The document discusses biodegradable materials and includes summaries of several activities:
1. Comparing packing materials like biodegradable corn starch peanuts and non-biodegradable polystyrene peanuts.
2. Identifying biodegradable objects around the home.
3. Processing gelatin into films and gels and testing their mechanical properties at different concentrations.
4. Measuring degradation rates of materials like gelatin and starch in different solvents.
The document also summarizes a student design project to create a medicine delivery capsule and a student product idea to create environmentally friendly plastic from banana peels.
Done by group: Alieman_Nebula
School Name: Al Ieman school for girls
Biodegradable Materials module: Students make, test and evaluate biodegradable films and gels. They use their knowledge gained during the workshop to design devices that release a dye in a controlled manner as they degrade. Finally they design their own biodegradable product.
There is no doubt that the plastic is one of the most non-biodegradable materials that grabbed the world’s attention. Replacing non-biodegradable plastics with biodegradable ones will have a great impact on the environment. The idea of this group is to use biodegradable materials in manufacturing children toys and party supplies, as the survey – which was given to the mothers – showed that the most annoying garbage in their houses are the children’s toys, plates, and cups waste.
Through their product, they aim to limit the amount of plastic that is being used in children toys and party supplies.
The document summarizes several activities conducted by students to investigate biodegradable materials. In Activity 1, they compared biodegradable and non-biodegradable packing foams by observing their degradation. In Activity 2, they searched for biodegradable objects in their environment. They also processed biodegradable materials into films and gels in Activity 3 and measured their degradation rates in Activity 4. As a design project, the students created medicine release capsules from biodegradable materials. Finally, they proposed the idea of biodegradable tea pouches to make tea preparation more convenient.
1) The document describes experiments conducted by students to explore biodegradable materials. They compared how quickly different food packaging materials degraded and tested the strength of gelatin films at different concentrations.
2) The students also measured the degradation rates of materials like gelatin capsules, starch, and films in water, acids, and bases. They found rates varied based on factors like pH, temperature, and concentration.
3) As a design project, the students created alginate beads that could be used to deliver medicine gradually as the beads degraded. They proposed developing a biodegradable mobile phone case from sunflower seeds that would grow into flowers after degradation.
1) The document summarizes several activities and experiments conducted by students to learn about polymers. They tested how polymer pellets absorb water and salt water, identified synthetic and natural polymers in everyday products, compared the viscosity of liquids with different molecular weights, and tested the strength of polymer films.
2) For their design project, the students proposed a humidity sensor made of a polymer film that changes color with moisture levels. They found the film turned blue in dry air and pink in boiling water.
3) For their final project, the students proposed covering toys and school supplies with a mixture of egg shell powder, corn starch, and food coloring to protect children from toxic materials. They argued this would be a safe,
The document discusses biodegradable materials and includes summaries of several activities:
1. Comparing packing materials like biodegradable corn starch peanuts and non-biodegradable polystyrene peanuts.
2. Identifying biodegradable objects around the home.
3. Processing gelatin into films and gels and testing their mechanical properties at different concentrations.
4. Measuring degradation rates of materials like gelatin and starch in different solvents.
The document also summarizes a student design project to create a medicine delivery capsule and a student product idea to create environmentally friendly plastic from banana peels.
Done by group: Alieman_Nebula
School Name: Al Ieman school for girls
Biodegradable Materials module: Students make, test and evaluate biodegradable films and gels. They use their knowledge gained during the workshop to design devices that release a dye in a controlled manner as they degrade. Finally they design their own biodegradable product.
There is no doubt that the plastic is one of the most non-biodegradable materials that grabbed the world’s attention. Replacing non-biodegradable plastics with biodegradable ones will have a great impact on the environment. The idea of this group is to use biodegradable materials in manufacturing children toys and party supplies, as the survey – which was given to the mothers – showed that the most annoying garbage in their houses are the children’s toys, plates, and cups waste.
Through their product, they aim to limit the amount of plastic that is being used in children toys and party supplies.
The document summarizes several activities conducted by students to investigate biodegradable materials. In Activity 1, they compared biodegradable and non-biodegradable packing foams by observing their degradation. In Activity 2, they searched for biodegradable objects in their environment. They also processed biodegradable materials into films and gels in Activity 3 and measured their degradation rates in Activity 4. As a design project, the students created medicine release capsules from biodegradable materials. Finally, they proposed the idea of biodegradable tea pouches to make tea preparation more convenient.
1) The document describes experiments conducted by students to explore biodegradable materials. They compared how quickly different food packaging materials degraded and tested the strength of gelatin films at different concentrations.
2) The students also measured the degradation rates of materials like gelatin capsules, starch, and films in water, acids, and bases. They found rates varied based on factors like pH, temperature, and concentration.
3) As a design project, the students created alginate beads that could be used to deliver medicine gradually as the beads degraded. They proposed developing a biodegradable mobile phone case from sunflower seeds that would grow into flowers after degradation.
1) The document summarizes several activities and experiments conducted by students to learn about polymers. They tested how polymer pellets absorb water and salt water, identified synthetic and natural polymers in everyday products, compared the viscosity of liquids with different molecular weights, and tested the strength of polymer films.
2) For their design project, the students proposed a humidity sensor made of a polymer film that changes color with moisture levels. They found the film turned blue in dry air and pink in boiling water.
3) For their final project, the students proposed covering toys and school supplies with a mixture of egg shell powder, corn starch, and food coloring to protect children from toxic materials. They argued this would be a safe,
Formulation and Evalua-tion of Herbal Toothpaste: Compared With Marketed Prep...roshan telrandhe
The document summarizes the formulation and evaluation of an herbal toothpaste compared to marketed toothpastes. Key points:
1) An herbal toothpaste was formulated using plant extracts like neem, guava, cinnamon bark along with ingredients like honey, calcium carbonate, and sodium lauryl sulfate.
2) The formulated toothpaste was evaluated for various parameters like color, pH, spreadability, foamability, extrudability, moisture content and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
3) Comparison of the formulated toothpaste to marketed brands like Colgate, Dabur Red and Dant Kanti showed it had comparable pH, spreadability, foamability and % moisture
Presentation Comparative Study Between Reactive (Hot Brand) & Pigment Printed...suman mazumder
Comparative Study Between Reactive (Hot Brand) & Pigment Printed Cotton Fabric.Reactive dyes are the most important class of dyes for dyeing and printing for Comparison of the color appearance of cotton fabrics dyed using hot brand
Powders can be prepared on a small scale using mortars and pestles or spatulas for mixing. Larger scale mixing uses specialized equipment to rapidly and uniformly blend ingredients. Divided powders contain individually weighed doses packaged in paper or foil for administration. Bulk powders include oral powders mixed with water, dentifrices, dusting powders, and insufflations introduced into body cavities. Special techniques are needed for volatile, hygroscopic, or deliquescent substances to avoid degradation or inaccuracies in dosing.
This document discusses quality control testing for hard and soft gelatin capsules. It outlines the raw material testing, finished product testing, and industrial standards for capsules. Raw material testing includes parameters like bloom strength, viscosity, pH, moisture, and microbial limits for gelatin. Finished product tests cover weight variation, content uniformity, disintegration, and dissolution. Additional industrial standards address dimensions, shape, solubility, and odor. Pellicle formation testing examines for microbial film growth on liquid media.
The document describes an experiment to create biodegradable bioplastic utensils from algae. Students harvested algae, dried it, and ground it into a powder. They developed two recipes using the algae powder, cornstarch, water, and other ingredients. The first batch was brittle and broke easily. The second batch was stronger but still resembled a "carcass" rather than usable utensils. Future work could include refining the recipes, using industrial techniques, and exploring alternative uses of algae components to create stronger bioplastic. The goal of producing utensils comparable to petroleum-based plastics was not achieved but progress was made in the process.
The document discusses machinery used in the manufacturing processes of inks and paints. It describes how inks require various raw materials like resins, polymers, dyes and pigments that must be precisely formulated and processed. For paint manufacturing, high shear dispersers and mixers were developed to break down pigments and create homogeneous mixtures, but these machines had limitations in production time and size reduction. The document introduces Wahal Engineer's high shear mixer and high speed disperser machines as improvements that address the disadvantages of previous machinery used in paint manufacturing.
This document discusses various chemical finishing methods to improve the wet fastness of dyed textiles. It begins by defining key terms like colour fastness, fading, and bleeding. It then describes the ratings system used to evaluate fastness from 1-5 or 1-8. The rest of the document discusses specific approaches to improving wet fastness for cellulosic, synthetic, and nylon textiles using techniques like intensive washing, reductive agents, cationic products, formaldehyde condensation products, and reactive compounds. It also notes some potential issues with these methods and describes evaluation standards.
Development of Emulsion Paint from Trimethylol Urea/Polystyrene waste Copolym...IOSR Journals
Urea formaldehyde that is trimethylol urea (TMU) was synthesized and copolymerized with polystyrene waste (PS) to form TMU/PS copolymer binder for emulsion paint formulation. Formaldehyde emission and some physical properties of both TMU and TMU/PS were investigated. The resulting copolymer TMU/PS gave a better resin compared to pure TMU in terms of brittleness, low water resistance and formaldehyde emission. The emulsion paint formulated from both TMU and TMU/PS passed pH, viscosity, flexibility, opacity, gloss and storage stability tests. Paint from pure TMU failed adhesion, hardness, tackiness, resistance to blistering and drying time tests while that of TMU/PS paint recorded a pass in all the tests. Both paints were unaffected by the salt medium but surface defect were observed in the case of TMU films in alkali and acid solutions. TMU/PS films were unaffected by both the acid and alkali solutions. This study provides a potential route for both VOC reduction in coating surfaces and environmental pollution from waste polystyrene disposal.
This document summarizes a study on correlating dyeing results between lab and bulk production processes. Samples were dyed in the lab using different pressures and speeds on the padding mangle. The dyed samples were compared to a control sample dyed in bulk production. For a shade called "Sage", samples dyed at 1-2 bar pressure came out darker and greener-yellow than the control. Raising the pressure to 3 bar produced samples closer in strength to the control. Higher speeds generally resulted in lower strengths. In conclusion, a pressure of 3 bar and speed up to 5 m/min on the lab padding mangle best matched the bulk dyeing results.
1. The document compares pigment printing systems using acrylate and butadiene-based binders.
2. It finds that the butadiene-based binder shows better performance in terms of crocking fastness, formaldehyde release, and PVC migration. The K/S values are also higher for prints using butadiene binder.
3. Increasing the binder concentration decreases formaldehyde release and improves crocking fastness for both binders. However, the butadiene binder continues to perform better.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal toothpaste compared with marketed prepar...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are Camphor, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, relative density-10.2, pH-8.2, Extrudability-90.37, spredability- Good and stable formulation. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated herbal tooth paste exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.7 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. the outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and detal health of public.
This document summarizes research on reducing formaldehyde in textile finishing. It discusses hazards of formaldehyde and methods to reduce its release, including scavengers and modified cross-linking agents. Different non-formaldehyde finishes are also examined, such as Dimethyl-4,5, Dihydroxyethylene UREA and poly carboxylic acids like citric acid and butane-tetracarboxylic acid. Padding formulations using these alternatives with additives like catalysts and softeners are provided. The effects of variables like cross-linking agent concentration, curing conditions, and additives on properties like wrinkle recovery angle, tensile strength and bending length are summarized. The conclusions indicate citric acid improves properties
Formulation and Evaluation of Tooth Gel from Aloe vera leaves extractroshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate tooth gel utilizing leaf extract of Aloe vera. In multiple clinical studies, Aloe vera has used in dentistry for wound-healing effect, gingivitis, plaque control and curing oral mucosal lesions. Aloe vera is natural, ancient ingredient. The formulated Aloe vera tooth gel evaluated by physical examination: Colour-yellowish brown, Appearance-Homogeneous, smooth nature, Transparency-translucent and Relative density-10.5, No microbial growth in sample plate, pH7.5, Viscosity-310000cp, Extrudability amount percent-91.33, Spreadability-6.5cm/sec and obsereved good stability. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated aloe vera tooth gel exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.5 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. The outcome from this research evidently signified that the natural plant Aloe vera using to formulate tooth gel may be a new approach to formulate tooth gel economically and minimum side effect than synthetic formulation and good scope in future about dental research in natural remedies.
Influence of manufacturing process on physical and flow characteristic and c...Ghazwa Shawash
REFRANCES:
1. www.pubmed.com :
(1) Garg ,A., Gupta ,M., Bhargava ,H.N.. (2007). Effect of formulation parameters on the release characteristics of propranolol from asymmetric membrane coated tablets. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 67(3), 725-731.
(2) Närvänen ,T., Lipsanen ,T., Antikainen ,O., Räikkönen ,H.,Yliruusi ,J.. (2008). Controlling granule size by granulation liquid feed pulsing. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 357(1-2), 132-138.
(3) Ende ,T.a.m., Moses ,K., Carella ,j., Gadkari ,A., Graul ,W., Otano ,L., Timpano ,J. .( 2007). Improving the Content Uniformity of a Low-Dose Tablet Formulation Through Roller Compaction Optimization. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology. 12(4), 391 – 404.
(4) Alkhatib ,H.S., Aiedeh ,K.M., Bustanji ,Y., Hamed ,S., Mohammad ,M.K., Alkhalidi ,B., Najjar ,S.. (2008). Modulation of buspirone HCl release from hypromellose matrices using chitosan succinate: Implications for pH-independent release. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics.
(5) Brodka-Pfeiffer ,K., Langguth ,P., Grass ,P., Häusler ,H.. (2003). Influence of mechanical activation on the physical stability of salbutamol sulphate. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 56(3), 393-400.
(6) El-Sabawi ,D., Price ,R., Edge ,S., Young ,P.M.. (2006). Novel temperature controlled surface dissolution of excipient particles for carrier based dry powder inhaler formulations. 32(2), 243-51.
(7) Bacher ,C., Olsen ,P.M., Bertelsen ,P., Sonnergaard ,J.M.. (2008). Compressibility and compactibility of granules produced by wet and dry granulation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 358(1-2), 69-74.
(8) Bock ,T.K., Kraas ,U.. (2001). Experience with the Diosna mini-granulator and assessment of process scalability. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 52(3), 297-303.
(9) Badawy ,S.I., Menning ,M.M., Gorko ,M.A., Gilbert ,D.L. (2000). Effect of process parameters on compressibility of granulation manufactured in a high-shear mixer. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 198(1), 51-61.
2. advanced pharmacetics: physicochemical principle . cherng-ju Kim.publisher,CRC press.ISBN:0849317290.
3. ansels pharmaceutical dosage form and drug delivery system.loyd V.allen Howard C.Ansel Nicholas G.povich.puplisher:Lippincott William &wilkin.8 th edition.ISBN:0781746124.
4. physical pharmacy , Alfred martin ,ph.d. .
Lubricants are added at the final mixing step to minimize their interaction with other ingredients in the formulation. Adding lubricants too early in the mixing process could result in the lubricant coating the surfaces of other ingredients, which could prevent proper blending and homogeneity of the mixture. Keeping the lubricant addition brief also helps minimize this effect.
Bioplastics are a type of plastic that can be made from natural resources such as vegetable oils and starches. Since bioplastics are plant-based products, the consumption of petroleum for the production of plastic is expected to decrease by 15–20% by 2025.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste: Compared with marketed prepa...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are Camphor, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, relative density-10.2, pH-8.2, Extrudability-90.37, spredability-Good and stable formulation. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated herbal tooth paste exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.7 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. the outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and detal health of public.
IPQC Tests for capsules As per IP, BP & USPPramod Ramane
IPQC- In Process Quality Control Tests for Capsules are
1. Uniformity Of Content
2. Disintigration Test
3. Weight Variation Test
4. Dissolution Test
The tests are with Acceptance limits/Criteria as per Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP) & United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)
This document outlines a student science project on biodegradable materials. It includes:
1) Four students and their project on biodegradable materials, which involves four activities: comparing packing materials, identifying biodegradable objects, processing materials, and measuring degradation rates.
2) The activities study different biodegradable materials like corn starch, gelatin, and foam in various solutions like water and acids to observe their decomposition.
3) The final project proposes a "compost maker machine" to convert food waste into compost using heat, mixing, and moisture in different sized machines for homes, restaurants, and other places.
Formulation and Evalua-tion of Herbal Toothpaste: Compared With Marketed Prep...roshan telrandhe
The document summarizes the formulation and evaluation of an herbal toothpaste compared to marketed toothpastes. Key points:
1) An herbal toothpaste was formulated using plant extracts like neem, guava, cinnamon bark along with ingredients like honey, calcium carbonate, and sodium lauryl sulfate.
2) The formulated toothpaste was evaluated for various parameters like color, pH, spreadability, foamability, extrudability, moisture content and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
3) Comparison of the formulated toothpaste to marketed brands like Colgate, Dabur Red and Dant Kanti showed it had comparable pH, spreadability, foamability and % moisture
Presentation Comparative Study Between Reactive (Hot Brand) & Pigment Printed...suman mazumder
Comparative Study Between Reactive (Hot Brand) & Pigment Printed Cotton Fabric.Reactive dyes are the most important class of dyes for dyeing and printing for Comparison of the color appearance of cotton fabrics dyed using hot brand
Powders can be prepared on a small scale using mortars and pestles or spatulas for mixing. Larger scale mixing uses specialized equipment to rapidly and uniformly blend ingredients. Divided powders contain individually weighed doses packaged in paper or foil for administration. Bulk powders include oral powders mixed with water, dentifrices, dusting powders, and insufflations introduced into body cavities. Special techniques are needed for volatile, hygroscopic, or deliquescent substances to avoid degradation or inaccuracies in dosing.
This document discusses quality control testing for hard and soft gelatin capsules. It outlines the raw material testing, finished product testing, and industrial standards for capsules. Raw material testing includes parameters like bloom strength, viscosity, pH, moisture, and microbial limits for gelatin. Finished product tests cover weight variation, content uniformity, disintegration, and dissolution. Additional industrial standards address dimensions, shape, solubility, and odor. Pellicle formation testing examines for microbial film growth on liquid media.
The document describes an experiment to create biodegradable bioplastic utensils from algae. Students harvested algae, dried it, and ground it into a powder. They developed two recipes using the algae powder, cornstarch, water, and other ingredients. The first batch was brittle and broke easily. The second batch was stronger but still resembled a "carcass" rather than usable utensils. Future work could include refining the recipes, using industrial techniques, and exploring alternative uses of algae components to create stronger bioplastic. The goal of producing utensils comparable to petroleum-based plastics was not achieved but progress was made in the process.
The document discusses machinery used in the manufacturing processes of inks and paints. It describes how inks require various raw materials like resins, polymers, dyes and pigments that must be precisely formulated and processed. For paint manufacturing, high shear dispersers and mixers were developed to break down pigments and create homogeneous mixtures, but these machines had limitations in production time and size reduction. The document introduces Wahal Engineer's high shear mixer and high speed disperser machines as improvements that address the disadvantages of previous machinery used in paint manufacturing.
This document discusses various chemical finishing methods to improve the wet fastness of dyed textiles. It begins by defining key terms like colour fastness, fading, and bleeding. It then describes the ratings system used to evaluate fastness from 1-5 or 1-8. The rest of the document discusses specific approaches to improving wet fastness for cellulosic, synthetic, and nylon textiles using techniques like intensive washing, reductive agents, cationic products, formaldehyde condensation products, and reactive compounds. It also notes some potential issues with these methods and describes evaluation standards.
Development of Emulsion Paint from Trimethylol Urea/Polystyrene waste Copolym...IOSR Journals
Urea formaldehyde that is trimethylol urea (TMU) was synthesized and copolymerized with polystyrene waste (PS) to form TMU/PS copolymer binder for emulsion paint formulation. Formaldehyde emission and some physical properties of both TMU and TMU/PS were investigated. The resulting copolymer TMU/PS gave a better resin compared to pure TMU in terms of brittleness, low water resistance and formaldehyde emission. The emulsion paint formulated from both TMU and TMU/PS passed pH, viscosity, flexibility, opacity, gloss and storage stability tests. Paint from pure TMU failed adhesion, hardness, tackiness, resistance to blistering and drying time tests while that of TMU/PS paint recorded a pass in all the tests. Both paints were unaffected by the salt medium but surface defect were observed in the case of TMU films in alkali and acid solutions. TMU/PS films were unaffected by both the acid and alkali solutions. This study provides a potential route for both VOC reduction in coating surfaces and environmental pollution from waste polystyrene disposal.
This document summarizes a study on correlating dyeing results between lab and bulk production processes. Samples were dyed in the lab using different pressures and speeds on the padding mangle. The dyed samples were compared to a control sample dyed in bulk production. For a shade called "Sage", samples dyed at 1-2 bar pressure came out darker and greener-yellow than the control. Raising the pressure to 3 bar produced samples closer in strength to the control. Higher speeds generally resulted in lower strengths. In conclusion, a pressure of 3 bar and speed up to 5 m/min on the lab padding mangle best matched the bulk dyeing results.
1. The document compares pigment printing systems using acrylate and butadiene-based binders.
2. It finds that the butadiene-based binder shows better performance in terms of crocking fastness, formaldehyde release, and PVC migration. The K/S values are also higher for prints using butadiene binder.
3. Increasing the binder concentration decreases formaldehyde release and improves crocking fastness for both binders. However, the butadiene binder continues to perform better.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal toothpaste compared with marketed prepar...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are Camphor, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, relative density-10.2, pH-8.2, Extrudability-90.37, spredability- Good and stable formulation. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated herbal tooth paste exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.7 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. the outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and detal health of public.
This document summarizes research on reducing formaldehyde in textile finishing. It discusses hazards of formaldehyde and methods to reduce its release, including scavengers and modified cross-linking agents. Different non-formaldehyde finishes are also examined, such as Dimethyl-4,5, Dihydroxyethylene UREA and poly carboxylic acids like citric acid and butane-tetracarboxylic acid. Padding formulations using these alternatives with additives like catalysts and softeners are provided. The effects of variables like cross-linking agent concentration, curing conditions, and additives on properties like wrinkle recovery angle, tensile strength and bending length are summarized. The conclusions indicate citric acid improves properties
Formulation and Evaluation of Tooth Gel from Aloe vera leaves extractroshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate tooth gel utilizing leaf extract of Aloe vera. In multiple clinical studies, Aloe vera has used in dentistry for wound-healing effect, gingivitis, plaque control and curing oral mucosal lesions. Aloe vera is natural, ancient ingredient. The formulated Aloe vera tooth gel evaluated by physical examination: Colour-yellowish brown, Appearance-Homogeneous, smooth nature, Transparency-translucent and Relative density-10.5, No microbial growth in sample plate, pH7.5, Viscosity-310000cp, Extrudability amount percent-91.33, Spreadability-6.5cm/sec and obsereved good stability. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated aloe vera tooth gel exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.5 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. The outcome from this research evidently signified that the natural plant Aloe vera using to formulate tooth gel may be a new approach to formulate tooth gel economically and minimum side effect than synthetic formulation and good scope in future about dental research in natural remedies.
Influence of manufacturing process on physical and flow characteristic and c...Ghazwa Shawash
REFRANCES:
1. www.pubmed.com :
(1) Garg ,A., Gupta ,M., Bhargava ,H.N.. (2007). Effect of formulation parameters on the release characteristics of propranolol from asymmetric membrane coated tablets. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 67(3), 725-731.
(2) Närvänen ,T., Lipsanen ,T., Antikainen ,O., Räikkönen ,H.,Yliruusi ,J.. (2008). Controlling granule size by granulation liquid feed pulsing. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 357(1-2), 132-138.
(3) Ende ,T.a.m., Moses ,K., Carella ,j., Gadkari ,A., Graul ,W., Otano ,L., Timpano ,J. .( 2007). Improving the Content Uniformity of a Low-Dose Tablet Formulation Through Roller Compaction Optimization. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology. 12(4), 391 – 404.
(4) Alkhatib ,H.S., Aiedeh ,K.M., Bustanji ,Y., Hamed ,S., Mohammad ,M.K., Alkhalidi ,B., Najjar ,S.. (2008). Modulation of buspirone HCl release from hypromellose matrices using chitosan succinate: Implications for pH-independent release. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics.
(5) Brodka-Pfeiffer ,K., Langguth ,P., Grass ,P., Häusler ,H.. (2003). Influence of mechanical activation on the physical stability of salbutamol sulphate. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 56(3), 393-400.
(6) El-Sabawi ,D., Price ,R., Edge ,S., Young ,P.M.. (2006). Novel temperature controlled surface dissolution of excipient particles for carrier based dry powder inhaler formulations. 32(2), 243-51.
(7) Bacher ,C., Olsen ,P.M., Bertelsen ,P., Sonnergaard ,J.M.. (2008). Compressibility and compactibility of granules produced by wet and dry granulation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 358(1-2), 69-74.
(8) Bock ,T.K., Kraas ,U.. (2001). Experience with the Diosna mini-granulator and assessment of process scalability. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 52(3), 297-303.
(9) Badawy ,S.I., Menning ,M.M., Gorko ,M.A., Gilbert ,D.L. (2000). Effect of process parameters on compressibility of granulation manufactured in a high-shear mixer. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 198(1), 51-61.
2. advanced pharmacetics: physicochemical principle . cherng-ju Kim.publisher,CRC press.ISBN:0849317290.
3. ansels pharmaceutical dosage form and drug delivery system.loyd V.allen Howard C.Ansel Nicholas G.povich.puplisher:Lippincott William &wilkin.8 th edition.ISBN:0781746124.
4. physical pharmacy , Alfred martin ,ph.d. .
Lubricants are added at the final mixing step to minimize their interaction with other ingredients in the formulation. Adding lubricants too early in the mixing process could result in the lubricant coating the surfaces of other ingredients, which could prevent proper blending and homogeneity of the mixture. Keeping the lubricant addition brief also helps minimize this effect.
Bioplastics are a type of plastic that can be made from natural resources such as vegetable oils and starches. Since bioplastics are plant-based products, the consumption of petroleum for the production of plastic is expected to decrease by 15–20% by 2025.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste: Compared with marketed prepa...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are Camphor, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, relative density-10.2, pH-8.2, Extrudability-90.37, spredability-Good and stable formulation. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated herbal tooth paste exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.7 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. the outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and detal health of public.
IPQC Tests for capsules As per IP, BP & USPPramod Ramane
IPQC- In Process Quality Control Tests for Capsules are
1. Uniformity Of Content
2. Disintigration Test
3. Weight Variation Test
4. Dissolution Test
The tests are with Acceptance limits/Criteria as per Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP) & United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)
This document outlines a student science project on biodegradable materials. It includes:
1) Four students and their project on biodegradable materials, which involves four activities: comparing packing materials, identifying biodegradable objects, processing materials, and measuring degradation rates.
2) The activities study different biodegradable materials like corn starch, gelatin, and foam in various solutions like water and acids to observe their decomposition.
3) The final project proposes a "compost maker machine" to convert food waste into compost using heat, mixing, and moisture in different sized machines for homes, restaurants, and other places.
Done by Polymers group, Mohamed bin AbdulAziz Almana
Food packaging is packaging for food. A package provides protection, tampering resistance, and special physical, chemical, or biological needs.
Now lots of products are made out of plastic. A lot of it is throw away and will stay in garbage dumps for thousands of years. Biodegradable plastic, unlike normal plastic made from petroleum, will decompose and become part of the soil. This Intractable will show you how one easy way to make some biodegradable plastic.
Then we can do with the biodegradable plastic a clever and eco-friendly food packaging systems on a high demand .
Done by Creators group, Karaana Independent secondary school for boys
Food packaging is packaging for food. A package provides protection, tampering resistance, and special physical, chemical, or biological needs.
Now lots of products are made out of plastic. A lot of it is throw away and will stay in garbage dumps of thousands of years. Biodegradable plastic, unlike normal plastic made from petroleum, will decompose and become part of the soil. This project will show how one easy way to make some biodegradable plastic that can be used in food packaging and thus become edible
This document summarizes a student project on biodegradable materials. It outlines 4 activities that students conducted: 1) comparing biodegradable and non-biodegradable packing materials, 2) identifying biodegradable objects, 3) processing and comparing mechanical properties of biodegradable materials, and 4) measuring degradation rates of materials. It also describes a design project to create a medicine delivery device and development of a "Green Plastic" made from chemically treated palm fronds that is biodegradable. Test results showed the Green Plastic has reinforced mechanical properties and is more environmentally friendly than traditional plastics. The conclusion is that the student team gained research experience and that the Green Plastic will
This document outlines activities completed by students as part of the AL-Bairaq program exploring food packaging materials and design. It describes 7 activities where students: 1) compared biodegradable and non-biodegradable packaging materials, 2) investigated purposes of food package components, 3) analyzed packaging for different foods, 4) evaluated environmental impacts of packaging, 5) researched packaging materials, 6) designed a protective tomato package, and 7) compared insulating properties of materials. It then proposes a tea package product containing a tea bag and sugar stick for easy mixing. The document concludes with acknowledgments for the AL-Bairaq program sponsors.
The document outlines activities conducted as part of a project on biodegradable materials. It describes 4 activities: 1) comparing packing materials, 2) identifying biodegradable objects, 3) processing and testing gelatin and film materials, and 4) measuring degradation rates. It also outlines a design project to create medicine release capsules and a final "Green Qatar" project to enrich soil using biodegradable waste to grow plants locally. The document provides procedures, observations and conclusions for each activity with the overall aim of learning about biodegradable materials and their applications.
This document outlines a group project on biodegradable materials. It describes 4 main activities: 1) comparing packing materials and their degradation rates, 2) identifying biodegradable objects, 3) processing and testing gelatin and film mechanical properties, and 4) measuring degradation rates under different conditions. It also discusses designing a medicine release capsule and a final project to make paper from scrap materials. The group learned about biodegradable materials and their importance for a clean environment. They thank sponsors for supporting the project.
This document summarizes a student project to produce bioplastic from potato starch. It includes the objectives to understand biodegradable materials from potato starch extraction as substitutes for bioplastics. The methods describe extracting potato starch then mixing it with water, hydrochloric acid, glycerol and heating to produce bioplastic in different colors. Results found the bioplastic degraded fully after being buried for 1-3 days, showing it is biodegradable. Factors like material structure and soil conditions may affect results. The bioplastic was brittle but demonstrated biodegradability.
Done By Group : KHA_Beta8
School Name : Khalifa Independent Secondary School for Boys.
Biodegradable Materials: is a substance that degrades into smaller nontoxic parts that are returned to the environment and may be reused by organisms.
there are so many applications around us for Biodegradable materials like : Surgical Sutures
, Plastic bag .
our Idea:Bio Plastic
Palm tree is a part of our culture and it is widespread Qatar, it has many uses but we think about it as a Biodegradable Material.
We use “palm tree” to make Biodegradable plastic form natural components: Starch + Water + Vinegar + Glycerin
This document summarizes experiments conducted by students on biodegradable materials. It includes 4 activities: 1) comparing packing materials to see how biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials degrade, 2) identifying biodegradable objects, 3) processing biodegradable materials and comparing mechanical properties, and 4) measuring degradation rates of materials. It also describes a design project to create a medicine release capsule and a proposed product - water balls that could replace plastic water bottles. The document highlights issues with plastic waste and how water balls could provide an edible, biodegradable alternative.
This document outlines a student project on biodegradable materials. It describes 4 activities: 1) comparing packing materials and finding that corn starch degrades in water unlike polystyrene foam; 2) identifying objects that are/aren't biodegradable; 3) processing materials and comparing their mechanical properties; 4) measuring degradation rates of materials. It then discusses a design project to create a biodegradable medicine capsule and a final project creating biodegradable cups with a seed layer to benefit the environment when degraded.
The document discusses polymers and several activities conducted with polymers. It then describes a design project to create a humidity sensor using a polymer film. It also outlines a project to develop self-healing electrical cables using a self-healing polymer. The polymer would be synthesized in the cable's outer layer to prevent cutting and maintain the cable's function for longer by protecting against electricity leakage. Testing is still needed to confirm the durability of this application, which could also be extended to other electrical equipment. In conclusion, polymers have various properties and uses that can help solve problems when applied in daily life.
1) The document outlines activities done by students exploring polymers, including changing polymer pellets, identifying polymers in products, and experiments on viscosity and strength of polymer films.
2) The students designed a humidity sensor using a polymer film that changes color with humidity.
3) They proposed developing an anti-microbial medical gown by adding an anti-microbial polymer to areas with most patient contact, to reduce microbial transmission and contamination. They hypothesized this polymer would improve gown properties and resistance to infection.
This document is an outline for an AL-Bairaq module on polymers and their properties. It includes an introduction to polymers, descriptions of 4 hands-on activities exploring polymer properties, and a design project to create a humidity sensor using polymer films. It also includes a section on a proposed project to install piezoelectric PVDF polymer membranes in streets to generate electricity from passing vehicles. The document concludes with recommendations for further research on improving the street paving project and implementing it in Qatar.
(1) The document discusses polymers and their properties. It describes activities where students explored changing polymer pellets, identifying polymer products, comparing liquid viscosity, and testing polymer film strength.
(2) It then details a student design project to create a humidity sensor using a polymer film that changes color with humidity levels.
(3) The document proposes using hydrophobic polymers for medicine packaging to extend drug shelf lives by preventing moisture absorption, a common cause of products failing specifications. It suggests further research is needed to develop this packaging approach.
The document outlines a student's project for an Al-Bairaq program where they studied polymers, conducted experiments on polymer properties, and designed a humidity sensor using a polymer film. Their final project was designing a healing bandage using natural polymers like honey and cyperus, with the hypothesis that these would aid the healing process. The student concludes they gained presentation, research, and problem-solving skills from their experience in the Al-Bairaq program.
The document outlines a student project to design a degradable fishing net made from polylactic acid (PLA) polymer. The students conducted activities to learn about natural and synthetic polymers. They explored how polymer weight and concentration affects viscosity. Their fishing net design uses PLA, which degrades within 6-24 months when exposed to ocean environments, compared to hundreds of years for conventional plastics. The students conclude that converting fishing gear to biodegradable materials like PLA would help protect marine life and reduce plastic pollution.
The document summarizes several activities completed by students as part of an AL-Bairaq program exploring polymers. The activities examined properties of polymers like changing polymer pellets, identifying polymer products, and testing viscosity and strength of polymer films. The students also designed a humidity sensor using polymer film. Their final design project was an anti-microbial toothbrush using the polymer polyethylene glycol in the bristles to inhibit bacterial growth and reduce bacteria on toothbrushes. The students recommend further research into other anti-microbial polymers and improving their toothbrush design idea. Overall, the program helped students learn about various polymer applications and properties.
This document summarizes activities and a design project exploring polymers. It discusses:
- Activity exploring how polymer pellets change and hunting for polymer products.
- Activities comparing viscosity of liquids and testing strength of polymer films.
- A design project to create a humidity sensor using a polymer film that changes color with humidity.
- A project to generate electricity by inserting piezoelectric polymer films under keyboard keys. The project aims to reduce energy consumption and hypotheses that pressing the keys will generate voltage.
The document describes a student project exploring composite materials. It includes 4 activities where students tested different types of ice and foam composites to understand strength and stiffness. Based on their learnings, the students designed safety sports socks with layers of different composite materials like memory foam and bubble wrap to protect athletes' knees and ankles from injuries. The socks aim to help players in soccer and other sports prevent leg injuries. The students believe their low-cost composite sock design could benefit many athletes if adopted.
1) The document presents a student project exploring composite materials and designing a shockproof tablet case from recycled rubber.
2) The project involved activities testing different types of ice and foam composites to evaluate strength and stiffness.
3) The proposed product is a shockproof and durable tablet case made from recycled vehicle tire rubber combined with carbon fibers, solving the dual problems of electronic device protection and waste recycling.
This document summarizes a student project exploring composite materials. The students tested different types of ice and foam composites to understand strength and stiffness. They then designed a fishing pole using composite materials. For their final project, the students proposed creating a dirt-resistant wallpaper using recycled polypropylene and rubber materials. They believe this wallpaper would be easy to clean and help beautify homes in Qatar while reusing waste materials. The students concluded they learned about composite properties and applications through hands-on activities and designing a new product.
1) The document describes a student project exploring composite materials. It defines composites as materials made of two or more components that have different properties and produce an overall material with different properties than the individual parts.
2) The students conducted activities testing the strength of different types of ice and exploring composite materials in everyday objects. They also explored the difference between strength and stiffness of materials.
3) For their design project, the students came up with the idea of a wire insulating composite resin that can seal cuts in electrical wires to prevent electrical shock by being waterproof, flexible, and insulating. They produced successful composite resin samples and propose it as an economical solution.
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4. Activity(1)
Objective: comparing packing materials.
steps:
1- put water in beaker.
2- Put the two peanuts in the beaker
3- start stop watch.
Results: the white peanut will degrade and
the green will not degrade.
Conclusion: water breaks the ponds between
the white peanut because its made of corn starch
5. Objective: comparing packing materials
procedure: 1- put the two eggs in different cases and put
green peanut in the first case and white peanut in the other.
2- left them from same level
Results: both white and green where protective to the egg
conclusion: we can use both types of packing materials only the
white can not use it with contents containing liquid
Activity(1)
6. Objective: hunting for biodegradable object
Should be
biodegradable why
1- capsules To degrade in the stomach and give medicine to the body
2- plastic bags To decrease the pollution
Should not be
biodegradable Why
1- iron Because we use it in buildings
2- Rubber Because we use it in car’s tiers
7. Objective : making two films and one gel.
Procedure : 1- adding 10M of Hcl to three beakers.
2- add to the first beaker 5 capsules ,10 capsules
To the second and 20 capsules to the third.
3-Stir in a water path at 60C.
4- After wile put them in petri dish.
8. Results :
5% film 10%
film
20%
gell
Thickness thin Little thick Thick
Flexibility week strong Strong and flexible
transparency transparent Semi transparent Opaque
9. Activity(4)
Objective: measuring the degradation rate
Substant
media
0ne
capsule
foam 20% gel 5% film
Water 3 sec 10 min 8 min 55 sec
HCl
0.0001%
third fourth second first
NaOH
0.0001%
third fourth second first
conc: the boiling water was the most effective at degrading because of its
kinetic energy that breake the bonds.
Measuring the degradation rate
10. Objective : designing a medicine release device.
Procedure : 1- add drops of food color to 5ml of sodium alginate.
2- we use the pipette to pulle the colored medicine and place it in a
beaker contains 50ml of CaCl2.
3- we took out the medicine and applied it on the filter paper.
Results: we made medicine by using food color and Na alginate and
CaCl2.
Conc: We could observe the release of color representing medicine.
11. Final Project
(Ancient bio gum)
Why ancient bio gum ?
The normal regular gum has many problems, it contains artificial colors,
Flavors, preservatives, sugar, plastics and rubbers. The sugar free gum
contains artificial sugar like aspartame which is carcinogenic.
Everyone prefer the gum because of its taste but this taste soon would
disappear leaving the sugar in mouth and giving chance of bacteria growth
causing (bad breath) and (tooth decay).
What if we can product a chewable gum for natural components and herbs
that can be used for many purposes?
12. Ancient bio gum
Tools:
Honey wax, gum base, Natural food color and Food essence.
Flavor: (Mint, Cinnamon, Clove, Rose, Ginger).
Method:
1. By mixing ingredients in blender for 30 min.
2. Pour the poste over modules and leave it.
13. Ancient bio gum
Results: we produce healthy bio gum with out artificial colors,
Flavors, sugar, plastics and rubbers.
We can use it in medical way as we can solve bad breath problem,
tooth problems, over weight……
It is not dangerous for children .
All of that by adding the natural medicine to the bio gum.
14. Many thanks to my teachers, Abh school and AL-Bairaq team
from Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University for
supporting us during our journey with a AL-Bairaq.
Also, I would like to thank the sponsors UNESCO, Qatar National
Commission, Ras Gas, Maersk and Shell.