Bhagat Singh was born in 1907 to a Sikh family with a history of involvement in Indian independence movements. As a child, he was inspired to fight for India's freedom after witnessing the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. He lost faith in non-violent resistance and joined revolutionary groups. In 1928, he helped avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai and later bombed the Central Legislative Assembly to protest bills and publicize the independence movement, before being arrested. The bombing caused no injuries but drew significant attention to the revolutionary cause.

1. National Hero –
Shaheed Bhagat Singh

2. Born to Fight for freedom
 It was way back in 1910, when a 3 year old boy was walking with his father and an
elderly man.
 Green crop delighted their eyes and the elders were walking along the edge of a
field.
 Suddenly, the boy's father noticed there was no sound of the footsteps of his son &
he looked back.
 The boy was sitting on the ground and seemed to be planting some thing. The
curious father went near and asked, “What are you doing?" .
Lets start with a small story

3.  The boy replied, "Look, father, I shall grow guns all over the field".
 His eyes showed a strong faith that guns would grow in the field.
 Both the elders were struck with wonder of the little boy's words.
The boy was none other than SHAHEED
BHAGAT , one of the most inspirational icons of
the Indian freedom struggle,one of most influential
revolutionaries of Indian independence movement,
the patriotic who later fought like a hero for
India's freedom and sacrificed his life.

4. Birth and Family
 Bhagat Singh, a Sandhu Jatt was born on 28 September 1907 to Kishan Singh and Vidyavati at
Chak No. 105, GB, Banga village, Jaranwala Tehsil in the Lyallpur of the Punjab of British.
 His birth coincided with the release from jail of his father and two uncles, Ajit Singh and Swaran
Singh.
 His family were Sikhs, some of whom had been active in Indian independence movements, and
others having served in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army.
 His father and uncles were members of the Gadar Party, led by Kartar Singh Sarabha and Har
Dayal, Ajit Singh was forced to flee to Persia due to pending court cases against him, while
Swaran Singh died at home in 1910 following his release from Borstal Jail in Lahore.

5. As a child
 Bhagat Singh was a lovely child with a charming smile.
 From his childhood he was highly interested in studies and was ahead of the others.
 Very much liked by his class- mates, he was their leader. His seniors used to carry Bhagat Singh on their
shoulders to the school and back home.
 Bhagat was friendly even to cartmen and coolies, and the very men who swept the streets.

6. Small incident from chilhood
 When he was in the fourth class, Bhagat Singh asked his classmates, "What do
you wish to become when you grow up?"
 Each boy gave a different answer.
 But Bhagat Singh remarked, "is marriage a big achievement? Anybody can
marry. On the other hand, I will drive the British out of India."

7.  It was the year 1919 when British soldiers opened fire on a gathering in Jallianwala Bagh, and there was no
way of escape for the people.
 Bhagat Singh was 12 yrs old that time and his mind was deeply disturbed by this event.
 The next day he did not return home after the school hours.
 Bhagat Singh went straight to the place of the tragedy. He collected a bottle of mud wet with blood of
Indians and returned home.
 On returning home he put the bottle in a niche and
worshipped it with flowers.
Jallianwala Bagh

8.  Even before entering ninth class, Bhagat Singh decided to take up
the work of awakening people.
 Bhagat Singh left the school and joined a Non Co - Operation
movement in the country.
 Bhagat Singh took part in this movement with zeal.
 Right from his early days, he used to wear only Khadi. Every week
he would collect foreign clothes, heap them up and burn them.
Beginning of Revolutionary Career

9.  In 1922, the Congress organized a procession in the town of Chauri chaura in
Gorakhpur District.
 Then some rogues locked up twenty-two policemen together in a house, and
burnt them alive.
 Before this, similar acts of violence had occurred even in Bombay and Madras
due to which Gandhi called off the non-cooperation movement.
 It was a great disappointment to young Bhagat Singh as well as for the Nation.

10. Before that, the British Government had hanged a nineteen-year-old
revolutionary named Kartar Singh. Then none of these supporters of non-
violence raised any objection.
Such thoughts weakened Bhagat Singh's faith in non-violence and non-
cooperation movements.

11. Lost faith in gandhi…
Quitting of government
schools and other
institutions.
Re – admissions
not accepted.
What to
do ?

12.  Most students last ray of hope was National College started by the great patriot Lala Lajpat Rai.
 Though he had not been to school for some years, Bhagat Singh had a good knowledge of history and
politics.
 The Principal was astonished and permitted him to join the college straight away.
 During the day he would listen to the lessons in the class. In the evening he would collect several
friends and discuss the coming revolution. This became his daily routine.
 At college, Bhagat Singh took part in several plays. A teacher who saw him in the leading roles in
'Rana Pratap', 'Samrat Chandragupta' and 'Bharata-durdasha' remarked, "This boy will become a great
man."
Joining of National College

13.  Foreign literature
 Biographies of revolutionars in different countries.
 Various revolutions taking place in different part of world.
 The more he read, the deeper grew his belief that war alone could bring
freedom.
Bhagat Singh’s hobby of Reading

14.  Commom motive of revolution and the idea of free
and independent India was what united these
great revolutionars and freedom fighters.
 The feeling in their hearts about the sites of the
brutal rule of british empire created a strong bond
between them.
Meeting with Sukhdev Singh

15.  Bhagat Singh established contact with the Revolutionary Party of the
province.
 The leader of the party was Sachindranath Sanyal.
 Every member of the party had to accept one condition.
 At the call of its leader, he had to be ready to revolution.
 Bhagat Singh left home and went to Lahore. For sometime thereafter,
nobody knew where he went.
Joining of HRA

16. Before leaving home, Bhagat Singh wrote a letter; he said, "The
aim of my life is to fight for India's freedom. I don't wish for
worldly pleasures. At the time of my Upanayan (the initiation
ceremony among the Hindus), my uncle had taken a sacred
promise from me; I promised to sacrifice myself for the sake of
the country. Accordingly I am now giving up my own happiness
and going out to serve the country."
Bhagat Singh letter to family

17.  Bhagat Singh reached Kanpur, the revolutionary capital of India.
 First he earned his bread there by selling newspapers.
 He came to know a revolutionary by name Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi. He
got a job in the office of his periodical 'The Pratap'.
 It was in Kanpur where he also learnt his first lessons as a revolutionary.
 Revolutionaries generally change their names so that people may not
know them. Bhagat Singh became Balawant Singh.
Decomposition of HRA

18.  Village of Bhagat was too small for his activities so he went to Lahore.
 There a union of revolutionaries by name 'Naujavan Bharat Sabha' was founded.
 Bhagat Singh became the Secretary. The new union started teaching lessons of revolution to
the people of Punjab.
 Outwardly its objects were to spread Indian culture, to make the youth strong and fight.
 Within few days, the ‘Sabha' started its branches in different places.
 The celebration of the birthdays of revolutionaries became an important part of the program
of the union.
Foundation of new party and initiation of its activities

19.  The members would take out pictures of revolutionaries, decorated with
Khadi and garlands.
 They would cut their fingers and put a mark of blood on the foreheads of
the heroes in the pictures.
 They would lecture about them. It was in these days that Bhagat Singh
gained good practice in public speaking.
 He spread the message of revolution everywhere. By this time,
 Bhagat Singh had caught the eye of the police. Spies carefully watched
his movements.

20.  Once, as he was just leaving a train at Amritsar, the spies followed Bhagat
Singh.
 Trying to escape from them, he began to run. But where ever he went he could
not escape.
 At last he rushed into a lawyer's house and escaped from the police.
 Then he travelled to Lahore. When the train reached Lahore, he was caught by
the police and pushed into the Lahore Fort Jail.
His first Arrest

21.  Bhagat Singh did not know why he was arrested.
 A few days earlier some one had thrown a bomb on procession during the Dusehara
Festival.
 To find out the secrets of other revolutionaries, they tortured him in many ways.
Bhagat Singh did not open his mouth.
 Finally, a Magistrate decided that Bhagat Singh could be released only on a bail of
sixty thousand
 Yet, out of sheer affection for Bhagat Singh, two rich persons came forward. They were
Duneechand and Daulatram. On their surety, Bhagat Singh was set free.

22.  The entire day he was busy with his dairy, but the night brought thoughts of revolution.
 He joined his friends for discussions. At the same time, he got into touch with the
newspapers, 'Kirtee' and 'Akalee'.
 He wrote articles for them. A journal brought out a special issue to honor fighters who
had been hanged; Bhagat Singh himself introduced some of the revolutionaries.
 After attending a meeting of revolutionaries in Delhi in 1928, he never returned home.
Setting up of clear thoughts on what to do

23.  In Delhi, Chandrasekhar Azad, a young revolutionary, was introduced to
Bhagat Singh.
 It was as if fire and wind were united. The activities of
the revolutionaries gained new strength.
Meeting with Chandra Shekhar Azad

24.  He realized that independence from british rule was not the only motive. They needed
leaders to lead the nation to a rising phase.
 There was a revolutionary party called the 'Hindustan Prajatantra Sangha' (The
Indian Republic Party). The name was changed to 'Hindustan Samajvadi
Prajatantra Sangha' (The Indian Socialist Republican Party).
 Its aim was to establish a republic in India by means of an ARMED
REVOLUTION.
 Bhagat Singh went to Calcutta to learn to make bombs. There he bought as many
bombs as he needed. He also learnt from Jatindranath Das, a revolutionary, how to
make bombs.
Starting of Armed Revolution

25.  In February 1928, the Simon Commission from England visited India.
 Wherever the committee went, people protested with black flags, shouting "Simon, go
back."
 When the Simon Commission reached Lahore in October, it had to face a big procession
opposed to it.
 Its leader was Lala Lajpat Rai. Trouble started near the railway station itself. The
revolutionaries did not allow the Simon Commission to proceed.
 The police could not protect the members. By that time, the Police Superintendent, one Scott
by name, ordered a lathi charge.
The visit of Simon Commission

26.  Lala Lajpat Rai suffered of a powerful blow. People started running. But
Lajpat Rai and his companions did not move.
 A police officer by name Saunders rushed forward and hit Lajpat Rai on
the chest.
 It was a powerful blow. Lajpat Rai was old and ill.
 The blow brought his death. He suffered for a
month and died.

27.  The revolutionaries decided that they should take revenge and that they should kill
Scott who ordered the lath-charge.
 Plan was ready.
 Jayagopal mistook Saunders for Scott.
 The appointed day came. That evening Saunders came out of the police station and
got on his motor bicycle. Jayagopal who was behind made a sign.
 Next day posters appeared on the walls in all the streets of Lahore. They
declared, "Lala Lajpat Rai's death is avenged. Saunders has been murdered.“
Revenge of Lala ji’s death

28.  The posters also contained the name of The Hindustan Samajvadi
Prajatantra Sena (The Indian Socialist Republican Army) in red letters. So
every one could know who were behind the murder of Saunders,
 The people's respect for the Kranti Dal grew. Saunders' murder shook the
British Government.

29.  Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Chandra sekhara Azad all three escaped from Lahore.
 Bhagat Singh dressed himself as a foreign youth and wore a hat.
 Durga Bhabhi, the wife of a revolutionary Bhagavaticharan, and their child
followed Bhagat Singh, so that people would think they were Bhagat Singh's wife
and child.
 Rajguru left the place disguised as an ordinary worker. Azad traveled as a pundit
(scholar).
 The police searched and searched for Bhagat Singh and Rajguru, but could not
find them. Three months passed.
Escape from Lahore

30.  In April 1929, the Central Legislative Assembly met in Delhi.
 The British Government wanted to place before the Assembly two bills
which were likely to harm the country's interests.
 Even if the Assembly rejected them, the Viceroy could use his special
powers and approve them, and they would become laws.
Assembly Bombing Plan

31. There were basically two motives Bhagat Singh’s plan of
throwing bomb in Assembly:-
 Oppositions of the bills.
 Creating an image in the eyes of the country people.
Motive behind this Plan

32.  Bhagat Singh chose Batukheshwar Dutt to accompany him .
 On the 8th of April 1929 the two men took the bombs and entered the Assembly Hall.
They sat in the visitors' gallery.
 The session commenced. The Government placed the bills before the Assembly. The
members rejected them.
 In the end, a member of the Government began an announcement that the Viceroy had
exercised his special powers.
 At once, a bomb fell from above and exploded causing a fearful sound. Immediately
another bomb fell. There were sounds of shooting, too.
Execution of Plan

33.  The entire hall was filled with smoke. People ran helter skelter. Some were
so frightened that they fell down unconscious.
 By that time, red pamphlets fell from the visitors' gallery. In them,
particulars of Prajatantra Sena (the Republican Army)
were given and the Government was
condemned. The Hall was filled
with the slogan, Inqulab
Zindabad
(Long Live Revolution!)

34.  The police rushed to the spot.
 Only Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt were there. They were holding pistols.
 Afraid of them, the police moved back. But both threw down their pistols and got them
hand- cuffed.
 The bombs thrown into the Assembly Hall killed no one. Four or five persons received
very minor injuries; that was all.
 It was not the revolutionaries' object to kill any body.
 The incident drew the attention of the entire world. The Kranti Dal's name became a
household word. The British Government trembled.

35.  After the incident, the Government got scent of the factory at Lahore.
 The Government seized enough material to make seven thousand bombs.
 The Government too discovered another big factory at Shaharanpur.
 Within a few days, most of the leaders of the Kranti Dal were arrested.
 The Government filed a case against them, accusing them of executing the Lahore
plot.
 Bhagat Singh and his companions were kept in prison in Lahore.
Government action after the blast

36.  The trial of the accused commenced.
 In those days political prisoners were not treated properly in the jail. They were not
given proper food. They were made to suffer in every possible way.
 Bhagat Singh and his companions decided to fight against the wretched condition.
All the revolutionaries went on fast.
 But Jatin Das did not. He did not listen to anybody. On the 64th day of his fast, he
died.
 Bhagat Singh fasted for thirty-two days thereafter.
Hunger Strike in Prison

37.  The trial of Bhagat Singh and his companions began.
 It drew the attention of the whole world. The police heavily guarded the court. No
spectators were allowed inside the court.
 The prisoners were brought to the court in chains. They used to shout ' Inqulab
Zindabad' and only then enter the court hall.
Commencing of TRIAL
Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt stated, "If the deaf
are to hear, the sound has to be very loud. When we dropped
the bomb, it was not our intention to kill anybody. We have
bombed the British Government. The British must quit India
and make India free."

38.  They also explained the objects of their association. The whole
world came to understand their aim and activities because of the
press reports.

39.  Meanwhile as the Trial was persuing, the file of Sauunder’s murder
case was re – opened .
 Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thappar and Rajguru were found guilty.
 Finally judgment was given. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru
were to be hanged by neck.
Re – Opening of Saunder’s murder case

40. 23rd march, 1931

41.  On the day of their hanging they were fearless. They were cheerful.
 They competed with one another to be hanged first. It was decided that
first Sukhdev would be hanged and then Bhagat Singh and finally
Rajguru.
 All the three climbed the platform. Kissing the rope, they themselves put
it round their neck.
 They died with the name of Bharat Mata on their lips. Such was the end
of the three champions of freedom.

42. Bhagat Singh Last Letter
साथियं,
स्वाभाववक है कक जीने की इच्छा मुझमं भी होनी चाकहए, मं इसे थछपाना नहीं चाहता। ऱेककन मं
एक शतत पर जजंदा रह सकता हूं कक मं कै द होकर या पाबंद होकर जीना नहीं चाहता।
मेरा नाम कहंदुस्तानी क्रांथत का प्रतीक बन चुका है और क्रांथतकारी दऱ के आदशो और कु बातथनयं ने
मुझे बहुत ऊं चा उठा कदया है-इतना ऊं चा कक जीववत रहने की जस्िथत मं इससे ऊं चा मं हरथगज नहीं
हो सकता।
आज मेरी कमजोररयां जनता के सामने नहीं हं। अगर मं फांसी से बच गया तो वो जाकहर हो जाएंगी
और क्रांथत का प्रतीक थचह्न मविम पड़ जाएगा या संभवत: थमट ही जाए। ऱेककन कदऱेराना ढंग से
हंसते-हंसते मेरे फांसी चढ़ने की सूरत मं कहंदुस्तान की माताएं अपने बच्चं के भगत थसंह बनने की
आरजू ककया करंगी और देश की आजादी के थऱए कु बातनी देने वाऱं की तादाद इतनी बढ़ जाएगी कक
क्रांथत को रोकना साम्राज्यवाद या तमाम शैतानी शवियं के बूते की बात नहीं रहेगी।
हां, एक ववचार आज भी मेरे मन मं आता है कक देश और मानवता के थऱए जो कु छ करने की
हसरतं मेरे कदऱ मं िी, उनका हजारवां भाग भी पूरा नहीं कर सका। अगर स्वतंत्र जजंदा रह सकता
तब इन्हहं करने का अवसर थमऱता और मं अपनी हसरतं पूरी कर सकता।
इसके थसवाय मेरे मन मं कभी कोई ऱाऱच फांसी से बचे रहने का नहीं आया। मुझसे अथिक
सौभाग्यशाऱी कौन होगा? आजकऱ मुझे खुद पर बहुत गवत है। अब तो बड़ी बेताबी से अंथतम परीऺा
का इंतजार है। कामना है कक यह और नजदीक हो जाए।
आपका सािी,
भगत थसंह

43.  “Revolution is made by labouring intellectuals and
hardworking activists. Unfortunately, the intellectual
side of the Indian Revolution has always remained
weak. As a result, the essential elements of the
revolution as well as the effects of work
accomplished have not been sufficiently addressed.
Therefore, it is necessary for a revolutionary to
consider studying and reflection a sacred duty.”
Bhagat Singh Philosophies and Thoughts

45. Government Cheap Thinking
 In a shocking revelation, it has now come to light that Bhagat Singh, who sacrificed
his life for the country, is not described as a martyr in government records.
 The Home Ministry, while replying to an inquiry under Right to InformationAct,
said it possesses no record to prove that Bhagat Singh has been declared a martyr.
 In April, the ministry had been asked as to when Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and
Sukhdev were declared martyrs.
 In May, the Home Ministry replied that the ministry had no record or document to
show whether the trio had been declared martyrs.

46.  Arwind Kejriwal {ex Chief Minister} reply to government.
People thinking about the Legend

47. Youth’s Thinking
-