This document discusses the evolving demands on engine oils in Asia due to changing emissions legislation, increased fuel economy requirements, and more severe operating conditions. Emissions regulations are driving new engine designs and aftertreatment systems. Engine oils must now provide improved fuel economy, meet emissions standards, and ensure durability under harsh conditions. The Asian market for engine oils is highly fragmented with varying fuel qualities, biodiesel usage, operating environments, and vehicle types. As a result, formulations need to be tailored to specific applications and meet diverse performance needs across the region.
2010 Toyota Camry brochure provided Bob Moran’s Acton Toyota Scion of Littleton located near Boston, MA. Find the 2010 Toyota Camry for sale in Massachusetts; call about our current sales and incentives at (800) 530-1079.
Acton Toyota is a leading dealer for new, used, and Toyota Certified cars, trucks, and SUVs in Massachusetts. Customers from all over New England, Boston, Nashua, Framingham, metro west, Westford, Chelmsford, Lancaster, Danvers, Watertown, Westborough, and Lexington will find a large inventory of Toyota vehicles like Prius, Avalon, Camry, Camry Hybrid, Highlander, Highlander Hybrid, Land Cruiser, Matrix, RAV4, 4Runner, Sequoia, Tundra, Venza, Yaris, Solara, Corolla, Tacoma, Sienna, Scion, & others.
2010 Toyota Camry color brochure provided by Pohanka Toyota of Salisbury located in Salisbury, MD. Find the 2010 Toyota Camry for sale in Maryland; call about our current sales and incentives at (866) 547-3989. http://www.pohankatoyotamd.com/
2010 Toyota Camry Hybrid color brochure provided by Pohanka Toyota of Salisbury located in Salisbury, MD. Find the 2010 Toyota Camry Hybrid for sale in Maryland; call about our current sales and incentives at (866) 547-3989. http://www.pohankatoyotamd.com/
2010 Toyota Camry brochure provided by Heyward Allen Toyota located in Athens, GA. Find the 2010 Toyota Camry for sale in Georgia; call about our current sales and incentives at (888)777-0611. http://www.heywardallentoyota.com/
2010 Royal Palm Toyota Camry Royal Palm Beach FLPalmBeachToyota
2010 Toyota Camry brochure provided by Royal Palm Toyota located in Royal Palm Beach, FL. Find the 2010 Toyota Camry for sale in Florida; call about our current sales and incentives at (888)908-TOYO. http://www.royalpalmtoyota.com/
2010 Toyota Camry brochure provided Bob Moran’s Acton Toyota Scion of Littleton located near Boston, MA. Find the 2010 Toyota Camry for sale in Massachusetts; call about our current sales and incentives at (800) 530-1079.
Acton Toyota is a leading dealer for new, used, and Toyota Certified cars, trucks, and SUVs in Massachusetts. Customers from all over New England, Boston, Nashua, Framingham, metro west, Westford, Chelmsford, Lancaster, Danvers, Watertown, Westborough, and Lexington will find a large inventory of Toyota vehicles like Prius, Avalon, Camry, Camry Hybrid, Highlander, Highlander Hybrid, Land Cruiser, Matrix, RAV4, 4Runner, Sequoia, Tundra, Venza, Yaris, Solara, Corolla, Tacoma, Sienna, Scion, & others.
2010 Toyota Camry color brochure provided by Pohanka Toyota of Salisbury located in Salisbury, MD. Find the 2010 Toyota Camry for sale in Maryland; call about our current sales and incentives at (866) 547-3989. http://www.pohankatoyotamd.com/
2010 Toyota Camry Hybrid color brochure provided by Pohanka Toyota of Salisbury located in Salisbury, MD. Find the 2010 Toyota Camry Hybrid for sale in Maryland; call about our current sales and incentives at (866) 547-3989. http://www.pohankatoyotamd.com/
2010 Toyota Camry brochure provided by Heyward Allen Toyota located in Athens, GA. Find the 2010 Toyota Camry for sale in Georgia; call about our current sales and incentives at (888)777-0611. http://www.heywardallentoyota.com/
2010 Royal Palm Toyota Camry Royal Palm Beach FLPalmBeachToyota
2010 Toyota Camry brochure provided by Royal Palm Toyota located in Royal Palm Beach, FL. Find the 2010 Toyota Camry for sale in Florida; call about our current sales and incentives at (888)908-TOYO. http://www.royalpalmtoyota.com/
Petron Group LLP Environmental, Social, Governance Q1 2016 case studyPetron Group LLP
Petron Group LLP is a global private Equity Firm that invests in private equity, Debt, Power Generation, Infrastructure,Technology,Agriculture, mine resources, and manufacturing companies in US, Europe, Asia, and SSA. The firm manages a broad range of investment programs for Institutional Investors such as family offices, endowments, funds of funds, ultra high net worth investors, and Large companies who wants direct exposure to private markets assets.
Petron Group is headquartered in Harrisburg, PA, has been one of the leading providers of institutional capital to the global energy industry. The firm’s deep sector expertise and internal technical capabilities allow Petron Group LLP to engineer creative solutions for our partners in complex situations.
The casino and online gaming market to 2015
Introduction: about this study 2
Executive summary: key trends 4
Part I: Casino gaming 6
Global overview 7
United States 8
EMEA 12
Asia Pacific 16
Latin America 20
Canada 22
Part II: Online gaming 24
The elephant in the room 25
Regulating within borders: an interim step 27
Emerging change drivers 34
The global market in 2015—region by region 36
Conclusion 38
World Class Benchmarking: Petron Corporation is the largest oil refining company in the Philippines, and also a leader in the downstream oil industry.
Learn more at: http://becomeabetterinvestor.net/blog/petron-corporation/
Bloomberry Resorts Corp is a holding company that focuses on managing and operating high-end hotel & casino complexes in the Philippines and South Korea.
While 2014 was a fantastic year for BLOOM, the company has fallen to the lowest ranking for profitable growth the last two years under Razon’s leadership.
Learn more at: http://becomeabetterinvestor.net/blog/placing-your-bets-on-bloomberry-resorts/
Strategic Marketing creates opportunities for those who expect and prepare for the inevitable change and wreaks havoc on those who dont. The 21st Century Filipino needs to survive and thrive these disasters of change.
Petron Group LLP Environmental, Social, Governance Q1 2016 case studyPetron Group LLP
Petron Group LLP is a global private Equity Firm that invests in private equity, Debt, Power Generation, Infrastructure,Technology,Agriculture, mine resources, and manufacturing companies in US, Europe, Asia, and SSA. The firm manages a broad range of investment programs for Institutional Investors such as family offices, endowments, funds of funds, ultra high net worth investors, and Large companies who wants direct exposure to private markets assets.
Petron Group is headquartered in Harrisburg, PA, has been one of the leading providers of institutional capital to the global energy industry. The firm’s deep sector expertise and internal technical capabilities allow Petron Group LLP to engineer creative solutions for our partners in complex situations.
The casino and online gaming market to 2015
Introduction: about this study 2
Executive summary: key trends 4
Part I: Casino gaming 6
Global overview 7
United States 8
EMEA 12
Asia Pacific 16
Latin America 20
Canada 22
Part II: Online gaming 24
The elephant in the room 25
Regulating within borders: an interim step 27
Emerging change drivers 34
The global market in 2015—region by region 36
Conclusion 38
World Class Benchmarking: Petron Corporation is the largest oil refining company in the Philippines, and also a leader in the downstream oil industry.
Learn more at: http://becomeabetterinvestor.net/blog/petron-corporation/
Bloomberry Resorts Corp is a holding company that focuses on managing and operating high-end hotel & casino complexes in the Philippines and South Korea.
While 2014 was a fantastic year for BLOOM, the company has fallen to the lowest ranking for profitable growth the last two years under Razon’s leadership.
Learn more at: http://becomeabetterinvestor.net/blog/placing-your-bets-on-bloomberry-resorts/
Strategic Marketing creates opportunities for those who expect and prepare for the inevitable change and wreaks havoc on those who dont. The 21st Century Filipino needs to survive and thrive these disasters of change.
Study on Performance and Emission Characteristics of four Stroke Single Cylin...AM Publications
In this experimental study, the performance and emission characteristics are investigated on a single cylinder, four stroke petrol (spark ignition) engine at speed variation from 1500 to 3000 RPM and maintaining a constant load of 1 kW. Engine is fuelled with different percentage of ethanol and addition of dimethyl carbonate in petrol.For this study, blends of ethanol with petrol (E5, E10, E15) and with adding dimethyl carbonate to ethanol are used as a test fuels making petrol as a reference fuel.The results shows improvement in performance and emission characteristics for ethanol test fuels over engine run on petrol. Among tested samples, E10 test fuel delivers 10.57% and 20.44% increase in brake power and brake thermal efficiency and 14.55% lower fuel consumption than engine run on petrol. All test fuels shows reduction in exhaust emissions over engine run on petrol. It is observed that dimethyl carbonate (DMC) added tested samples shows maximum reduction in exhaust emissions because of the presence of more oxygen content. Among ethanol test fuels, at high speed (3000 RPM) E15 DMC test fuel delivers 87.10%, 65.79% and 84.37% reduction in carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrocarbons (HC) emissions than engine run on petrol.And also decrease in NOX emission for all ethanol test fuels.Therefore, E10 test fuels are better replacement of petrol when engine operating at high engine speeds.
American Power Group - APG Turbocharged Natural Gas System: Diesel Dual Fuel ...Wisconsin Clean Cities
Steve Majkowski, American Power Group, presents on the company's available heavy-duty CNG conversion at the Wisconsin Natural Gas for Transportation Roundtable on January 29, 2013.
F2-21 eOctane is a highly concentrated fuel additive utilizing high-tech liquid nanotechnology. Inside the fuel tank, F2-21 eOctane builds an exceptionally stable three dimensional lattice structure consisting of sub-microscopic nano-clusters, all evenly distributed within the fuel. These F2-21 nano-clusters are physically, chemically, or catalytically active depending on the stage of the combustion cycle.When F2-21 eOctane nano-clusters reach the engine and begin to burn in the combustion chamber, they rapidly gain heat and literally explode into steam. These steam explosions generate two very significant benefits: Larger liquid fuel droplets are broken down into smaller and more readily vaporized sizes.Increased turbulence improves localized mixing of air/fuel vapor.When exploding nano-clusters reach the surfaces of the engine combustion chambers, they create a very gentle steam cleaning action that steadily removes any accumulated deposits. A clean combustion chamber gives cooler combustion, lower emissions, cleaner lubricating oil, and reduced engine octane requirement.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdf
09 lubrizol, jason chong
1. Passenger Car and Heavy-Duty
Diesel Oil Performance Demands
and Evolutions
– An Asian Perspectives
Indonesia Fuel & Lubes Conference 2007, Jakarta
Monday 26th & Tuesday 27th November 2007
Jason Chong
Product Manager, Engine Oil
4. Engine Oil Market Drivers
There are 3 main factors affecting the engine oil
market:
1. Changing emissions legislation
2. Increased fuel economy requirements
3. Durability under severe operating conditions
5. Global Need to Focus on Air Quality
§ Widespread analysis indicates that urban air pollution in Asia
has and will continue to cause ill health.
§ Global estimates indicate that annually 220,000-570,000
deaths are associated to airborne particulate matter.
§ Other direct and indirect effects of
particulates and oxides of carbon,
nitrogen and sulfur are affecting
the global environment.
§ Globally, there is a range of emissions
limits.
6. Global Emission and Lubricant Structure
North America Europe Asia
EPA driven EU driven Country specific
Passenger car ACEA: Strong 2- wheeler
motor oil - ILSAC Passenger car – market
GF-4 A/B,C
§ Fuel economy § Diesel oil/ motor oil Euro norms are a
§ Durability § Durability common base
§ Fuel economy
Heavy-duty diesel Heavy-duty diesel - E API focused
- API CJ-4 § SCR and DPF
§ DPF focus § Durability Japan
§ Durability GF-4, DL-1, DH-2
7. Overview of Legislation Introduction - AP
E1 - Euro 1 E3 - Euro 3
E2 - Euro 2 E4 - Euro 4
Vietnam E1
Thailand E1 E2 E3 E4
Taipei
Sri Lanka
Singapore E1 E2 E4
China E1 E2 E4
Philippines E1
Nepal E1
Malaysia E1 E2
Indonesia E2
India E1 E2 E3 E4
Hong Kong E1 E2 E3 E4
Cambodia
Bangladesh
Australia E2 E3 E4
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
8. Fuel Economy
Over the last 10 years the use of fuel-efficient
engine oils has increased dramatically
§ Demand for increased
fuel-efficient engine oils is
driven by:
§ Lower CO2 emissions
(Kyoto Protocol)
§ Lower fuel consumption
§ Lower cost of ownership
9. Durability
The performance demanded from engine oils
has increased dramatically over the past
decade
§ Increased oil drain intervals
§ Driven by reducing waste oil
§ Lowering cost of ownership
§ More severe operating conditions
§ New engine designs
§ New aftertreatment systems
§ New types of fuel (e.g., biodiesel)
§ Engine oils are required to function
under increasingly severe operating
conditions
11. Evolution of Hardware vs Emissions
Emissions legislation has led to new engine
designs and aftertreatment systems
Particulates
Engine Design
Turbochargers and
intercoolers
Fuel changes Euro I
De-NOx CAT Euro 2
Retarded injection, piston design changes
SCR EGR
Euro 3
OXICAT
CRT Euro 4
Aftertreatment NOx
12. Emissions
Impact on engine design
Euro 4 emissions legislation is leading new
engine designs and aftertreatment systems
Typical design solution Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4
Gasoline Engine design PFI PFI PFI + GDI
Aftertreatment
TWC TWC TWC
system
Diesel Engine design IDI IDI + DI DI
EGR or
Aftertreatment
- EGR EGR/DPF or
system
SCR
KEY Engine design types Aftertreatment system types
PFI Port fuel injection gasoline TWC Three-way catalyst
GDI Direct injection gasoline EGR Exhaust gas recirculation
IDI Indirect injection diesel DPF Diesel particulate filter
DI Direct injection diesel SCR Selective catalytic reduction
13. Emissions
Impact of engine oils on aftertreatment devices
A mix of data is currently being published
regarding the impact of engine oils on
aftertreatment devices
Aftertreatment device Fluid-related constraint
Ash Phosphorus Sulphur
Diesel Particulate Filter DPF ü - -
Three-way Catalyst TWC - ü -
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst DOC - ü ü
Lean NOx Catalyst LNC - - ü
NOx Adsorber NOx - - ü
Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR - ? ?
14. Impact of Elemental Restrictions
Chemical composition ranges of
heavy-duty diesel lubricants
Sulphated Ash Phosphorus Sulphur
Pre Euro 1.8% 1100-1300ppm >5000ppm
(ACEA E3 or CCMC D5)
Typical Euro 3 1.2% 1100-1300ppm >5000ppm
(ACEA E5)
Typical Euro 4
(ACEA E6) 1.0% <800ppm <3000pm
To meet the severity needs of today’s
engines, these restrictions will have a major
impact on lubricant formulation strategies
15. Increased Complexity
Throughout the “Food Chain”
Pre-Euro Euro 4
Along with hardware, engine
specifications are becoming
increasingly complex
19. A Highly Fragmented Market
AP HD Performance Tiers
100%
90% Wide range of
80%
70% performance,
60%
50% from CC to CI-4
40% PLUS and DH1/2
30%
20% in Japan
10%
0%
an
ina
ia
n
d
m
ia
a
re
pa
ia
Ind
an
es
re
iw
es
na
Ch
ys
po
Ja
Ko
ail
pin
Ta
on
ala
et
ga
Th
Vi
ilip
Ind
S.
M
Sin
Ph
CC/CD/CF CF-4 > CG-4
AP PC Performance Tiers
SF is still 100%
dominant in 90%
80%
developing 70%
60%
markets, with 50%
40%
SL/SM/GF-4 30%
in 20%
10%
Japan/Korea 0%
an
ina
Ind ia
n
d
e
ia
pa
m
rea
ia
Ind
an
or
es
iw
es
Ch
ys
tna
Ja
ap
Ko
ail
pin
Ta
on
ala
Vie
Th
ng
ilip
S.
M
Si
Ph
<SF SG/SH >SJ
20. A Highly Fragmented Market
Viscosity Grade Profile HDDO – Asia Pacific
100%
80% Monogrades are still a
staple in hotter climates
60%
40%
20%
0%
ia
an
rea
ina
sia
n
re
nd
a
a
Ind
iwa
es
ali
esi
Jap
po
Ch
Ko
lay
aila
pin
str
on
Ta
ga
Ma
Th
Au
ilip
Ind
Sin
Ph
Monogrades 15W-40 10W-30/10W-40
20W-40/20W-50 Other Multigrades
Viscosity Grade Profile PCMO – Asia Pacific
100%
Regional 80%
preferences 60%
dominate 40%
20%
0%
ia
ina
rea
ia
an
sia
an
a
re
d
es
ali
Ind
an
es
po
iw
Jap
Ch
pin
lay
Ko
str
on
ail
Ta
ga
Ma
ilip
Au
Th
Ind
Sin
Ph
Monogrades 20W-40/20W-50 15W-40
10W-30/10W-40 5W-20/5W-30 Other Multigrades
24. Different Needs Leading to Potentially
Different Vehicle Markets
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Europe USA Asia Pacific
Passenger Car Light Commercial Vehicle Heavy Trucks Buses
25. Henceforth…
§ Right product for the Right application is
important
§ For example, although diesel fuel sulfur has
reduced over time, there still need to be a focus
on TBN
§ Detergent is used not just to neutralize fuel
and oxidation related acids. It has other
functions such as piston cleanliness.
§ Concerns over alternate fuels.
§ Possibly different service intervals
26. Summary
§ Engine Oils will be required to deliver performance in
ü Extended durability
ü Fuel Economy
ü Emissions
§ Convergence of these drivers results in an increase in
the performance requirements for an engine oil
§ In Asia, a highly fragmented market will require
proper formulation of lubricant to achieve the desired
performance , taking in account all of the
requirements with regards to acid control, shear
stability, materials compatibility and compatibility
with any exhaust after-treatment