This project is study of Self-healing behaviour of concrete which deals with
mechanical properties of concrete is widely used to improve the durability of the
concrete. Self-healing concrete is a product that will chemically produce hydrates to
heal the cracks that appear on the surface of concrete structures. In self-healing
process healing agent absorbs the moisture content present in atmosphere to heal.
This process enhanced mechanical properties of concrete. Superabsorbent polymers
(SAPs) are materials that have the ability to absorb and retain large volumes of water
and aqueous solutions. SAP is now a mature product that has quickly progressed from
specialty chemical to special commodity. Sodium silicate is used as SAP chemical
admixtures as well as self-healing agent for concrete. Sodium silicate in liquid form at
2% is mixed with concrete based on previous work. As per IS 10262 : 2009, M40
grade concrete mix design is derived for both control and SAP concrete and
specimens are prepared for compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural
strength. At age of 7, 14, and 28 and 56 days, tests are conducted to determine the
compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths. The specimen are also pre-cracked
on 28th day and re-cured for 28 days to undergo rapid self-healing process. On 56th
day, they are tested for determining the recovery of strengths. The effect of 2%
sodium silicate on the strength and the healing property of concrete is studied by
determining the self-healing efficiency.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF NANO SILICA ON THE SELF HEALING ABILITY OF HIGH STRENG...IAEME Publication
The aim of this study is analyzing the self-healing capability of high strength concrete (M70) with nano silica and crystalline admixture in three types of environmental exposures i.e. water immersion, wet/dry cycles and water contact. The percentage replacements of cement with nano silica were 1%, 2%, 3% with addition of 1.1% crystalline admixture. The specimens were pre-cracked at 28 days in the range of 0.10-0.40mm and the time set for healing was 42 days. The result shows that all the mixes have considerable amount of closing ability and strength regaining capacity for all exposure conditions. The concrete with 2% nano silica and 1.1% crystalline admixture (CA) has complete crack closing ability and strength regaining capacity for water immersion and wet/dry cycle conditions.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF NANO SILICA ON THE SELF HEALING ABILITY OF HIGH STRENG...IAEME Publication
The aim of this study is analyzing the self-healing capability of high strength concrete (M70) with nano silica and crystalline admixture in three types of environmental exposures i.e. water immersion, wet/dry cycles and water contact. The percentage replacements of cement with nano silica were 1%, 2%, 3% with addition of 1.1% crystalline admixture. The specimens were pre-cracked at 28 days in the range of 0.10-0.40mm and the time set for healing was 42 days. The result shows that all the mixes have considerable amount of closing ability and strength regaining capacity for all exposure conditions. The concrete with 2% nano silica and 1.1% crystalline admixture (CA) has complete crack closing ability and strength regaining capacity for water immersion and wet/dry cycle conditions.
Slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) is a recently developed construction material using steel fibres and cement matrix. The matrix consists of cement slurry and infiltration is usually accomplished by gravity flow. SIFCON is the combination of cement, fibre and water with some admixtures. SIFCON has both high strength as well as large ductility. The properties of SIFCON are achieved through an optimized combination of matrix properties, fibre content and interface characteristics between fibre and matrix. This experiment is carried out to study the compressive strength, flexural strength of SIFCON. The results are then compared with that of Conventional Concrete and Fibre Reinforced Concrete.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Pervious concrete is one of the most promising sustainable materials now a days.
Pervious concrete is a zero slump, open graded material consisting of hydraulic
cement, coarse aggregates, admixtures and water. It is sometimes referred to as nofines
concrete. It is a special type of concrete having a high void content and is
becoming popular due to its potential to reduce the runoff to the drainage systems.
In this paper, the behavior of pervious concrete with different sizes of coarse
aggregate is studied. Various mix proportions were prepared by using different sizes
of coarse aggregates. The properties like permeability, porosity, density, strength and
durability of pervious concrete are studied.
The water cement ratio (0.31) and aggregate cement ratio are kept constant. The
study is conducted experimentally for 7, 28 & 56 days. The mix proportion of coarse
aggregate and its effect on properties of pervious concrete are studied and
corresponding graphs are hence obtained
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
BACTERIAL CONCRETE - A SOLUTION TO CRACK FORMATIONAM Publications
Concrete is a homogenous mixture and cracks in concrete are inevitable so there is a need for repair which affects the economic life of any structure. To overcome this problem an inherent biomaterial is developed, a self-repairing material which can remediate the cracks in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a technique which is highly desirable because the calcium precipitation is induced as a result of microbial activities. This helps in increasing the strength and durability of concrete. As per the results, it is clearly observed that there is increase in compressive strength, tensile strength and durability in bacterial concrete as compared with normal concrete. This is the main objective of the bacterial concrete for which it was introduced. Various tests which are carried out to study these properties of concrete are compressive strength test, Split tensile test. Scanning Electron Microscope (S.E.M) is used to study the growth of bacteria in the concrete. It is observed that for bacterial proportion 105 cells (24 ml of bacteria in 1000ml), there is significant increase in compressive strength of the bacterial concrete i.e. around 25% increase in strength as compared with normal concrete. For this purpose bacteria used is Bacillus Subtilis.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF FLY ASH BASED BAC...AM Publications
The present investigation deals with the influence of Bacillus Subtilis bacteria on strength properties of fly ash concrete. In fly ash concrete, cement was partially replaced with 10%, 20% and 30% with fly ash by weight and optimizes the percentage of fly ash for making bacterial concrete. The bacteria Bacillus Subtilis of different cell concentrations 103, 105 and 107 cells/ml were used for making bacterial concrete. The experimental investigations were carried out for 28 and 56 days. Tests conducted include Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity. In fly ash concrete, maximum strength properties observed for 10% replacement of cement with fly ash and the percentage of fly ash is fixed as 10% for making bacterial concrete. In bacterial concrete, maximum strength properties obtained for the bacteria cell concentration of 105cells/ml. The improvement in the strength properties of fly ash concrete is due to the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the micro environment by the bacteria Bacillus Subtilis.
Slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) is a recently developed construction material using steel fibres and cement matrix. The matrix consists of cement slurry and infiltration is usually accomplished by gravity flow. SIFCON is the combination of cement, fibre and water with some admixtures. SIFCON has both high strength as well as large ductility. The properties of SIFCON are achieved through an optimized combination of matrix properties, fibre content and interface characteristics between fibre and matrix. This experiment is carried out to study the compressive strength, flexural strength of SIFCON. The results are then compared with that of Conventional Concrete and Fibre Reinforced Concrete.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Pervious concrete is one of the most promising sustainable materials now a days.
Pervious concrete is a zero slump, open graded material consisting of hydraulic
cement, coarse aggregates, admixtures and water. It is sometimes referred to as nofines
concrete. It is a special type of concrete having a high void content and is
becoming popular due to its potential to reduce the runoff to the drainage systems.
In this paper, the behavior of pervious concrete with different sizes of coarse
aggregate is studied. Various mix proportions were prepared by using different sizes
of coarse aggregates. The properties like permeability, porosity, density, strength and
durability of pervious concrete are studied.
The water cement ratio (0.31) and aggregate cement ratio are kept constant. The
study is conducted experimentally for 7, 28 & 56 days. The mix proportion of coarse
aggregate and its effect on properties of pervious concrete are studied and
corresponding graphs are hence obtained
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
BACTERIAL CONCRETE - A SOLUTION TO CRACK FORMATIONAM Publications
Concrete is a homogenous mixture and cracks in concrete are inevitable so there is a need for repair which affects the economic life of any structure. To overcome this problem an inherent biomaterial is developed, a self-repairing material which can remediate the cracks in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a technique which is highly desirable because the calcium precipitation is induced as a result of microbial activities. This helps in increasing the strength and durability of concrete. As per the results, it is clearly observed that there is increase in compressive strength, tensile strength and durability in bacterial concrete as compared with normal concrete. This is the main objective of the bacterial concrete for which it was introduced. Various tests which are carried out to study these properties of concrete are compressive strength test, Split tensile test. Scanning Electron Microscope (S.E.M) is used to study the growth of bacteria in the concrete. It is observed that for bacterial proportion 105 cells (24 ml of bacteria in 1000ml), there is significant increase in compressive strength of the bacterial concrete i.e. around 25% increase in strength as compared with normal concrete. For this purpose bacteria used is Bacillus Subtilis.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF FLY ASH BASED BAC...AM Publications
The present investigation deals with the influence of Bacillus Subtilis bacteria on strength properties of fly ash concrete. In fly ash concrete, cement was partially replaced with 10%, 20% and 30% with fly ash by weight and optimizes the percentage of fly ash for making bacterial concrete. The bacteria Bacillus Subtilis of different cell concentrations 103, 105 and 107 cells/ml were used for making bacterial concrete. The experimental investigations were carried out for 28 and 56 days. Tests conducted include Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity. In fly ash concrete, maximum strength properties observed for 10% replacement of cement with fly ash and the percentage of fly ash is fixed as 10% for making bacterial concrete. In bacterial concrete, maximum strength properties obtained for the bacteria cell concentration of 105cells/ml. The improvement in the strength properties of fly ash concrete is due to the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the micro environment by the bacteria Bacillus Subtilis.
Development of normal strength and high strength self curing concrete using s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
As water is becoming a scarce material day-by-day, there is an urgent need to do research work pertaining to saving of water in making concrete and in constructions. Curing of concrete is maintaining satisfactory moisture content in concrete during its early stages in order to develop the desired properties. However, good curing is not always practical in many cases. Curing of concrete plays a major role in developing the concrete microstructure and pore structure and hence improves its durability and performance. Keeping importance to this, an attempt has been made to develop self curing concrete by using Super Absorbing Polymers as self curing agents. Compressive strength of concrete containing self curing agents is investigated and compared with conventionally cured concrete. Self curing agent increases the water retention capacity of the concrete by reducing evaporation of water from concrete.
In this investigation, workability and strength characteristics of Normal Strength and High Strength Concrete, cast with the self curing agents have been studied and compared with the corresponding conventionally cured concrete. For the Normal Strength Self Curing Concrete of grade M20, M30 and M40, IS method of mix design was adopted. Mix proportions of High Strength Self Curing concrete of grade M60, M70 and M80 were obtained based on the guidelines given in modified ACI 211 method suggested by P.C.AITCIN. Super plasticizer dosage was varied with grade of concrete. Trial dosages of 0.8%, 1% and 1.2% of the weight of cement were used for M60, M70 and M80 grades of concrete respectively. Two self curing agents have been tried, out of which one has been found to be very effective. Trial dosage of 0.25% and 0.3% of the weight of cement was used for normal strength concrete and trial dosage of 0.4% of the weight of cement was used for High Strength Concrete. From the workability test results, it was found that the self curing agent has improved workability. It is found that concrete with this self curing agent gives more strength than that of the conventionally cured concrete. Also the percentage saving in cost of water has been found out and hence Self Curing Concrete holds economical.
Keywords: Self curing concrete, Self curing agents, Normal strength concrete, High strength concrete, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), Super plasticizers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. Manoj Kumaar. C and Dr. Mageswari. M
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 203 editor@iaeme.com
Keywords: self-healing, super absorbent polymer, sodium silicate, crack, mechanical
properties.
Cite this Article: Manoj Kumaar. C and Dr. Mageswari. M, Recovery of Mechanical
Properties of Self-Healing Concrete Using Super Absorbent Polymer (Sap),
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(02), 2019, pp. 202–
210
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=02
1. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a basic material which most commonly used building material in the world. It is
available in various features and properties. It is durable and recyclable product and also
inexpensive material. Unfortunately, concrete is susceptible to many source of damage. Crack
is mostly considered as damage to the concrete. Crack can be formed interior which cannot
be seen and also exterior at any stage of their life span. Cracks is caused by extreme loads,
present other particles, present of air and water voids, improper method, placing and curing
of concrete, corrosion and other environmental conditions. Cracks can form at any stage of its
life and most begin internally where they cannot be seen for years until major repairs are
needed.
Now a day’s life span of concrete is very low. The lower sustainability of concrete is the
worldwide problem. The production of concrete is an energy-intensive process where mining,
transportation and processing is considered. To avoid concrete failure damage, deterioration,
structural integrity, replacement and repair are conventionally monitored through routine
inspection.
Self-healing has been observed in traditional, fibrous and self-compacting concrete. The
self-healing concrete now possesses the quality to repair itself and thus increases the
sustainability of concrete. Consequently, this concept will save a lot of money, keeping in
mind the 80 years future prospectus. The technique is well experimented and is also called
Bio concrete. Self-healing cracks in one of phenomenon also acting positively in durability
problem of cracks.
The major steps involved in the process of healing are
The hydration of unhydrated cement particles.
The precipitation of calcium carbonate hydrates in cracks.
SAPs are polymeric materials that have the ability to absorb a large amount of liquid from
the surroundings and retain it within their structure. SAPs are mainly developed for
absorption of aqueous solutions and, in extreme cases, they may have a water uptake of 5000
times their own weight. Standard, industrial-quality SAPs typically have water absorption
and they can be produced in almost any size and shape. SAPs belong to the group of so-called
smart materials that, in a controlled way, significantly change their properties in response to
an external stimulus. When SAPs are exposed to water, they swell, and when subsequently
subjected to drying, they reversibly shrink. These key properties can actively be used in
relation to concrete.
Based on the volume fraction, the particle size distribution and the expansion model of
unhydrated cement nuclei, a model was proposed to determine the self-healing efficiency of
cracks created by two different modes – splitting crack mode and dome like crack mode1
.
Engineered Cementitious Composite Beams with 4% SAP are deflected up to 3mm to form
the parallel cracks. These cracks were observed to selfheal completely with the healing
3. Recovery of Mechanical Properties of Self-Healing Concrete Using Super Absorbent Polymer
(Sap)
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 204 editor@iaeme.com
products like calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxides2
. Glass tubes of 16 mm diameter and
125 mm length, filled with aqueous sodium silicate are embedded in concrete. During the
formation of cracks, these tubes break and release the sodium silicate, which reacts with
calcium hydroxide to form the CSH gel3
. The self-healing mechanism can be achieved by
three different systems, namely – capsule based healing system, vascular healing system and
intrinsic healing system. The capsule based healing system seizes after healing of cracks in a
single damage event. Vascular healing system heals the cracks over multiple damage events
but integrating it with the existing material system is difficult. Intrinsic healing systems are
simple and heal the cracks formed during small damage events4
. The self-healing engineered
cementitous composites ECC could reduce the maintenance costs and allow for more
sustainable development in the future by decreasing the amount of resources and energy
required for manufacturing cement. ECC specimens were monitored using resonant
frequency and mechanical reloading after subsequent damages. The rate and extent of self-
healing in the natural environment were determined. The recovery of strength and stiffness
was more than 100% after exposing the self-healing concrete to the natural environment for 6
months5
. A self-repairable concrete of M30 grade was prepared using 2% of capsules with
sodium silicate by weight of cement. The cracks in cube specimens are healed after 28 days
of re-curing. The capsules did not cause any change in the compressive strength. Thus, the
concrete can have very long life span as the reinforcement bars are protected from corrosion
by healing the cracks6
. The effect of cementitious hollow tubes filled with sodium silicate and
rhodamine B as colouring agent were used in a proportion of 1.6% by volume. It didn’t
influence the compressive strength. Potassium silicate solution was also used as healing agent
but not effective as sodium silicate. The extent of self-healing was measured by determining
the load recovery index and stiffness recovery index7
. A polymer composite material was
developed with micro-capsules which have the ability to recover up to 90% of its virgin
fracture toughness. The concentration of micro-capsules filled with DPCD monomer was
10wt%8
. The healing rate of concrete beams with 5% double walled microcapsules was
higher than those with 2.5% microcapsules. The healing process was monitored and
quantified using portable ultrasonic non-destructive digital indicating tester9
. The healing
agent particles were protected in concrete, from getting soluble in water during mixing and
leaching, by coating them with geolpolymers like metakaolin, sodium silicate and sodium
aluminate10
. The optimum use of sodium polyacrylates as super absorbent polymers has
improved the properties in both fresh and hardened stage. The gels act as cushion for large
aggregates and prevent them from segregation. It has also improved the frost resistance of
hardened concrete. The SAP has reported to increase the workability of fresh concrete mix11
.
2. METHOD
The M40 grade concrete for Control mix and SAP concrete are designed as per IS 10262:
2009. The ratio for control concrete is 1:1.80:2.93 and SAP concrete is 1:1.76:2.91. The
water cement ratio is 0.43. Aqueous sodium silicate of 2% by weight of cement is adopted.
Casting of control and SAP concrete each 15 no. of cubes of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm, 15 no.
of cylinders of size 150 x 300 mm and 15 no. of prisms of size 150 x 150 x 700 mm are
carried out and cured. The compression, split tensile and flexural strength for both control
and SAP specimens are determined on 7, 14, 28 and 56th
days. The pre- cracks are induced
for both control and SAP specimens on 28th
day by applying load gradually.
Re-curing is done for the cracked specimen for 28 days for triggering the self-healing process for
both control and SAP concrete. Self-healed specimens are tested for determining the recovery of
mechanical properties on 56th
day
4. Manoj Kumaar. C and Dr. Mageswari. M
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 205 editor@iaeme.com
2.1. Materials
The materials used in the experimental work are
2.1.1. Cement
Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade and specific gravity of 3.15 is used.
2.1.2. Fine aggregate
Fine aggregate of specific gravity 2.65 and size 1.76 mm is used.
2.1.3. Coarse aggregate
Coarse aggregate of specific gravity 2.61 and size 20 mm and 12.5 mm.
2.1.4. Sodium silicate
Sodium silicate is used whose density is 1.6 g/cm3
and pH should in the range of 8-13. The
industrial beginnings of sodium silicate start in 1818 but references to making sodium silicate
like products can be traced back as far as the ancient Phoenicians. One reason for the early
development of soluble silicate was the relatively simple process for manufacturing it.
Sodium silicates are manufactured by fusing sand (SiO2) with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) at
1100-1200°C. The resulting glass can be dissolved with high pressure steam to form a clear,
slightly viscous liquid known as “water glass”. The liquids can also be spray-dried to form
quick dissolving, hydrous powders. Dissolved or liquid silicates are the most popular
commercial form of sodium silicate for agglomeration applications, although there are
occasions when hydrous powders or ground glass are better suited. Sodium silicate acts as
super absorbent polymer as well as self-healing agent. Based on the previous work, SAP is
added at 2% by weight of cement.
2.1.5. Water
Water used in concrete whose pH value less than 6, and potable is used.
3. STANDARD TESTS
3.1. Workability test
The slump cone test is used to measure the workability. According to IS 7320: 1974 the
slump cone test is conducted. The decrease in height of concrete to that of mould is noted
with measuring scale.
For control concrete (CC) Slump = 300 - 295 = 5 mm.
For SAP concrete (SAPC) Slump = 300 - 293 = 7 mm.
The type of slump is true slump for both control and SAP concrete. The SAPC is more
workable compared to CC.
3.2. Compression strength test
Compressive strength is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to
reduce size, as opposed to tensile strength, which withstands loads tending to elongate. In
other words, compressive strength resists compression (being pushed together), whereas
tensile strength resists tension (being pulled apart). By reference of IS 516: 1959 compression
strength test is conducted in cubes.
5. Recovery of Mechanical Properties of Self-Healing Concrete Using Super Absorbent Polymer
(Sap)
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 206 editor@iaeme.com
3.3. Split tensile strength test
The resistance of a material to longitudinal stress, measured by the minimum amount of
longitudinal stress required to rupture the material. By reference of IS 516: 1959 split tensile
strength test is conducted in cylinder.
3.4. Flexural strength test
Flexural tests are generally used to determine the flexural modulus or flexural strength of a
material. A flexural test is more affordable than a tensile test and test results are slightly
different. The material is laid horizontally over two points of contact (lower support span)
and then a force is applied to the top of the material through either one or two points of
contact (upper loading span) until the sample fails. The maximum recorded force is used in
calculating the flexural strength of that particular sample. In this test, two point loading is
preferred. By reference of IS 9399 : 1979 and IS 516 : 1959 flexural strength test is
conducted in prism.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The test results for compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths at the age of 7th
, 14th
, 28th
and 56th
days, Stress applied to induce cracks on 28th
day and Strengths of healed specimens
on 56th
day are displayed in table 1 and also graphically represented in fig 1, 2 and 3. The %
difference in strength of SAPC specimens with respect to CC specimens are also shown in
the table 1. The compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths of SAPC are slightly lesser
than that of CC on 7th
, 14th
and 28th
days due to decreased rate of hydration and more voids
caused by sodium silicate in SAPC. As a result of decreased rate of hydration, the presence of
unhydrated cement particles is relative more compared to CC. The strengths are found to be
enhanced in SAPC specimen compared to CC on 56th
day. It signifies that the hydration
process has been continued between the unhydrated cement particles and the water in SAPC
unlike CC. The strengths are found to be enhanced in SAPC pre-cracked specimen compared
to CC on 56th
day. This is because of precipitation of more calcium hydroxide in the cracked
portions in SAPC specimens compared to that of CC specimens.
Figure 1 Compressive strength of cube specimens
6. Manoj Kumaar. C and Dr. Mageswari. M
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 207 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 2 Split tensile strength of cylinders
Figure 3 Flexural strength of prisms
Table 1 :
Results of
Compressive,
Split tensile
and Flexural
StrengthsStres
s level
Age
(days)
Compressive strength
(MPa)
Split tensile strength
(MPa)
Flexural strength
(MPa)
CC SAPC
%
difference
wrt CC
CC SAPC
%
difference
wrt CC
CC SAPC
%
difference
wrt CC
Ultimate 7 32.55 29.13 -10.5 1.85 1.71 -7.6 4.82 4.35 -9.8
Ultimate 14 36.45 34.24 -6.1 2.35 2.2 -6.4 5.14 4.96 -3.5
Ultimate 28 41.18 40.29 -2.2 2.62 2.53 -3.4 5.86 5.75 -1.9
Ultimate 56 42.65 43.46 1.9 2.8 2.86 2.1 6.13 6.22 1.5
Pre-cracking 28 22.37 21.29 -4.8 2.19 2.07 -5.5 2.92 2.44 -16.4
Ultimate
(after
Healing)
56 40.85 42.51 4.1 2.74 2.83 3.3 5.21 5.82 11.7
The self-healing efficiencies of cubes, cylinders and prisms in closing their cracks due to
compression, tension and bending respectively are calculated using the equation2
mentioned
below
Self-Healing Efficiency, η = x 100
7. Recovery of Mechanical Properties of Self-Healing Concrete Using Super Absorbent Polymer
(Sap)
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 208 editor@iaeme.com
Table 2 : Self
Healing
efficiency of
CC and SAPC
samplesType of
cracks
Mix
Strength
of virgin
specimen
(MPa)
Strength
of healed
specimen
(MPa)
Pre-
cracking
Stress
(MPa)
Self-
healing
Efficiency
η
% η
difference
with
respect to
CC
Compression
CC 42.65 40.85 22.37 91.1243
SAPC 43.46 42.51 21.29 95.7149 5.0
Tension
CC 2.8 2.74 2.19 90.1639
SAPC 2.86 2.83 2.07 96.2025 6.7
Bending
CC 6.13 5.21 2.92 71.3396
SAPC 6.22 5.82 2.44 89.418 25.3
The self-healing efficiencies of SAPC are higher than that of CC. It can be observed that
the cracks due to compression and tension in cubes and cylinders are healed much better than
those due to bending in prisms.
Figure 4 Cracks developed in CC sample on 28th
day
Figure 5 Poorly healed cracks in CC sample
8. Manoj Kumaar. C and Dr. Mageswari. M
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 209 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 6 Cracks developed in SAPC sample on 28th
day
Figure 7 Well healed cracks in SAPC sample – showing the deposits of healing products.
However, the SAPC prisms have healed its cracks exceptionally than the CC prisms did.
The pre-cracks induced in CC and SAPC samples on 28th
day are shown in fig 4 and 6
respectively.
In order to maintain the severity of damage, cubes and prisms are stressed around 50 % of
their ultimate strengths and cylinders are tensioned around 80% of its ultimate tensile
strength on 28th
day. The extent of cracks healed after 28 days of pre-cracking in CC and
SAP samples are shown in fig 5 and 7 respectively.
5. CONCLUSION
The mechanical properties are found to be enhanced in SAP concrete specimen
compared to control concrete after self-healing period of 28 days i.e., at the age of
56th
day.
It is evident that the self-healing has been advanced in SAP concrete specimen
compared to control concrete specimen as observed from the self-healing
efficiency of mechanical properties.
9. Recovery of Mechanical Properties of Self-Healing Concrete Using Super Absorbent Polymer
(Sap)
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 210 editor@iaeme.com
It signifies that the usage of sodium silicate as SAP has triggered the self-healing
mechanism in SAP concrete.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai
and National Test House, Chennai for helping to conduct the experimental work and
testing.
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[7] Alessandra Formia, Sara Irico, Federica Bertola, FulvioCanonico, Paola Antonaci, Nicola
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