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The Bill of Rights
 Prior to the Constitution, the
U.S. operated under the Articles
of Confederation, which did not
work well at all
 To fix the issues, the Founding
Fathers created a new
document and government
structure at the Constitutional
convention in 1787
 Through a lot of work and
compromise, the constitution
was written and agreed upon by
all the delegates
But not everyone in the states wanted to adopt
the new design…
The Fight for Ratification: 1787 - 1790
• The state legislatures needed to ratify the new
Constitution in order for it to go into operation
• Article VII: Process for ratification
– Ratification: official acceptance of the document and
adoption of the provisions within it
• Required 9 of the 13 states
• Compromises made but new constitution not
immediately or universally accepted. Debate
from two main camps:
– Federalists: Pro
– Anti-Federalists: Con
The Fight for Ratification
Federalists:
• Favored a stronger central government
• Feared tyranny of the majority (rule by
self-interest)
The Federalist Papers
• Series of 85 political articles written by
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison,
and John Jay
• Supported the ratification of the
Constitution
• Argued a republican government with
separation of powers and representation
could control self-interested majorities
The Fight for Ratification
Anti-federalists:
•Favored the balance of power being with the
states
•Feared tyranny by government
•Loss of freedom, higher taxes, no power for state
laws or courts
•Argued for more clearly articulated rights
•No Bill of Rights in original Constitution
– Eventually, the federalists won and all 13 states
ratified; Rhode Island the last – on the condition that
a Bill of Rights be added
Bill of Rights
• First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution
• Largely guarantee specific rights and liberties
– Some Federalists felt unnecessary to include
• Hundreds proposed by states; 12 selected by
Congress
• 10 Ratified in 1791
– Additional clarification on limits to national
government
Bill of Rights
• First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution
• Largely guarantee specific rights and liberties
– Some Federalists felt unnecessary to include
• Hundreds proposed by states; 12 selected by
Congress
• 10 Ratified in 1791
– Additional clarification on limits to national
government

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Bill of rights

  • 1. The Bill of Rights
  • 2.  Prior to the Constitution, the U.S. operated under the Articles of Confederation, which did not work well at all  To fix the issues, the Founding Fathers created a new document and government structure at the Constitutional convention in 1787  Through a lot of work and compromise, the constitution was written and agreed upon by all the delegates But not everyone in the states wanted to adopt the new design…
  • 3. The Fight for Ratification: 1787 - 1790 • The state legislatures needed to ratify the new Constitution in order for it to go into operation • Article VII: Process for ratification – Ratification: official acceptance of the document and adoption of the provisions within it • Required 9 of the 13 states • Compromises made but new constitution not immediately or universally accepted. Debate from two main camps: – Federalists: Pro – Anti-Federalists: Con
  • 4. The Fight for Ratification Federalists: • Favored a stronger central government • Feared tyranny of the majority (rule by self-interest) The Federalist Papers • Series of 85 political articles written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay • Supported the ratification of the Constitution • Argued a republican government with separation of powers and representation could control self-interested majorities
  • 5. The Fight for Ratification Anti-federalists: •Favored the balance of power being with the states •Feared tyranny by government •Loss of freedom, higher taxes, no power for state laws or courts •Argued for more clearly articulated rights •No Bill of Rights in original Constitution – Eventually, the federalists won and all 13 states ratified; Rhode Island the last – on the condition that a Bill of Rights be added
  • 6. Bill of Rights • First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution • Largely guarantee specific rights and liberties – Some Federalists felt unnecessary to include • Hundreds proposed by states; 12 selected by Congress • 10 Ratified in 1791 – Additional clarification on limits to national government
  • 7. Bill of Rights • First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution • Largely guarantee specific rights and liberties – Some Federalists felt unnecessary to include • Hundreds proposed by states; 12 selected by Congress • 10 Ratified in 1791 – Additional clarification on limits to national government