Biofilms
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Biofilms are collections of microorganisms like bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa that form on hard surfaces using mechanisms like flagella, hydrophobic cell walls, and sticky polymers. Over 90% of bacteria live in biofilms, which can be useful for water purification but also cause problems by clogging pipes and surfaces. Biofilms encourage altruism as bacteria will sacrifice their own growth for the good of the community.
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biofilm.pptx
biofilm formation in food industry
its problems
its control
Biofilm :
The product of microbial developmental process .
Biofilm is a slime layer microorganisms.
Containing a community of bacteria and other organisms.
Organisms involved in biofilm formation :
Both gram + and gram – bacteria can form biofilms .
The most common forms are enterococcus faecalis , staphylococcus aureus , staphylococcus epidermidis , streptococcus viridans , e coli , klabsiella pneumonia , pseudomonas aeroginosa .
Fungi candida albicans .
Properties :
Biofilms are complex dynamic structure .
Exposed to an aqueous solution.
Found on solid surfaces .
Habitat :
Found on virtually every non_ shedding surface .
On non _ sterile aqueous or humid environment .
Grows in the most extreme environments . Such as extreme hot,frozen glaciers,rocks ,bottom of most streams or rivers ..
Biofilms formation :
Free floating microorganisms to a surface .
Initial bacteria attach by vander waals forces other bacteria use N _ acylhomoserine lactone to colonize .
Cells of biofilms produce extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids , DNA.
Which factors influence the bacteria to form biofilms .
Hydrophobicity
Environment al stress such as uv radiation , limited nutrients , extreme ph , high pressure , antimicrobial drugs .
Induction to biofilms formation in food industry :
Biofilms imply major challenge s for the food industry because they allow bacteria to bind to a range of surfaces such as rubber , polypropylene , plastic , glass , stainless steel , even food products in just few minutes .
A biofilms are largely responsible for food spoilage and outbreak . They’re also consider responsible for damage to food processing equipment.
Control by different methods .
Problem of biofilm in food industry
Escherichia coli can attach to variety of surfaces including steel , Glass , plastic , rubber and biotic surfaces .
The hydrophobicity of the surface material play an important role in bifilm formation .
For example e.coli 0157.h7 strain shows strong biofilms formation .
E.coli is also well known because of their acid resistance mechanisms . Which the becterium to survive in extreme acid condition as those generated in some food industry process involving acitic commonly us in some canned vegetables .and cause disease like urinary tract infection .
Salmonella enterica :
In the food industry multicellular structure of salmonella is able to grow on stain less steel surface and form biofilm .
Salmonella enterica is capable of attaching to meat and other food matrix easily .
The main source of contamination by this becterium is biofilm formation .
It is present in pre _ cooked chicken if it transfer to human body through contamination it cause septicemia , vomiting abdominal pain . fever .
BACILLUS Cereus :
The initial attachment of B .cereus on food manufacturing. Surfaces causes a preconditioning affect .
It facilitates the fast attachment of other bacterial specie
Bioremediation ppt.pptx
This document discusses bioremediation of soil and water contaminated by hydrocarbons and surfactants. It describes hydrocarbon and surfactant contamination sources and various bioremediation methods like bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and land farming that can be used. Advantages of bioremediation include using natural microbial processes while limitations include requirements for suitable microbial populations and environmental conditions. The document also discusses biofilms - microbial communities attached to surfaces, how they form, properties like antibiotic resistance, and challenges they pose for water treatment. Methods to dissolve biofilms like enzymatic treatments are also covered.
Biofouling and prevention
The document discusses biofouling, which is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, and animals on surfaces in water. Biofouling can negatively impact industries and increase costs for marine vessels. Traditionally, antifouling paints with copper and tributyltin compounds were used to prevent biofouling but these have harmful environmental effects. Researchers are now looking at more environmentally friendly alternatives inspired by natural antifouling mechanisms used by sea organisms.
Environmental microbiology 2009
The document discusses microbiology related to food and water. It describes how food and water can become contaminated with microorganisms from various sources like soil, food handlers, and animal hides. This contamination can lead to food spoilage, foodborne illness, and waterborne diseases. The document outlines various bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause diseases when ingested through contaminated food or water. It also discusses methods used to study and control microorganisms in food and water to prevent diseases.
Biofilm removal using enzyme chemistry
Biofilm is a collection of bacteria encased in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). It can be also referred as slime Many industrial companies struggle with biofilm can be removed using enzyme chemistry
Biofilm information in pathogen bacteria
This document provides an overview of biofilm formation in pathogens bacteria. It defines biofilms and describes their composition and structure. Biofilms provide bacteria advantages like increased antibiotic resistance. The document discusses where biofilms are commonly found and their role in various infectious diseases. It also reviews several studies examining biofilm formation in specific pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium avium.
micro organisms
- Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms that exist in various shapes including spheres, rods, and spirals. They reproduce through binary fission and are found in medicine, food industries, and decomposing matter.
- Algae are simple autotrophic organisms ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms. They are usually found in aquatic or moist places and contain chlorophyll. Some algae include Spirogyra and kelp. Algal blooms can be harmful.
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms in the kingdom Fungi. Examples include Rhizopus mold and edible Agaricus mushrooms. Fungi have useful and harmful aspects like food spoilage or production
Bacteria
Bacteria reproduce through binary fission and grow by reproducing. Helpful bacteria include Lactobacillus, which helps with lactose digestion, Bifidobacterium, which helps reduce diarrhea, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii, which produces gas bubbles in Swiss cheese. Harmful bacteria include Streptococcus pyogenes, which causes strep throat, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which causes food poisoning, Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera, Salmonella enterica, the most common cause of food poisoning, and Salmonella typhi, a major killer in underdeveloped countries.
Akvo - basic microbiology & bacterial metal corrosion
Bacteria are Unicellular (Single Cell) and have a range of shapes: Sphere, Rod, Spiral. They are a Few micrometers in length and will grow in a wide range of environments.
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