1. MR. MOUNESH. BADIGER
SENIOR TUTOR
MEDICAL SURGICAL DEPARTMENT
KAHER INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES,
BELAGAVI,
CATARACT
Friday, December 18, 2020 1MOUNESH
2. • The lens has three main parts: the lens capsule,
the lens epithelium, and the lens fibers. The lens capsule
forms the outermost layer of the lens and the lens fibers
form the bulk of the interior of the lens.
• The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex structure
whose functions are to maintain its own clarity to refract
light.
• Lens crystallins, which make up about 90% of the water-
soluble protein, are the main soluble components of fiber
cells, along with cytoskeletal components, including
actin, myosin, vimentin, α-actinin, and microtubules.
• Chromophores. A chromophore is a substance that
absorbs light
Friday, December 18, 2020 MOUNESH 2
4. INCIDENCE
o Cataract accounts for 62.6% of all
blindness affecting 9-12 million
bilaterally blind persons.
o In India, an estimated 20 lakhs new
cases of cataract is being added to
the burden every year
Friday, December 18, 2020 4MOUNESH
5. DEFINITION
Cataract is a opacification or cloudiness of
normal crystalline lens resulting in visual
disturbance.
Friday, December 18, 2020 5MOUNESH
9. o Aging
o Genetic factors, smoking and alcohol
consumption.
o Diabetes mellitus –II, Hypertension
o Exposure to ultraviolet light
Friday, December 18, 2020 9MOUNESH
10. o Chronic Exposure to heat
( industrial workers)
o Exposure to Ionizing Radiations
o Phototoxic medications
( tranquilizers, penothiazines ,
oral contraceptives and
corticosteroids)
Cont.….
Friday, December 18, 2020 10MOUNESH
12. o Age related (senile)
o Congenital
o Idiopathic
o Trauma ( Blunt injury)
Friday, December 18, 2020 12MOUNESH
13. o Previous eye surgeries
o Prolonged use of corticosteroid medication
o Overexposure to heat ( glass-blower’s
cataract
Cont.….
Friday, December 18, 2020 13MOUNESH
15. Due to etiological factors
Altered the molecular process within lens cells
Reduction in oxygen uptake
Decrease in water percentage in the eye
Protein in the lens undergoes numerous age related changes
( fluorescent reaction with ultraviolet rays)
Causes the formation of cataract (yellowish of lenses)
Friday, December 18, 2020 15MOUNESH
18. o Clouded , increased glare,
blurred or distorted images
o Increasing difficulty with
vision at night
o Altered colour perception
o Seeing ‘ halos ‘ around
lights
Friday, December 18, 2020 18MOUNESH
19. o Leukocoria or white
pupil ( advanced stage,
Retinoblastoma)
o Reduced visual acuity
o Diplopia
Friday, December 18, 2020 19MOUNESH
21. o History collection
o Physical examination
o Visual Acuity Test (Snellen
chart)
o Slit – Lamp bio microscopy
o Penlight examination of
pupil and lensFriday, December 18, 2020 21MOUNESH
22. o Glare Testing
( post cataract PCO)
o Keratometry
( corneal curvature)
Friday, December 18, 2020 22MOUNESH
25. o Beta Carotene ( Vit-A)
o Vitamin C & E (Antioxidant )
o Selenium
o Multivitamin Supplements
o Cyloplegics/anticholinergic/anti
muscarinic : Tropicamide
Friday, December 18, 2020 25MOUNESH
26. o Strong Bifocals
o Contact lenses
o Mydiatric agents :
Phenylephrine HCL
Acid
o Homatropine
Friday, December 18, 2020 26MOUNESH
28. o Phacoemulsification and aspiration (liquefying)
It is the eye's internal lens is emulsified with an
ultrasonic hand piece and aspirated from the eye.
Aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced
salt solution to maintain the anterior chamber.
Friday, December 18, 2020 28MOUNESH
29. Intrcapsular cataract extraction
• It involves the removal of the lens and the surrounding lens
capsule in one piece
Friday, December 18, 2020 29MOUNESH
30. Extra capsular cataract extraction
A surgery in which the lens of the eye is removed while the
elastic capsule that covers the lens is left partially intact to
allow implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL).
Friday, December 18, 2020 30MOUNESH
32. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
o Anxiety related to visual deficit and
surgical outcome.
o Risk for injury related to eye surgery.
o Knowledge deficit related to cause,
complications and postoperative care.
o Acute pain related to trauma to incision
o Risk for injury related blurred vision
o Disturbed sensory perception related to
impaired vision
Friday, December 18, 2020 32MOUNESH
33. COMPLICATIONS
o Blindness
o Glaucoma
o Retinal detachment
o Pseudoexfoliation
o Astigmatism
o Strabismus
o Infection
Friday, December 18, 2020 33MOUNESH
34. oO.D ( Oculus dexter) = Right eye
oO.S ( Oculus sinister) = Left eye
oO.U ( Oculus uterque) = Both eyes
Friday, December 18, 2020 34MOUNESH
