ASSESSMENT OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE IMMERSED IN ACIDIC SOLUTIONS WITH PART...Ijripublishers Ijri
The present investigations are proposed to study the acid resistance behavior of M40 grade SCC with partial replacement
of cement with mineral admixture Fly Ash at 10, 20, and 30%. Rational method of mix design was adopted for mix
design of M40 grade SCC for the trial mixes in the absence of BIS code for SCC mix design. Experimental investigations
were carried out to study the acid resistance of SCC from hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2So4) which are
effective acids expected to cause damage for strength and durability of structures, by observing the effect for 14, 28 and
60days strengths and performance at different percentages of mix with flyash. Based on these studies, inference was
drawn for durability of structures exposed to such aggressive environment.
ASSESSMENT OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE IMMERSED IN ACIDIC SOLUTIONS WITH PART...Ijripublishers Ijri
The present investigations are proposed to study the acid resistance behavior of M40 grade SCC with partial replacement
of cement with mineral admixture Fly Ash at 10, 20, and 30%. Rational method of mix design was adopted for mix
design of M40 grade SCC for the trial mixes in the absence of BIS code for SCC mix design. Experimental investigations
were carried out to study the acid resistance of SCC from hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2So4) which are
effective acids expected to cause damage for strength and durability of structures, by observing the effect for 14, 28 and
60days strengths and performance at different percentages of mix with flyash. Based on these studies, inference was
drawn for durability of structures exposed to such aggressive environment.
GIC is the Direct Aesthetic restorative material hsving a variety of Applications in Dentistry. Most important properties are F release and chemical bonding with tooth structure. In this presentation Dr Rashid covers all the aspects of GIC.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Objective: To investigate the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer enhanced with bioactive glass (Activa BioActive-Base/Liner) to composite resin using different dental adhesive systems.
Study Design: In this study, Activa BioActive-Base/Liner (ABA/BL) was placed in cylindrical cavities formed in acrylic blocks. In blocks divided into 6 groups according to the adhesive system to be applied, two-step etch-and-rinse Gluma 2 Bond (Heraeus Kulzer, Germany), one-step self-etch Gluma Self Etch (Heraeus Kulzer), universal system Gluma Universal (Heraeus Kulzer), two-step self-etch Clearfil SE Protect (Kuraray, Japan), one-step self-etch Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (Kuraray), and universal system Clearfil S3 Bond Universal (Kuraray) adhesive systems were applied on ABA/BL. After composite resin (3M ESPE Filtek Ultimate) was applied to the prepared surfaces, the specimens were placed in a universal test device and shear bond strength test was determined. Fracture types were evaluated using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk, two-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Post-Hoc Multiple Comparisons tests.
Results: In terms of bond strength values, the highest bond value was seen in the two-step self-etch (Clearfil SE Protect) group, and the lowest bond strength value was seen in the universal system (Clearfil S3 Bond Universal) group. There was no statistically significant difference between the adhesive agent groups in terms of bond strength values (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It is thought that choosing the two-step self-etch technique as an adhesive system when resin-modified glass ionomer enhanced with bioactive glass (ABA/BL) is used as the pulp capping/base material will be more appropriate in terms of bond strength.
Keywords: adhesive systems, bioactive materials, bond strength, cariostatic agents, composite resins, dental materials, fluorides, glass ionomer, glass ionomer cements, materials testing, vital pulp therapy
Recent advances in gic final /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Recent advances in gic final /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This project is study of Self-healing behaviour of concrete which deals with
mechanical properties of concrete is widely used to improve the durability of the
concrete. Self-healing concrete is a product that will chemically produce hydrates to
heal the cracks that appear on the surface of concrete structures. In self-healing
process healing agent absorbs the moisture content present in atmosphere to heal.
This process enhanced mechanical properties of concrete. Superabsorbent polymers
(SAPs) are materials that have the ability to absorb and retain large volumes of water
and aqueous solutions. SAP is now a mature product that has quickly progressed from
specialty chemical to special commodity. Sodium silicate is used as SAP chemical
admixtures as well as self-healing agent for concrete. Sodium silicate in liquid form at
2% is mixed with concrete based on previous work. As per IS 10262 : 2009, M40
grade concrete mix design is derived for both control and SAP concrete and
specimens are prepared for compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural
strength. At age of 7, 14, and 28 and 56 days, tests are conducted to determine the
compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths. The specimen are also pre-cracked
on 28th day and re-cured for 28 days to undergo rapid self-healing process. On 56th
day, they are tested for determining the recovery of strengths. The effect of 2%
sodium silicate on the strength and the healing property of concrete is studied by
determining the self-healing efficiency.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Case Analyis
Orthopantomogram Analysis and Cephalometrics
Clinique Dentiste (Doctor Gorda Dental Clinic)
Dr. Joseph Russell N. Gorda (General Dentistry, Oral Surgery, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics and Esthetic Dentistry)
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
1. A REVIEW OF GLASS-IONOMERS: FROM
CONVENTIONAL GLASS-IONOMER TO BIOACTIVE
GLASS-IONOMER (2013)
Maryam Khoroushi, Fateme Keshan
JOSEPH RUSSELL N. GORDA
1
3. TEXT
▸ Materials used in the body: stable and passive without any
interactions with the body tissues or fluids.
▸ Dental amalgam, composite resins and dental cements
▸ fluoride-releasing materials
▸ “smart” materials in dentistry
3
4. TEXT
▸ Advantages of GI,
▸ they can be placed in cavities without any need for
bonding agents;
▸ they also have good biocompatibility.
▸ Disadvantages
▸ lack of sufficient strength and toughness.
▸ flexural strength: RMGI (71 MPa), conventional GI (11
MPa).
4
5. TEXT
▸ Resin-modifed glass-ionomers (RMGI) have improved
mechanical properties of the conventional GI, with
hydrophilic monomers and polymers, such as hydroxyethyl
methacrylate (HEMA).
▸ Bioactive glass (BAG) has been added to GI structure to
improve bioactivity and tooth regeneration capacity.
▸ There is ever-increasing interest in the application of
bioactive materials in the dental field in an attempt to
remineralize affected dentin.
5
6. TEXT
SMART MATERIALS IN DENTISTRY
▸ Smart materials can change their behavior in response
to various stimuli
▸ piezoelectric materials
▸ Shape memory alloys
▸ pH-sensitive polymers
▸ Polymer gels
6
7. TEXT
▸ Smart behavior in GICs;
‣ do not undergo great dimensional changes in a
moist environment in response to heat or cold and it
appears heating results only in water movement
within the structure of the material.
‣ noticeable shrinkage in a dry environment at T: >
50°C, similar to the behavior of dentin.
‣ fluoride release and recharge capacity.
7
8. TEXT
HISTORY OF GICS
▸ Ideal tooth restoration material:
‣ Adhesion to tooth structure (enamel and dentin)
‣ Capacity to withstand pressure resulting from occlusion
▸ During 1950s, Researchers aim was to produce a material
with thermal, mechanical, and optical properties
comparable to those of tooth structure
▸ Initial attempts to improve silicate cement properties.
8
10. TEXT
GLASS POLYALKENOATE CEMENTS (LATE 1960S)
▸ First GIC
▸ Increased aluminum-to-silica ratio in the powder - increased reactivity
of glass
▸ ASPA (polyalkenoic acid alumina silicate cement) + calcium-alumina
silicate glass system
▸ Tartaric acid - positive isomer improves manipulation properties of
cement and its setting time
▸ Calcium flux - forms superficial bond
▸ Fluoride flux - prevents oxidation
10
11. TEXT
▸ Fluoride is released after mixing of powder with the
polyalkenoic acid.
‣ Decreases melting point
‣ Increases cement strength
‣ Improves manipulation properties of cement
‣ Cariostatic effect
▸ Calcium and phosphate ions are also released
▸ Strontium and Calcium replace each other, deep penetration to
de mineralized dentin - possibility of dentin remineralization
11
13. TEXT
▸ The role of tartaric acid
Addition of tartaric acid (+)
increases the working time and
improves the setting reaction of
the cement, resulting in easier and
better manipulation of the cement.
13
14. TEXT
▸ Mechanical properties
▸ LP ratio
▸ cohesive forces, which keep the matrix compressed are composed of
ionic cross-links, convolutions, and interlocking of chains and hydrogen
bridges.
▸ Unreacted glass particles remain - decrease in mechanical properties of the
cement.
▸ Greater consistency = stronger
▸ ⬆Powder amount - ⬆consistency - accelerated setting reaction - cement
becomes stronger
▸ If matrix does not bind fully to the cement, mechanical properties will
significantly decrease.
14
15. TEXT
▸ Aging:
▸ GIC - weak after setting, not stable in water
▸ Becomes stronger with the progression of rxn, more
resistant to moisture
▸ 200 MPa after 24 h -> 400 MPa after a year
▸ Al cation - ⬆ rigidity and stiffness of the matrix
15
17. TEXT
CLASSIFICATION OF GI
▸ Type I: Lutting cement for crowns, bridges, and orthodontic brackets
▸ Type II a: Esthetic restorative cement
▸ b: Reinforced restorative cement
▸ Type III: Liner and base.
▸ Type IV: PFS
▸ Type V: Luting for orthodontic purpose
▸ Type VI: Core buildup material
▸ Type VII: High fluoride releasing command set
▸ Type VIII: ART
▸ Type IX: Pediatric GIC
17
18. TEXT
FIRST GENERATION
▸ ASPA I - not very active, did not set fast, was very moist-
sensitive and had low translucency
▸ ASPA II - I tartaric acid, had better properties and was the
first GI with practical applications
18
20. TEXT
▸ Factors influencing fluoride release from restorative materials:
▸ matrix formulation,
▸ filler, and
▸ fluoride content.
▸ experimental factors such as the
▸ storage environment,
▸ number and frequency of changing the preserving solution,
▸ composition and pH of saliva,
▸ formation of plaque and pellicle,
▸ powder-to-liquid ratio,
▸ mixing,
▸ curing time and
▸ the exposed surface.
20
22. TEXT
BIOMATERIALS AND BIOACTIVE GLASSES
▸ Toxicity
▸ Nearly biological inert
▸ Bioresorbability
▸ Bioactivity
▸ Group A - induces both Intracellular and extra cellular
responses
▸ Group B - only extra cellular response
22
23. TEXT
BAG
▸ When BAG is immersed in aqueous solutions such as
body fluids, simulated body fluid, (SBF) or tris buffer
solution, (TBS) three main processes take place:
▸ Leaching and formation of silanols - releases alkaline
agents (replace H ions H30
▸ Dissolution of the glass network - breakdown of-Si-O-Si-
O-Si-bonds
▸ Precipitation
23
24. TEXT
NEW GENERATION OF BIOMATERIALS (THIRD GENERATION)
▸ The aim is tissue regeneration and use of the
biomaterial in the form of a powder or solution is to
induce local tissue repair. These bioactive materials
release chemical agents in the form of dissolved ions
or growth factors such as bone morhogenic protein,
which stimulate and activate cells. The cells produce
more growth factors, which induce cell proliferation
and regeneration
24
26. TEXT
▸ In recent decade there has been increasing attention
to the use of “smart” bioactive materials in dentistry,
especially with the aim of remineralizing dentin. In
some recent studies, BAG has been incorporated into
GI composition to improve bioactivity and tooth
regeneration and reconstruction capacity. It appears
researchers all over the world should pay more
attention to improve the characteristics of these
materials, particularly in an attempt to control the
prevalence of primary and recurrent caries.
26