The document discusses options for reducing the greenhouse gas impact of refrigerants and air conditioning systems, including using lower global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants, developing systems with minimal refrigerant charges, reducing refrigerant leakage rates, and improving energy efficiency. It notes the industry challenges of balancing environmental goals with growing demand for cooling and outlines Danfoss' policy of enabling customers to achieve refrigerant goals while enhancing energy efficiency.

1. Sustaining the Environment
Lower GWP Refrigerants & Options
One Company
Focused on Climate & Energy
Date | 1

2. Agenda
 GHG Impact
 The Industry Challenge
 Options to Take us Closer to Our Goal
 Refrigerants
 Low Charge Systems
 Reduced Leaks
 Energy Efficiency
 Summary
 Danfoss Policy
Date | 2

3. The Industry Challenge !
Environmental Impact
Challenges
 Limited energy  Growing
resources Demand population
 Global warming  Growing need:
comfort & safety
Legislation and Regulation
Demand Viable Energy Efficient technology
Acceptable low-GWP refrigerants
Sustainability limit
Demand  High Efficiency
 Low GWP
Time
Date | 3

4. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Industry
Impact on Climate Change & Global Warming
System operation
energy consumption
ns
io
iss
ir ec
t em
80
nd
I
/
Di
re
20
ct
em
iss
io n
s
Green House Gasses - GHG
Refrigerants
(CO2, CH4 , N2O, HFCs, SF6) Emissions
Date | 4

5. What do we do to get closer to the goal?
Technology
Low-GWP Options
refrigerants Improved
energy
efficiency
Minimal charge Lower leakage
systems rates
Date | 5

6. Ozone Depletion and Global Warming
Global Warming Potential (GWP)100a
20.000
phase down (Proposed)
4.000
Montreal Protocol
Montreal Protocol
R404A
(in force)
2.000
R600a,
NH3,
air…
Date | 6

7. Example of a CO2 Solution
Supermarket/Industrial Refrigeration
 The high risk of refrigerant leaks in
supermarket distribution systems
High stage
R717 (NH3)
condenser High stage calls for an better solution.
R134a, R404A,
… High stage compressor(s)
expansion valve
R290, R1270,
…
Cascade heat exchanger
 Cooling with CO2 has energy
drawbacks in warm climates, but
CO2 otherwise…
Liquid pump
Medium temp
evaporator  Cascade systems built on state of
the art technology are globally
applicable
Low temp
Low temp Low stage
expansion valve
evaporator compressor(s)
Date | 7

8. Minimal Charge Systems
Microchannel Heat Exchangers
Depending on system design the
typical charge amount can be
reduced with 30-60 %.
COP can typically be increased
with 10% due to low pressure
drop and increased heat
transmission
Micro channel technology is not
new. This proven technology has
been used since 1980 in
automotive air conditioning. The
same technology is modified to
residential and commercial air
conditioning systems.
Date | 8

9. Lower Leakage Rates
 More sensitive leak detectors
 Minimize joints in the product and installation
 Deploy controls systems for containment strategy to
isolate leaks & prevent loss of complete charge
 Direct weld & solder components
 Hermetic components
 Preventive maintenance
Date | 9

10. Improved Energy Efficiency
Cost
Legislative
lever
T3
T2
T4
T1
Efficiency
At the end –
What matters is the efficiency / cost ratio.
| 10

11. Variable Speed Systems Lower Energy Costs
 Fixed speed 948 hr
 Modulated compressor 1189 hr
 Performer VSD 1520 hr
Performer VSD
Modulated
Makes $100 go
Fixed speed
considerably further
HOURS
0 948 1189 1520
Source: Results are derived by use of the
Danfoss HVAC simulation tool for a typical
air conditioning usages in a Houston
household from March to June
| 11

12. Variable Speed Systems
Scroll 3-5 Tr Data
with IPM motor
 Speed range 900 RPM to 4500 RPM
 High ambient operation up to 137°F
 All serial communication based
All-in one drive with Performance
internal VS cooling
fan  Over 4 SEER points to modulation
 Over 10 dbA quieter
 Exact temp control with +/- 0.2°F
 Smart compressor protection
Credit card sized
EEV controller with
serial
communication
| 12

13. EcoFlow™ Adaptive Distribution
Immediate advantages with EcoFlow™
 Continuous monitoring and optimisation
 Eliminates maldistribution
 Insensitive to variations in air flow over the evaporator
 Enables higher SEER/EER performance
| 13

14. EcoFlow™ The Benefits and Opportunities
Efficiency benefits System opportunities Environmental benefits
 Increased system capacity  Improved dehumidification  Increased SEER/EER
 Increased COP  Load matching from ultra-  Energy savings from one
 Balanced refrigerant flow low to maximum capacity million EcoFlow valves:
 Diagnostics capabilities $110 million per year,
 Defrost by disabling one equivalent to 85 wind
segment at a time turbines
 One EcoFlow saves 1430
 Smaller evaporator
possible lbs CO2 per year,
equivalent to driving a car
1600 miles
| 14

15. Summary & Potential Next Steps:
 Mainstream market is set with HFCs. Until there is a phase down cap with
deadlines, progress to alternative refrigerants will be very slow.
 A regulatory framework to constrain GHG is not an option any more. A global
mandate is needed.
 Light commercial systems are well suited for hydrocarbons. Known for almost two
decades, the trend is now increasing. Demonstration projects in China show
interest in residential A/C.
 Several applications, especially food retail, are very suitable for CO2 solely or in
combination with other refrigerants as NH3, HC or HFCs.
 Larger A/C systems will be more challenging to convert to low GWP refrigerants.
 Low flammability refrigerants such as R32 and HFO1234yf will play a significant
role in the future. R32 will has potential to replace R22. HFO1234yf will be used in
blends to replace R22 and HFC’s.
Date | 15

16. Danfoss Policy
 We will enable our customers to achieve refrigerant goals while continuing to
enhance the energy efficiency of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment.
 Danfoss will proactively develop products for low-GWP refrigerants, both
natural and synthetic, to fulfil customers’ needs for practical and safe solutions
without compromising energy efficiency.
 Danfoss will lead and be recognized in the development of natural refrigerant
solutions.
 Danfoss supports the establishment of a global regimen (such as the Montreal
Protocol) to phase down emissions of high-GWP refrigerants … while providing for
long-term production of small quantities of HFCs for critical needs.
Date | 16