View the webinar at: http://www.knome.com/webinar-big-data-genomic-medicine. This presentation covers an overview of genomic medicine, requirements and challenges of next-generation sequencing, bottlenecks to broader healthcare adoption, and why “we want to sequence everyone.”
Forum on Personalized Medicine: Challenges for the next decadeJoaquin Dopazo
Bioinformatics and Big Data in the era of Personalized Medicine
10th Anniversary Instituto Roche Forum on Personalized Medicine: Challenges for the next decade.
Santiago de Compostela (Spain), September 25th 2014
Extracting clinical value from next gen sequencingWinton Gibbons
It has become cliché in the clinical environment, and genetic sequencing realm, that there is a glut of sequence data. The conundrum is how to translate or transform the overabundance of data into clinically useful knowledge. This situation has only grown more acute since the introduction of next gen sequencing.
To arrive at the clinical knowledge, there needs to be a concentric series of integrated capabilities, and the necessary capacity. The core is of course the sequencing process itself, the IT tools to process it, and the human expertise. However, the essentials in the first two aspects, sequencing and IT, need to exist, and thereby create opportunities for organizations.
As there are numerable subtleties even within the essential capabilities, a single organization may not be able to develop all under one roof. Nor may certain abilities yet exist sufficiently. However, a complete ecosystem at best, or promising potential at worst, is still required.
The attached presentation illustrates the high-level transformation frameworks for this, and the subsequent translation of data to be clinically useful.
Computational challenges in precision medicine and genomicsGary Bader
Genomics is mapping complex data about human biology and promises major medical advances. In particular, genomics is enabling precision medicine, the use of a patient's genome and physiological state to improve therapeutic efficacy and outcome. However, routine use of genomics data in medical research is in its infancy, due mainly to the challenges of working with "Big data". These data are so complex and large that typical researchers are not able to cope with them. Collectively, these data require an understanding of many aspects of experimental biology and medicine to correctly process and interpret. Data size is also an issue, as individual researchers may need to handle tens of terabytes (genomes from a few hundred patients), which is challenging to download and store on typical workstations. To effectively support precision medicine, scientists from a wide range of disciplines, including computer science, must develop algorithms to improve precision medicine (e.g. diagnostics and prognostics), genome interpretation, raw data processing and secure high performance computing.
Forum on Personalized Medicine: Challenges for the next decadeJoaquin Dopazo
Bioinformatics and Big Data in the era of Personalized Medicine
10th Anniversary Instituto Roche Forum on Personalized Medicine: Challenges for the next decade.
Santiago de Compostela (Spain), September 25th 2014
Extracting clinical value from next gen sequencingWinton Gibbons
It has become cliché in the clinical environment, and genetic sequencing realm, that there is a glut of sequence data. The conundrum is how to translate or transform the overabundance of data into clinically useful knowledge. This situation has only grown more acute since the introduction of next gen sequencing.
To arrive at the clinical knowledge, there needs to be a concentric series of integrated capabilities, and the necessary capacity. The core is of course the sequencing process itself, the IT tools to process it, and the human expertise. However, the essentials in the first two aspects, sequencing and IT, need to exist, and thereby create opportunities for organizations.
As there are numerable subtleties even within the essential capabilities, a single organization may not be able to develop all under one roof. Nor may certain abilities yet exist sufficiently. However, a complete ecosystem at best, or promising potential at worst, is still required.
The attached presentation illustrates the high-level transformation frameworks for this, and the subsequent translation of data to be clinically useful.
Computational challenges in precision medicine and genomicsGary Bader
Genomics is mapping complex data about human biology and promises major medical advances. In particular, genomics is enabling precision medicine, the use of a patient's genome and physiological state to improve therapeutic efficacy and outcome. However, routine use of genomics data in medical research is in its infancy, due mainly to the challenges of working with "Big data". These data are so complex and large that typical researchers are not able to cope with them. Collectively, these data require an understanding of many aspects of experimental biology and medicine to correctly process and interpret. Data size is also an issue, as individual researchers may need to handle tens of terabytes (genomes from a few hundred patients), which is challenging to download and store on typical workstations. To effectively support precision medicine, scientists from a wide range of disciplines, including computer science, must develop algorithms to improve precision medicine (e.g. diagnostics and prognostics), genome interpretation, raw data processing and secure high performance computing.
Cancer Diagnostics Reference Laboratory / NeoGenomics April 2014 investors company overview presentation. This presentation highlights the following:
--Fast growing cancer genetics lab servicing Oncologists, Pathologists and Hostpitals
--Strategic client partnerships created by "Tech-Only" model
--Dynamic, rapidly-growing and consolidating industry
Industry-leading revenue & test volume growth
--Strong productivity and operating leverage leading to accelerating cash flow and net income
--Strong Management Team with large cap lab experience
How to transform genomic big data into valuable clinical informationJoaquin Dopazo
How to transform genomic big data into valuable clinical information
The impact of genomics in translational medicine: present view
13th October 2014, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
The server of the Spanish Population VariabilityJoaquin Dopazo
DNA Day
Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain April 28th, 2014
The first server of the Spanish Population Variability.
Freely available: http://ciberer.es/bier/exome-server/
See alse related tools:
BiERapp: http://bierapp.babelomics.org (to help in the prioritization of disease genes)
TEAM: http://team.babelomics.org (to manage panels of genes for targeter resequencing based diagnostic)
Now a day’s, pharma research is facing challenges in
deciphering molecular understanding of disease initiation,
progress and establishment as well as performance
assessment of drug molecule on such phases of disease
development. Emerging of next generation sequencing
bases molecular tools were found to be a key method for
creating genome wide genomics landscape of gene
mutations, gene expression and gene regulation events.
Although NGS is a powerful tool for molecular research but
same time it have its own technical challenges. Few major
challenges of NGS based pharmacogenomics is
summarized below
Next Generation Companion Diagnostics; Adoption, Drivers, and Moderators of N...Andrew Aijian
Analysis and synthesis of a pulse survey conducted across >140 oncologists, pathologists, and lab directors regarding current adoption and trends associated with emerging oncology biomarkers and companion diagnostics (CDx), with an emphasis on next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based CDx.
Imaging allows a non-invasive assessment of biochemical and biological processes in a living subject. Monitoring, assessing, and characterising novel therapeutics in pre-clinical models is an essential part of drug development.
In this webinar Dr Juliana Maynard, Lead Scientist in Pre-clinical Imaging, and Dr Philippa Hart, Lead Scientist in Mass Spectrometry Imaging, explore available imaging technologies and techniques and explain how they can help at different stages of the drug development process.
Utilization of NGS data and genomic selection to rescue an endangered and her...Golden Helix
The Florida Cracker Sheep (FCS) is one of the oldest sheep breeds in the United States. This heritage breed from Florida, naturally adapted to humid and hot climate conditions, is one of the most parasite resistant breeds from the Southern US. However, approximately 1,000 individuals remain alive in the world. Therefore, more research and conservational efforts are required to support all the FCS producers from Florida and rescue FCS from extinction.
Advancements in NGS technologies and reduction in genotyping costs have allowed the utilization of these tools in animal genetics and genomics. We followed up a FCS population (n = 350) from a commercial farm to evaluate parasite resistance traits (FEC, FAMACHA score, hematocrit) using a longitudinal study and genotyped 300 sheep using the GGP Ovine 50k array. Analysis with Golden Helix SVS software identified 15 SNPs with additive and non-additive effects associated with parasite resistance in chromosome 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11,12, 13 and 21. Also, a deletion CNV was associated with parasite resistance (FEC) in chromosome 21. Some of these DNA variants were located in STAT5B, NRIPI, TRPM3, WC1, GPC5, CELF2 and RAB3IL genes which control immune response mechanisms in sheep.
Validation of these results and implementation of genomic selection utilizing information from NGS, SNP genotyping and WGS can be easily performed by Golden Helix SVS software. This will allow the implementation of breeding and conservational programs in FCS farms and will improve the profitability of farms over the long term by incorporating the use of genetically parasite resistant sheep and promote local sheep meat production in Florida.
How can Whole Genome Sequencing information be used to address data requireme...OECD Environment
24 June 2019: This OECD seminar presented and discussed the potential use of genome sequence, bioinformatic tools and databases in a regulatory decision process for microbial pesticides.
Clinical Validation of Copy Number Variants Using the AMP GuidelinesGolden Helix
The common approaches to detecting copy number variants (CNVs) are chromosomal microarray and MLPA. However, both options increase analysis time, per sample costs, and are limited to the size of CNV events that can be detected. VarSeq’s CNV caller, on the other hand, allows users to detect CNVs from the coverage profile stored in the BAM file, which allows you to utilize your existing NGS data and perform the analysis all in one suite. Coupled with this innovative feature is the ability to annotate CNV events against a variety of databases, and by incorporating our VSClinical AMP workflow, we can now assess CNVs as potential biomarkers. Most importantly, Golden Helix CancerKB is an AMP workflow feature that provides expert-curated biomarker interpretations, including those for common somatic CNVs, that will streamline the analysis time and report generation.
In this demonstration we will cover:
Setting up the VS-CNV caller using BAM files from whole exome data
Filtering down to high quality, high confidence CNV events
Annotating CNVs using publicly curated catalogs and databases
Adding clinically relevant CNVs to the VSClinical AMP workflow
Utilizing Golden Helix CancerKB to obtain expert-curated interpretations
Showing updated features and polishes to the software
Together, VarSeq incorporates the ability to accurately call and annotate CNVs and evaluate germline and somatic mutations according to the ACMG and AMP guidelines, respectively. This webcast demonstration will provide insight into these best practice workflows and will hopefully show you how you can implement this top-quality software into your pipeline solution.
Cancer Diagnostics Reference Laboratory / NeoGenomics April 2014 investors company overview presentation. This presentation highlights the following:
--Fast growing cancer genetics lab servicing Oncologists, Pathologists and Hostpitals
--Strategic client partnerships created by "Tech-Only" model
--Dynamic, rapidly-growing and consolidating industry
Industry-leading revenue & test volume growth
--Strong productivity and operating leverage leading to accelerating cash flow and net income
--Strong Management Team with large cap lab experience
How to transform genomic big data into valuable clinical informationJoaquin Dopazo
How to transform genomic big data into valuable clinical information
The impact of genomics in translational medicine: present view
13th October 2014, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
The server of the Spanish Population VariabilityJoaquin Dopazo
DNA Day
Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain April 28th, 2014
The first server of the Spanish Population Variability.
Freely available: http://ciberer.es/bier/exome-server/
See alse related tools:
BiERapp: http://bierapp.babelomics.org (to help in the prioritization of disease genes)
TEAM: http://team.babelomics.org (to manage panels of genes for targeter resequencing based diagnostic)
Now a day’s, pharma research is facing challenges in
deciphering molecular understanding of disease initiation,
progress and establishment as well as performance
assessment of drug molecule on such phases of disease
development. Emerging of next generation sequencing
bases molecular tools were found to be a key method for
creating genome wide genomics landscape of gene
mutations, gene expression and gene regulation events.
Although NGS is a powerful tool for molecular research but
same time it have its own technical challenges. Few major
challenges of NGS based pharmacogenomics is
summarized below
Next Generation Companion Diagnostics; Adoption, Drivers, and Moderators of N...Andrew Aijian
Analysis and synthesis of a pulse survey conducted across >140 oncologists, pathologists, and lab directors regarding current adoption and trends associated with emerging oncology biomarkers and companion diagnostics (CDx), with an emphasis on next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based CDx.
Imaging allows a non-invasive assessment of biochemical and biological processes in a living subject. Monitoring, assessing, and characterising novel therapeutics in pre-clinical models is an essential part of drug development.
In this webinar Dr Juliana Maynard, Lead Scientist in Pre-clinical Imaging, and Dr Philippa Hart, Lead Scientist in Mass Spectrometry Imaging, explore available imaging technologies and techniques and explain how they can help at different stages of the drug development process.
Utilization of NGS data and genomic selection to rescue an endangered and her...Golden Helix
The Florida Cracker Sheep (FCS) is one of the oldest sheep breeds in the United States. This heritage breed from Florida, naturally adapted to humid and hot climate conditions, is one of the most parasite resistant breeds from the Southern US. However, approximately 1,000 individuals remain alive in the world. Therefore, more research and conservational efforts are required to support all the FCS producers from Florida and rescue FCS from extinction.
Advancements in NGS technologies and reduction in genotyping costs have allowed the utilization of these tools in animal genetics and genomics. We followed up a FCS population (n = 350) from a commercial farm to evaluate parasite resistance traits (FEC, FAMACHA score, hematocrit) using a longitudinal study and genotyped 300 sheep using the GGP Ovine 50k array. Analysis with Golden Helix SVS software identified 15 SNPs with additive and non-additive effects associated with parasite resistance in chromosome 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11,12, 13 and 21. Also, a deletion CNV was associated with parasite resistance (FEC) in chromosome 21. Some of these DNA variants were located in STAT5B, NRIPI, TRPM3, WC1, GPC5, CELF2 and RAB3IL genes which control immune response mechanisms in sheep.
Validation of these results and implementation of genomic selection utilizing information from NGS, SNP genotyping and WGS can be easily performed by Golden Helix SVS software. This will allow the implementation of breeding and conservational programs in FCS farms and will improve the profitability of farms over the long term by incorporating the use of genetically parasite resistant sheep and promote local sheep meat production in Florida.
How can Whole Genome Sequencing information be used to address data requireme...OECD Environment
24 June 2019: This OECD seminar presented and discussed the potential use of genome sequence, bioinformatic tools and databases in a regulatory decision process for microbial pesticides.
Clinical Validation of Copy Number Variants Using the AMP GuidelinesGolden Helix
The common approaches to detecting copy number variants (CNVs) are chromosomal microarray and MLPA. However, both options increase analysis time, per sample costs, and are limited to the size of CNV events that can be detected. VarSeq’s CNV caller, on the other hand, allows users to detect CNVs from the coverage profile stored in the BAM file, which allows you to utilize your existing NGS data and perform the analysis all in one suite. Coupled with this innovative feature is the ability to annotate CNV events against a variety of databases, and by incorporating our VSClinical AMP workflow, we can now assess CNVs as potential biomarkers. Most importantly, Golden Helix CancerKB is an AMP workflow feature that provides expert-curated biomarker interpretations, including those for common somatic CNVs, that will streamline the analysis time and report generation.
In this demonstration we will cover:
Setting up the VS-CNV caller using BAM files from whole exome data
Filtering down to high quality, high confidence CNV events
Annotating CNVs using publicly curated catalogs and databases
Adding clinically relevant CNVs to the VSClinical AMP workflow
Utilizing Golden Helix CancerKB to obtain expert-curated interpretations
Showing updated features and polishes to the software
Together, VarSeq incorporates the ability to accurately call and annotate CNVs and evaluate germline and somatic mutations according to the ACMG and AMP guidelines, respectively. This webcast demonstration will provide insight into these best practice workflows and will hopefully show you how you can implement this top-quality software into your pipeline solution.
OriGene Technologies Capabilities Overview Feb 2011mwatson26
Opportunity overview with OriGene Technologies. OriGene is looking to identify strategic collaboration partners for its full-length human proteins, validated monoclonal antibodies and "gene centric" tool box.
When the Human Genome Project was declared complete back in 2003, there were high expectations set for genomic medicine. However, it has taken over a decade to begin moving from vision to reality. Today, the number of success stories remains relatively small, but they do stretch across the healthcare ecosystem, incorporating the prediction of drug responses, the diagnosis of diseases and the identification of targeted therapies. Stakeholders ranging from patients, healthcare providers and payers, researchers, diagnostic companies, policy-makers, life sciences businesses and governments now believe genomic medicine to be a potential game-changer
A slide series to learn and appreciate the importance and the potential of Personalized/Individualized Genomic Medicine. It briefly goes through the idea of biotechnology and the advancements we have made in biology and technology. A series of applications for genomic medicine is then explored, not failing to mention the challenges we have to overcome as well, for the next medical revolution.
A case for personalized medicine is presented.
Transforming the NHS through genomic and personalised medicine, pop up uni, 1...NHS England
Expo is the most significant annual health and social care event in the calendar, uniting more NHS and care leaders, commissioners, clinicians, voluntary sector partners, innovators and media than any other health and care event.
Expo 15 returned to Manchester and was hosted once again by NHS England. Around 5000 people a day from health and care, the voluntary sector, local government, and industry joined together at Manchester Central Convention Centre for two packed days of speakers, workshops, exhibitions and professional development.
This year, Expo was more relevant and engaging than ever before, happening within the first 100 days of the new Government, and almost 12 months after the publication of the NHS Five Year Forward View. It was also a great opportunity to check on and learn from the progress of Greater Manchester as the area prepares to take over a £6 billion devolved health and social care budget, pledging to integrate hospital, community, primary and social care and vastly improve health and well-being.
More information is available online: www.expo.nhs.uk
GenomeTrakr: Whole-Genome Sequencing for Food Safety and A New Way Forward in...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/wgs-on-food-safety-management/en/
GenomeTrakr: Whole-Genome Sequencing for Food Safety and A New Way Forward in the Microbiological Testing & Traceability for Foodborne Pathogens. Presentation from the Technical Meeting on the impact of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) on food safety management -23-25 May 2016, Rome, Italy.
Towards Digitally Enabled Genomic Medicine: the Patient of The FutureLarry Smarr
12.02.22
Invited Speaker
Hacking Life
TTI/Vanguard Conference
Title: Towards Digitally Enabled Genomic Medicine: the Patient of The Future
San Jose, CA
Today, a mix of influences - including innovation in biology and technology, market demand and consumerism - is furthering a genomic medicine evolution that crosses industries.
To benefit from the far-reaching industry transformation that has begun, forward-thinking executives can: verify that genomic medicine is part of their enterprise vision and strategy; assess and plan to fill existing and future skill gaps; and look closely at how and when partnering will help their organizations succeed in meeting stakeholder needs.
The need to redefine genomic data sharing - moving towards Open Science Oct ...Fiona Nielsen
This presentation was given at the symposium: Genomics for Health and Environment in Nijmegen on Oct 30, 2014
http://www.studiegids.science.ru.nl/2014/science/prospectus/biology_bachelor/course/34732/
The presentation introduces Open Science and Open Access Publishing and discusses these concepts in relation to (human) genomics.
The discussion includes a presentation of the concept behind http://repositive.io, the social enterprise software platform which was spun out of the DNAdigest research activities.
As a special edition to the students in the audience who are curious about their future scientific career, I included a couple of slides about my move from academic research to being a social entrepreneur.
DNAdigest works to promote and enable easier and more efficient sharing of genomics data for research. We educate and engage the community about the hurdles and dilemmas for data sharing as faced from the perspective of stakeholders in academia, industry and patient communities. As part of our work we are working with our community and supporters to prototype new mechanisms and concepts for data sharing and data access.
Please visit our website to learn more about our activities and events: http://DNAdigest.org
Follow us on twitter: @DNAdigest
You want to be a Learning and Development Professional? Find out what knowledge, skills and behaviours you needs to adopt to be really good at it. This was prepared as part of my CIPD Intermediate Level 5 Diploma in Learning and Development.
tranSMART Community Meeting 5-7 Nov 13 - Session 3: tranSMART a Data Warehous...David Peyruc
tranSMART Community Meeting 5-7 Nov 13 - Session 3: tranSMART a Data Warehouse for Translational Medicine at Takeda Pharmaceuticals
International
Dave Marberg, Takeda
We have used the tranSMART platform to construct a warehouse containing data from several
Takeda clinical trials, proprietary preclinical drug activity studies, 1600 Gene Expression
Omnibus studies, and data from TCGA, CCLE, and other sources. All gene expression data has
been globally normalized. We extended the tranSMART platform with a set of R function calls
to enable cross-study queries and analysis via the rich toolset available in R. The utility of the
data warehouse is exemplified by a study in which we built a predictive model for drug
sensitivities. The model was trained on gene expression and IC50 data from cell lines and was
found to correctly predict drug activity in oncology indications.
Human Cell Systems Biology for Drug Discovery and Chemical Safety. Presentation at the 7th Brazilian Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry, November 12, 2014, Campos do Jordao-SP, Brazil. Ellen Berg.
2015 04-13 Pharma Nutrition 2015 Philadelphia Alain van GoolAlain van Gool
Keynote lecture at the Pharma-Nutrition 2015 conference, outline global paradigm shifts and activities in pharma, personalized healthcare and pharmanutrition combination therapies.
We can aid decision making from the pre-clinical to the clinical setting, supporting line of sight to the clinic, by identifying and translating crucial biomarker approaches into the real world.
From Genomics to Medicine: Advancing Healthcare at ScaleDatabricks
With the exponential growth of genomic data sets, healthcare practitioners now have the opportunity to improve human outcomes at an unprecedented pace. These outcomes are difficult to realize in the existing ecosystem of genomic tools, where biostatisticians regularly chain together command-line interfaces based on a single-node setup on premise. The Databricks Unified Analytics Platform for Genomics empowers users to perform end-to-end analysis on our massively scalable platform in the cloud: in only minutes, a data scientist can visualize an individual’s disease risk based on their raw genomic data. Built on Apache Spark, we provide click-button implementations of accepted best practice workflows, as well as low-level Spark SQL optimizations for common genomics operations.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
1. Leveraging in silico genomic panels to translate next generation sequencing into clinically actionable information
Corey Nislow, Ph.D. Associate Professor | UBC Pharmaceutical Sciences Director | UBC Sequencing Centre at Pharmaceutical Sciences Webinar July 17, 2014
2. If you have any questions during the webinar, please enter them in the GoToWebinar pane.
We will answer as many as possible at the end.
Questions
3. Overview
•3 Bottlenecks to incorporating genomics into personalized medicine
–Generating the data
–Assembling the infrastructure
–Managing and analyzing the Data
5. What can we hope to learn from studying variations (SNPs) ?
•Identify SNPs associated with disease development
–diabetes, heart disease, addiction, Alzheimer's etc.
•Identify patients who will benefit from drugs
•Predict differential response to drugs
–adjust dose of drugs
6. 1st Bottleneck: Generating the Data SOLVED. (mostly)
2003
10 years
$3 Billion
2014
1 day
$1000
2023 2015 ?
7. UBC Sequencing Centre at Pharmaceutical Sciences
•First (and only) in North America dedicated to pharmacogenomics
•Illumina hiSeq 2500 600GB
•Illumina hiSeq 2500 1TB
•Illumina miSeq
•Extensive automation
8. How big is the human genome? 3 billion bases
•Convert all 4 bases to 0 or 1
•One “byte” (8 bits) represents all 4 DNA bases 00, 01, 10, and 11 6×109 base pairsdiploid genome×1 byte4 base pairs= 1.5×109 bytesgenome
•1 Human Genome = 1.5 Gigabytes
9. How big is the human genome? 3 billion bases
•Raw Sequence (30X)
700 GB
•Aligned Data
300 GB
•Variant Data
1.5 GB
•SNP Data (~3 million)
3 MB
•Clinically Testable? 103
•Clinically Actionable? 101
22. Related Efforts
•Kerr Drug: Single Pharmacy: Interventional: Completed
•eMERGE PGx: 20+ sites: Observational and Interventional: Ongoing
•PRIMe: 2014
23. Kerr Drug Single Pharmacy Study: Implementation of a pharmacogenomics service in a community pharmacy J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)
•Main outcome measures
–Patient participation
–Prescriber acceptance
–Time for test
–Claims outcome
24. Kerr Drug Single Pharmacy Study: Implementation of a pharmacogenomics service in a community pharmacy J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)
•Results:
–41 patients met criteria, 18 (43.9%) completed
–9 patients WT, nine with variants
–Pharmacist recommendations for modifications were accepted by prescribers
–17 patients filed reimbursement claims
•5 not billed
•12 billed, not paid
25. Kerr Drug Single Pharmacy Study: Implementation of a pharmacogenomics service in a community pharmacy J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)
•Conclusion:
–A pharmacogenomics service can be an extension of medication therapy management services in a community pharmacy.
•Prescribers receptive, but reimbursement is a challenge.
29. UBC Case Study: Pharmacogenomics Registry for Individualized Medicine (PRIMe)
•Our two-pronged approach:
1.Collaborate to collect well-phenotyped patients
2.Utilize the trust and accessibility of community pharmacists to collect patients
30. UBC Case Study: Pharmacogenomics Registry for Individualized Medicine (PRIMe)
•Our two-pronged approach:
1.Collaborate to collect well-phenotyped patients
2.Utilize the trust and accessibility of community pharmacists to collect patients
HOW???
32. Sequencing makes sense: One-time cost, lifetime amortization
Genome allows for truly personalized medicine
Acquire once query indefinitely
Sequence today for the questions of tomorrow
33. Collecting Data via Collaboration: Genotype well-phenotyped samples
•26,000 well-phenotyped samples
•Sequence to populate database
•Develop protocols to link data
34. Collecting Data via Pharmacists: Genotype AND Phenotype
•Standardized consent process using Microsoft Surface Tablets
•Non-invasive sampling using saliva collection kits
•SOPs to govern all activities
38. Using Warfarin as a benchmark
•Efficacy crucial to health
•Potential for severe adverse drug reactions
•Narrow therapeutic index
•Requires close monitoring to titrate dose
39. Warfarin history
•1933 -1939 –dicoumarol discovered as an anticoagulant
•1948 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) developed Coumadin: better solubility and bioavailability
•1954 – Coumadin approved by FDA
•1978 – Mechanism of action defined:
Warfarin inhibits coagulation that is dependent on Vitamin K
40. Warfarin and CYP2C9, VKORC1, GGCX, CYP4F2
Weight 9%
Age 7%
VKORC1 23%
CYP2C9 17%
Unknown 44%
42. SNP panel validates exome seq
•Immune against incidental findings
•Walk before we run
•Populate the database
•Then….
43. FDA drug-gene interactions - 161
Drugs involved - 141
Genes involved - 48
Managing these? – Priceless
(or with an exome sequence)
44. Using knoSYS to make the case
•1st Report – 18 Warfarin SNPs
•2nd Report – 161 FDA drug-gene interactions
•nth Report – Every new Rx
45. Thanks to our Partners
•UBC Pharmaceutical Sciences
•UBC IT
•BC Generations Project
•BC College of Pharmacists
•BC Pharmacy Association
•Canadian Foundation for Innovation
•Illumina
•Microsoft
