ILMU HAYAT : ILMU YANG MEMPELAJARI
KEHIDUPAN
MAKHLUK?
APA BEDA KEHIDUPAN DAN MAKHLUK HIDUP?
4. SEJARAH BIOLOGI
1. ARESTOTELES
Aristoteles, adalah seorang filsuf Yunani, murid dari Plato dan guru dari Alexander yang Agung. Ia menulis
tentang berbagai subyek yang berbeda, termasuk fisika, metafisika, puisi, logika, retorika, politik,
pemerintahan, etnis, biologi dan zoologi. Lahir: 384 SM, Chalkidiki, Yunani
Meninggal: 322 SM, Khalkis, Yunani Pendidikan: Akademi Platonik (367 SM–347 SM)
2. ILMUAN MUSLIM
Ahli biologi Muslim yang pertama kali mengembangkan sebuah teori evolusi adalah Al-Jahiz (781 M – 869 M).
Nama aslinya Abu Amr Usman bin Bahr al-Kinani al-Fuqaimi al-Bashri, lebih dikenal dengan nama Al Jahiz (
الجاحظ(, adalah seorang ilmuwan terkenal keturunan Arab Negro dari Timur Afrika, dilahirkan di Basra pada 781
M - 868 M. Al Jahiz dikenal sebagai penulis untuk : Prosa Arab, Sastra Arab, Biologi, Zoologi, Sejarah, Filsafat
Islam awal, Psikologi Islam, Teologi (ajaran) Mu'tazilah dan Polemik dalam politik-agama.
Kesimpulan dari teori Al Jahiz tentang perjuangan untuk eksistensi dalam Kitab Al Hayawan telah diringkas
sebagai berikut:
"Hewan harus berjuang untuk eksistensinya (jenisnya), untuk sumber daya yang tersisa, untuk menghindari
dimakan dan untuk berkembang biak. Faktor lingkungan turut mempengaruhi suatu organisme untuk
mengembangkan karakteristik baru untuk memastikan kelangsungan hidup jenisnya akan berubah menjadi
spesiaes yang baru. Hewan yang bertahan akan berkembang biak dan mewariskan karakteristik (hasil
perjuangan) mereka kepada keturunan. " (Gary Dargan, Intelligent Design, Encounter, ABC)
5. 3. BIOLOGI MODERN
Istilah biologi dalam pengertian modern kelihatannya diperkenalkan secara terpisah oleh
Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur, 1802) dan Jean-
Baptiste Lamarck (Hydrogéologie, 1802). Namun, istilah biologi sebenarnya telah dipakai pada
1800 oleh Karl Friedrich Burdach. Bahkan, sebelumnya, istilah itu juga telah muncul dalam judul
buku Michael Christoph Hanov jilid ke-3 yang terbit pada 1766, yaitu Philosophiae Naturalis Sive
Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generalis et Dendrologia.
6. CIRI-CIRI MAKHLUK HIDUP
(makhluk hidup) harus memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:
Memiliki Susunan Tubuh yang Spesifik
Bernapas (Respirasi)
Bergerak
Memerlukan Makanan (Nutrisi)
Tumbuh dan Berkembang
Berkembang Biak (Reproduksi)
Peka Terhadap Rangsangan (Iritabilitas)
Pembongkaran dan Penyusunan Zat dalam Tubuh (Metabolisme)
Mengeluarkan Zat-Zat Sisa (Ekskresi)
Pengaturan Keseimbangan Tubuh (Regulasi)
Penyesuaian Diri Terhadap Lingkungan (Adaptasi)
Pengangkutan Zat dalam Tubuh (Transportasi)
Mempunyai Alat Pewarisan Sifat (Gen)
Mengalami Perubahan Tubuh Seiring Perubahan Kondisi, Waktu, dan Tempat (Evolusi)
7. Memiliki Susunan Tubuh yang Spesifik
Artinya setiap makhluk hidup memiliki struktur tubuh yang jelas, kompleks, dan berbeda-beda antara
yang satu dengan yang lain, tidak ada yang sama persis.
Contoh:
Setiap manusia tidak ada yang sama dari segi apapun. Sekalipun anak kembar yang dari segi muka dan
sifat sama persis bagaikan pinang dibelah dua, pasti tetap ada perbedaan. Mudahnya, sidik jari setiap
manusia berbeda-beda.
Manusia memiliki kepala, badan, kaki, tangan, dan bagian-bagian lain secara kompleks dan lengkap.
Dll.
Bernapas (Respirasi)
Artinya proses pengambilan gas dari luar tubuh untuk proses pembakaran bahan makanan di dalam
tubuh. Gas yang diperlukan oleh makhluk hidup adalah oksigen. Proses pembakaran bahan makanan
dalam tubuh menghasilkan energi atau tenaga untuk kegiatan atau aktivitas tubuh. Selain itu,
pernapasan juga menghasilkan zat sisa berupa gas karbon dioksida dan uap air. Zat sisa ini dikeluarkan
dari tubuh makhluk hidup ke lingkungannya.
Contoh:
Mamalia termasuk manusia bernafas dengan paru-paru, burung bernafas dengan paru-paru dan
pundi-pundi udara (cadangan udara), ikan bernafas dengan insang, reptil bernafas dengan paru-paru,
amphibi bernafas dengan kulit dan paru-paru, dll.
Tumbuhan bernafas dengan stomata (mulut daun) dan lentisel (pori-pori pada kulit batang).
Dll.
8. Bergerak
Artinya makhluk hidup melakukan sebuah gerakan. Gerakan tersebut
terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu gerakan berpindah tempat dan gerakan
tidak berpindah tempat.
Gerakan berpindah tempat artinya berpindah tempat dari tempat
yang satu ke tempat yang lainnya, dengan menggunakan alat gerak.
Contoh: manusia bergerak dengan kaki dan tangan, burung bergerak
dengan sayap, harimau berlari dengan tungkai, ikan berenang dengan
sirip, dll.
Gerakan tidak berpindah tempat artinya tidak berpindah tempat,
hanya bergerak tetapi tetap di tempat. Contoh: sapi mengusir lalat
dengan mengibaskan ekor, gerakan tumbuhan. Tumbuhan bergerak
sangat lambat dan kita tidak bisa melihatnya. Gerakan tumbuhan
contohnya tumbuh ke atas, akar menembus tanah, batang
mencondong ke arah matahari, kelopak bunga mekar, pengatupan
daun, dll.
9. Memerlukan Makanan
Artinya makhluk hidup memerlukan zat makanan untuk menghasilkan energi, pertumbuhan,
perkembangan, dan mengganti sel-sel tubuh yang rusak. Contoh:
Manusia makan nasi, harimau menerkam rusa untuk dimakan, lebah menghisap nektar di bunga, dll.
Tumbuhan memerlukan makanan dari proses fotosintesis.
Tumbuh dan Berkembang
Pertumbuhan artinya proses pertambahan massa, volume, ukuran, dan jumlah sel pada tubuh.
Contoh:
Bayi tumbuh menjadi anak kecil, anak kecil tumbuh menjadi remaja, remaja tumbuh menjadi dewasa,
dewasa tumbuh menjadi tua.
Biji tumbuhan berkecambah, tumbuh menjadi tanaman muda, lalu menjadi tumbuhan dewasa.
Perkembangan artinya proses menuju pendewasaan dari segi sikap dan perilaku.
Contoh:
Pendewasaan sikap yang dimulai saat remaja. Remaja sudah berpikiran lebih dewasa dan tidak
berpikiran seperti anak-anak lagi.
Faktor pertumbuhan dan perkembangan:
Faktor Internal (dalam tubuh) berupa genetik dan hormon.
Faktor Eksternal (luar tubuh, lingkungan) berupa cahaya, nutrisi, air, suhu, dll.
10. KIMIA KEHIDUPAN
1. ANORGANIK: ATOM, UNSUR, SENYAWA
CONTOH: C, O2, CO2
2. ORGANIK: KARBOHIDRAT, LEMAK, PROTEIN
CONTOH: GLIKOGEN, TRIGLISERIDA, ENZIM