Biochemistry studies the chemistry of living organisms, especially proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Pharmacology is a branch of biochemistry that studies how drugs interact with the body. Drugs are absorbed through biological membranes and their distribution, action, and elimination in the body depend on factors like molecular weight, concentration gradient, liposolubility, and degree of ionization. Drugs are excreted from the body through routes like the kidneys, bile, lungs, and other means. Antibiotics can act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, folate synthesis, membrane permeability, DNA synthesis, or RNA polymerase.

1. BIOCHEMISTRY

2. BIOCHEMISTRY
• The Biochemistry is a science that studies the
chemistry of living organisms, especially
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic
acids, and other small molecules in cells and
also the chemical reactions that these
compounds (metabolism) allowing perform to
obtain energy (catabolism) and generate
biomolecules (anabolism).

3. PHARMACOLOGY

4. PHARMACOLOGY
• The Pharmacology is a branch of the Biochemistry; this
science studies the drug action. More specifically, it is
the study of the interactions that occur between a
living organism and chemicals that affect normal or
abnormal biochemical function.
• Actually the pharmacology has a great impact in
medicine as in biochemistry, because the different
types of drugs produce different effects in the same
person, according with many factors as for example:
the wheater and the emotional aspect.

5. • Any movement
of a drug
molecule within
the body requires
passage through
BIOCHEMISTRY biological
OF DRUG membranes.
ABOSORCIÓN • This affects both
the absorption
mechanisms as
in the distribution
or elimination.

6. There are two mechanisms
THROUGH
INTERCELLUL Filtration
AR CLEFTS
THROUGH
CELL
MEMBRANES

7. Molecular weight
of the drug
Concentr Distance
ation Filtration between
gradient cells
Pressure on
either side
of the wall

8. CONCENTRATION
GRADIENT
MOLECULAR
The transport
WEIGHT OF THE across cell LIPOSOLUBILITY
DRUG membranes
DEGREE OF
IONIZATION

9.  The distribution is the
transport of the medicament
for the blood up to the place
where he exercises his action.

10. Dissolved in
the plasma.
DRUG
DISTRIBUTION
Joined
Inside certain
plasmatic
cells.
proteins

11. DISPOSAL OF A DRUG
• drug and its active and inactive
a
The excretion study ways to remove
metabolites from the body to the
outside.
• Routes of excretion: they all
contribute physiologically to expel the
liquid and organic substances.
• The drugs are excreted in the
following ways: mainly by the kidney
after biliary-enteric by.

12. The kidney: it is the most important route of
excretion of drugs. Its importance in
pharmacology decreases when a drug is
metabolized in its entirety, and only eliminated
by the kidney inactive metabolites

13. Biliary excretion: the drug is metabolized
in the liver, biliary system passes, then the
intestine and out through the feces.

14. Pulmonary excretion: some drugs
are excreted in the breath, such as
alcohol and general anesthetics.

15. Mechanisms of action
Antibiotics

16. Bacterial wall
synthesis
(penicillin)
Folate Membrane
synthesis permeability(
(sulfonamides) polyenes)
Inhibition
DNA
RNA
synthesis
polymerase
(metronidaz
(rifampicin)
ole)