This document discusses the benefits of planning for wireless LAN (WLAN) requirements when installing or upgrading a structured cabling plant. It is more cost effective to install all cabling, including for WLAN access points, during initial construction before walls and ceilings are completed. Automated site planning tools allow network designers to determine optimal access point locations and cabling needs before a building is constructed. The document provides guidance on key considerations for the WLAN design such as coverage needs, 802.11 standards, access point placement, and ensuring sufficient switch ports.
Implementation and Test of a Power-Line based Communication System for Elect...Valerio Aisa
This paper discusses the development of a low-cost, narrow-band transmission system, aimed at connecting digital appliances to a home network. The proposed approach is based on powerline communication (ULP: Ultra Low-cost Powerline), carried out on the power-supply wire between the appliance and the outlet. Through ULP, appliance can communicate with a transceiver node located at the outlet, the “smart adapter”, which, in turn, can flexibly route messages toward external control devices (e.g., for diagnostic purposes) or, more generally, toward a home control network. At the appliance side, such an approach allows for connectivity at extremely low costs, at the same time keeping independent of the actual home control network protocol (since different configurations of the smart adapter take care of it). To make practical their implementation on a variety of digital appliances, ULP communication functions have been implemented in a dedicated hardware device, conceived as a dedicated peripheral for a general-purpose microcontroller. In this work, details on the peripheral architecture and its implementation are given. A prototype of the peripheral has been developed, based on a FPGA board directly connected to the microprocessor bus. This closely emulates the perspective microcontroller architecture, and allowed for extensive testing of the device under realistic operating conditions.
Implementation and Test of a Power-Line based Communication System for Elect...Valerio Aisa
This paper discusses the development of a low-cost, narrow-band transmission system, aimed at connecting digital appliances to a home network. The proposed approach is based on powerline communication (ULP: Ultra Low-cost Powerline), carried out on the power-supply wire between the appliance and the outlet. Through ULP, appliance can communicate with a transceiver node located at the outlet, the “smart adapter”, which, in turn, can flexibly route messages toward external control devices (e.g., for diagnostic purposes) or, more generally, toward a home control network. At the appliance side, such an approach allows for connectivity at extremely low costs, at the same time keeping independent of the actual home control network protocol (since different configurations of the smart adapter take care of it). To make practical their implementation on a variety of digital appliances, ULP communication functions have been implemented in a dedicated hardware device, conceived as a dedicated peripheral for a general-purpose microcontroller. In this work, details on the peripheral architecture and its implementation are given. A prototype of the peripheral has been developed, based on a FPGA board directly connected to the microprocessor bus. This closely emulates the perspective microcontroller architecture, and allowed for extensive testing of the device under realistic operating conditions.
An overview of Ethernet WAN deployment and of the benefits to the Service Provider of Ethernet Demarcation Devices, for both 'wires only' Ethernet Access to IP VPNs and for native Ethernet WAN Services.
Architectural Options for Metro Carrier-Ethernet Network Buildout: Analysis &...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
This workshop is one of the first that we're aware of to give a detailed taxonomy & analysis of deployment options for Carrier Ethernet-based metro/access networks, in one place. We elaborate each option addressing questions like: network architectures possible? Is other supporting technology needed? Or, is it standalone for the applications/services a provider might run, and so on.
From VOIP to UC: How to Simplify System ManagementShoreTel
In this paper, we examine the impact that different starting points on modern
communications system management, consider the possible advantages of delivering
voice over IP (VoIP) and unified communications (UC), and examine what can be achieved
through the level of holistic management available only from a communications solution
that is IP-based by design
This presentation reviews the various tools that carrier-grade Ethernet offers to meet the performance required from the ICT network and discusses strategies for the transition to Smart Grid communications
The NGN Carrier Ethernet System: Technologies, Architecture and Deployment Mo...Cisco Canada
This presentation discusses market trends and its impact on Network infrastructure, Cisco carrier Ethernet Transport Architecture, Cisco carrier Ethernet portfolio and TCO Leadership.
Marvell Enhancing Scalability Through NIC Switch Independent PartitioningMarvell
Marvell FastLinQ 3400 and 8400 Series 10GbE Adapters Unleash the Power of Data Center Servers
Network interface card (NIC) Switch Independent Partitioning can simplify end-to-end networking by dividing a network controller port into as many as four partitions, enabling dynamic allocation of bandwidth as needed while reducing the total cost of ownership.
In enterprises today, Wide Area Networks (WANs) are no
longer operating behind the scenes. WANs are central to
the daily operations and core business of organizations large
and small. However, enterprises must choose from a variety
of ways to implement WANs. This eBook examines the
various types of Wide Area Networks (WANs), and why
IT departments gravitate towards specific WAN solutions.
In addition, the paper provides constructive guidelines
for organizations seeking Local Area to Wide Area
Network extension.
LAN Architecture Over Fiber Optics.pdfVERSITRONINC
LAN is a type of networking architecture that helps to connect multiple computers in a single network. This can be done using fiber optic cable. This article describes fiber-optic LAN architecture, common types of fiber optic LAN network, and its advantages.
An overview of Ethernet WAN deployment and of the benefits to the Service Provider of Ethernet Demarcation Devices, for both 'wires only' Ethernet Access to IP VPNs and for native Ethernet WAN Services.
Architectural Options for Metro Carrier-Ethernet Network Buildout: Analysis &...Vishal Sharma, Ph.D.
This workshop is one of the first that we're aware of to give a detailed taxonomy & analysis of deployment options for Carrier Ethernet-based metro/access networks, in one place. We elaborate each option addressing questions like: network architectures possible? Is other supporting technology needed? Or, is it standalone for the applications/services a provider might run, and so on.
From VOIP to UC: How to Simplify System ManagementShoreTel
In this paper, we examine the impact that different starting points on modern
communications system management, consider the possible advantages of delivering
voice over IP (VoIP) and unified communications (UC), and examine what can be achieved
through the level of holistic management available only from a communications solution
that is IP-based by design
This presentation reviews the various tools that carrier-grade Ethernet offers to meet the performance required from the ICT network and discusses strategies for the transition to Smart Grid communications
The NGN Carrier Ethernet System: Technologies, Architecture and Deployment Mo...Cisco Canada
This presentation discusses market trends and its impact on Network infrastructure, Cisco carrier Ethernet Transport Architecture, Cisco carrier Ethernet portfolio and TCO Leadership.
Marvell Enhancing Scalability Through NIC Switch Independent PartitioningMarvell
Marvell FastLinQ 3400 and 8400 Series 10GbE Adapters Unleash the Power of Data Center Servers
Network interface card (NIC) Switch Independent Partitioning can simplify end-to-end networking by dividing a network controller port into as many as four partitions, enabling dynamic allocation of bandwidth as needed while reducing the total cost of ownership.
In enterprises today, Wide Area Networks (WANs) are no
longer operating behind the scenes. WANs are central to
the daily operations and core business of organizations large
and small. However, enterprises must choose from a variety
of ways to implement WANs. This eBook examines the
various types of Wide Area Networks (WANs), and why
IT departments gravitate towards specific WAN solutions.
In addition, the paper provides constructive guidelines
for organizations seeking Local Area to Wide Area
Network extension.
LAN Architecture Over Fiber Optics.pdfVERSITRONINC
LAN is a type of networking architecture that helps to connect multiple computers in a single network. This can be done using fiber optic cable. This article describes fiber-optic LAN architecture, common types of fiber optic LAN network, and its advantages.
Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) has been serving enterprises and operators for years, to the great satisfaction of its users. However, the new IP-based standard developed by the IEEE 802.16 is likely to accelerate adoption of the technology. It will expand the scope of usage thanks to: the possibility of operating in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands,
unique performance under Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions, Quality of Service (QoS) awareness, extension to nomadicity, and more. In parallel, the WiMAX forum, backed by industry leaders, will encourage the widespread adoption of broadband wireless access by establishing a brand for the technology and pushing interoperability between products.
Copper and glass securing the foundation of your 10 gigabit data centersmithponting
How much time and money would you save if you
could assure the performance of your data center’s
10 Gigabit Ethernet network, before you turned
up service? How much confidence would you gain
by knowing the 10 Gigabit cabling was installed
according to standards? This Whitepaper describes
changes 10 Gigabit Ethernet brings to the network
infrastructure and the specific steps you can take
to make your new data center network rock-solid.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
The Metaverse and AI: how can decision-makers harness the Metaverse for their...Jen Stirrup
The Metaverse is popularized in science fiction, and now it is becoming closer to being a part of our daily lives through the use of social media and shopping companies. How can businesses survive in a world where Artificial Intelligence is becoming the present as well as the future of technology, and how does the Metaverse fit into business strategy when futurist ideas are developing into reality at accelerated rates? How do we do this when our data isn't up to scratch? How can we move towards success with our data so we are set up for the Metaverse when it arrives?
How can you help your company evolve, adapt, and succeed using Artificial Intelligence and the Metaverse to stay ahead of the competition? What are the potential issues, complications, and benefits that these technologies could bring to us and our organizations? In this session, Jen Stirrup will explain how to start thinking about these technologies as an organisation.
Welcome to the first live UiPath Community Day Dubai! Join us for this unique occasion to meet our local and global UiPath Community and leaders. You will get a full view of the MEA region's automation landscape and the AI Powered automation technology capabilities of UiPath. Also, hosted by our local partners Marc Ellis, you will enjoy a half-day packed with industry insights and automation peers networking.
📕 Curious on our agenda? Wait no more!
10:00 Welcome note - UiPath Community in Dubai
Lovely Sinha, UiPath Community Chapter Leader, UiPath MVPx3, Hyper-automation Consultant, First Abu Dhabi Bank
10:20 A UiPath cross-region MEA overview
Ashraf El Zarka, VP and Managing Director MEA, UiPath
10:35: Customer Success Journey
Deepthi Deepak, Head of Intelligent Automation CoE, First Abu Dhabi Bank
11:15 The UiPath approach to GenAI with our three principles: improve accuracy, supercharge productivity, and automate more
Boris Krumrey, Global VP, Automation Innovation, UiPath
12:15 To discover how Marc Ellis leverages tech-driven solutions in recruitment and managed services.
Brendan Lingam, Director of Sales and Business Development, Marc Ellis
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdf
Belden - Trapeze Wired/Wireless White Paper
1. Introduction
When installing or upgrading a structured cabling plant, IT departments can demonstrate
significant time and money savings by determining their wireless LAN (WLAN) requirements
and folding them into the project right from the start. The reason is that while WLANs
Smart Planning for New provide over-the-air communication in the access network in areas where mobility and
Network Infrastructures portability are needed, they also create new cabling requirements at the back end, often
in hard-to-reach places. It’s far less expensive and labor intensive to do all cabling at once,
When you have the luxury to cable a
building from scratch, it pays to include
without ceilings, walls and other obstructions in the way, than to install WLAN cabling
wireless networks in your upfront plan later as a separate project.
and budget.
The most common way of deploying WLAN access points (APs) is to mount them in ceilings and
cable them directly to an Ethernet switch port. Generally, a 15- to 20-foot piece of cable called a
By Ahmet Tuncay,
Chief Technology Officer and
service loop is left in the ceiling (Figure 1) in case an AP later needs to be moved slightly to tune
Vice President, Trapeze Networks
coverage or avoid interference from other RF devices, such as wireless phones and microwave
and Paul Kish, Director of ovens. Planning for those cable runs upfront, in addition to your other network cabling needs, is
Systems and Standards, Belden financially and operationally prudent, allowing your organization to purchase all the necessary
materials and labor in bulk with a corresponding volume discount.
If you consider only your wired network as you plan for your new infrastructure, you’ll likely
have to pull additional cabling for your wireless equipment as a separate project. You might
also have to change out some switches and power injectors. That situation can be painful
on a number of fronts.
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Where to Install Wireless Cable
After-the fact Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Other Floors
How to Plan for WiFi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Telecommunications Room First Floor
Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Cable and Power Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 PoE
Service
Ethernet
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Loop
Switch
Telecommunications
Room
Equipment
Room or Application Servers
Data Center Data Video Voice
Riser Public Switched
Cable Telephone Network
Main Cross-
connect Internet
Ethernet Router/
Switch Firewall
Figure 1 . Additional cabling from telecommunications room switches to Wi-Fi mounting locations in ceilings should
be accounted for in the upfront cabling plan, leaving a 15- to 20-foot service loop at the end as wiggle room in case AP
locations later require adjusting.
2. After-the-fact Costs
The after-the-fact approach involves the Ethernet switches, Power over Ethernet (PoE) network design and cabling infrastructure as
cost of opening up ceilings and walls, as well switches and power injectors, phone system one cohesive project makes installing wireless,
as the possible cost of business downtime elements and uninterruptible power supplies, when you are ready, a smooth process with
while the environment remains ripped apart. for example. These active devices require minimal associated costs and headaches.
These factors can increase the overall cabling heating, ventilation and air conditioning
How to Plan for Wi-Fi
project cost by 2 to 4 times, depending on the (HVAC) and AC or DC power and can thus be
size and structural complexity of the property. more costly if installed after the building has If your new building is under construction,
The greater the importance of aesthetics in been constructed. how do you know where ceilings will be for
a building, the more difficult and expensive mounting APs? How do you plan around
These are among the reasons that a
the after-the-fact cabling job is likely to be sources of interference that might eventually
universal IT best practice is to evaluate all
(Figure 2). be present? Don’t you have to wait until the
network infrastructure requirements any
building is actually constructed to figure this
For example, there might be costs associated time a property is built or opened up for
out–when it’s too late to reap the costs of
with patching or repairing walls and ceilings. remodeling. IT personnel are accustomed
pre-planning? Fortunately, the latest Wi-Fi
Network integrator quotes that include to taking these opportunities to visit the
surveying and planning tools eliminate this
structured cabling often do not account for cabling requirements of traditional Ethernet
chicken-and-egg situation by allowing you
these expenses, which can rear their heads switches, desktops, printers, servers and
to electronically pre-design the WLAN before
as unexpected “change orders” not covered routers. But wireless is a comparatively new
the building is even constructed.
by your budget. network type for mainstream use. It simply
might not occur to planners to piggyback Historically, most companies installing
An additional consideration is the cost of the
the network design and cabling aspects Wi-Fi have conducted a physical site survey
cable itself. The cable can cost more if bought
of a current or future wireless project by walking around the building, mounting
in an add-on, incremental quantity, rather
onto the wired one. independent APs in places estimated to be
than as part of your initial volume order.
appropriate for the desired coverage and
Both have significant cabling components
Note, too, that the telecommunications hoping for the best. If there were coverage
to them, though, so they should both be taken
room contains most of the equipment holes or irregular performance in certain
into consideration. Viewing the wired-wireless
required for the distribution network that areas, they have carried handheld or laptop-
supports the wireless APs: based spectrum analysis tools to the area to
troubleshoot the problem. They could then
remount APs or change AP channels to
Sample Wireless Installation Costs
improve performance and coverage.
Building That process has historically worked well
100,000 square feet for small installations of one or two APs.
But it quickly becomes unwieldy as wireless
Option 1
networks become mainstream throughout
Site Survey After Building is In
(without automated tools) Approx . $8,400
the building. A healthy dose of automation
is now necessary to appropriately plan and
Option 2 scale building-wide Wi-Fi networks.
Pre-build Automated Site Survey Approx. $1,500
Site Audit After Equipment is Installed Approx. $3,500
Total Approx . $5,000
Figure 2 . The site survey after building is more accurate than an automated survey, but then you cannot afford
to audit the site for accuracy. An automated site survey gives you good accuracy and low follow up (audit) costs,
making it a better value overall.
2
3. Automated Site Planning Tools
Figure 3 . Using automated site planning tools, which rely on blueprint information, allows you to know ahead of time where your AP cable drops will need to be.
Use Automated Site Planning Tools Such site-planning tools account for the is more difficult to predict in a mobile user
impact of building materials, glass windows, environment than in a traditional wire-line
It has become possible to easily design the
metal doors and other RF attenuators. They environment, where PC-to-Ethernet switch
entire wireless network before the building is
base their design decisions primarily by taking port connections remain stationary. However,
even constructed. All you need is a blueprint
into account these variables on the blueprint. your organization should decide whether it
for the structure and an automated Wi-Fi site
But they also require some basic information intends to give users near-ubiquitous coverage
survey tool. You can import the blueprint into
from you. So you need to make a few upfront throughout the building or whether coverage
the electronic survey and planning program,
decisions, described below. in common areas will suffice.
and it will automatically tell you where to
place APs and how many you will need, That decision might depend on the wireless
based on your wireless goals and what type Make Certain Decisions Upfront applications you wish to support. For example,
of Wi-Fi equipment you intend to purchase. wireless networks that will be supporting
First you need to decide where in the building
Voice over IP (VoIP) as all or part of an internal
One such tool is the RingMaster® management you want network connectivity. Then decide
mobile voice strategy usually require a more
product from Trapeze Networks, a Belden for each location whether that connectivity
dense, overall AP deployment than those that
brand. RingMaster works with Trapeze’s Wi-Fi should be wired, wireless or both.
provide wireless data access. Data networking
WLAN infrastructure equipment both to
Ideally, to create an accurate electronic is far more tolerant of packet loss, delivery
automatically create the wireless network
Wi-Fi design, you should know what delays and jitter than voice. Voice requires
design and to manage the wireless network
applications your WLAN will support, who stable, ubiquitous coverage and minimum
post-deployment (Figure 3).
will have access to the network and where delays when connections are handed off
they are likely to roam throughout the from AP to AP as a user roams.
building. Obviously, the location component
3
4. Installing an AP in each of a few public areas Note that while 802.11a operates in the your facilities using a CAD drawing or even a
(such as meeting rooms, cafeteria and lobby) 5 GHz frequency band, 802.11g operates in clean JPG file. You simply input information
might be sufficient for data access; however, the 2.4 GHz band. 802.11n can operate in about the desired coverage area of the
consistent and predictable voice and location both. These frequencies are relevant network. Then, you ask the program to
service support will require coverage nearly because the higher the frequency, generally, calculate how many APs you’ll need, where
everywhere. That means more APs and, the shorter distance a transmission will travel. the APs should be placed and on what
consequently, more cabling runs to Also, RF signals at higher frequencies channels they should operate so as not to
more places. attenuate more as they travel through interfere with one another. The program will
channels with obstacles, further limiting automatically build the layout and specify at
The same density consideration applies to
signal reach. Because of these transmission what power levels each AP should transmit for
data connections in areas where large groups
traits in the 5 GHz band, it might be necessary the best overall operation, keeping in mind
of people are likely to congregate and use
to deploy a greater number of APs to achieve FCC and other regulatory power limitations.
the network simultaneously, such as in a
the desired coverage (range of transmission)
university lecture hall or in a conference The tool will automatically assign a
than when operating in the lower frequencies.
room at a trade show. channel plan to the wireless network.
Your automated site-planning tool will Your channel plan maps each AP to a specific
figure out the math that goes along with non-interfering channel in the frequency
Choose an 802.11 Technology
these issues to determine appropriate band in which it works. This is somewhat
You’ll also need to decide what Wi-Fi placement and coverage. analogous to creating “virtual cabling” over
technology you will use in your network: the air such that communications don’t
802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11a or some combination. bump into one another.
APs, Placement and Channel Planning
This decision will affect cabling because these
Once your wireless network design
WLAN types run at differing throughput Once you decide on the 802.11
has been created, you can calculate your
speeds and coverage ranges. They also differ technology(ies) you will be using and
physical AP cabling requirements to those
in capability and performance. You might where you need wireless connectivity,
spots and include them in your overall
elect to install a greater number of legacy you can use your site-planning tools
project plan and bid.
APs for coverage or select an AP that supports to automatically lay out the wireless
the latest standards for greater coverage network for you. You upload a floor plan for
and capacity.
Ideally, it makes sense for an organization to
install the newest technology (Draft 802.11n)
available in WLAN equipment, which generally Deployment Tip
offers per-radio data-connect rates of up to
Note that Draft 802 .11n is backward compatible with 802 .11a/b/g networks, so
300 Mb/s. Reasons to do so might include
continuing to install these earlier technologies won’t preclude moving to 11n in the
the following:
future . However, when mixed 802 .11a/b/g/n nodes share the air space in backward-
• A reluctance to invest in so-called “legacy” compatibility mode, 11n clients are likely to take a performance hit . This is because,
technologies. (See Deployment Tip Sidebar) despite a number of airtime fairness mechanisms in Wi-Fi systems, the slowest
device on the network is the gating device .
• A true need for Ethernet-like bandwidth
because of high-consumption applications To avoid compromised 11n performance in a mixed-mode network, use an AP with two
such as multimedia or all-wireless radios: one tuned to the 5 GHz band and the other tuned to the 2 .4 GHz band . Use the
user access. 5 GHz band for 802 .11n APs and clients, creating a “pure 11n” network in that band .
• Stability of cabling for wireless. Because Allow legacy 802 .11g clients to communicate with a 2 .4 GHz “G” radio in the other slot .
you’ll be deploying the latest technology, This way, legacy clients continue to operate as before, without impacting the newer,
you likely won’t have to change your WLAN faster 11n nodes . If you wish to maintain some 802 .11a (a 5 GHz technology) in the mix,
design–or the associated cabling–for the be prepared for 802 .11n to slow down .
foreseeable future.
4
5. Telecommunications Room Typical Capacity of Legacy Infrastructure†
Considerations
Wireless Access Network Telecom Room Data Center
Note that once you know how many APs 11-54 Mb/s 10/100 Mb/s 10/100 Mb/s
you’ll need on each floor, you should make
sure to account for them in the number of
WLAN Controller
Ethernet switch ports you purchase for your
new or upgraded environment. Traditionally,
network planners total up the number of
desktops and printers they plan to have on
a given floor, the number of servers in the
data center, and the occasional router,
storage device and other wired network device
that may need to be connected. From there, PoE Backbone
they usually purchase and install a switch of Ethernet Switch Ethernet Switch
sufficient size in each telecommunications
room–one with at least as many ports as
needed for known devices on that floor or in
the data center plus a few extra for wiggle
room and growth. That port count, on Client Devices Access Points
Ethernet Switches or PoE Switches and power
injectors, should also account for cabled AP Figure 4 . Legacy environments easily accommodate Wi-Fi’s 54 Mb/s maximum data connect rates with Category 5e or
ports, a factor that might easily escape Category 5 cabling and 10/100 Ethernet switches.
network planners. In addition, where you
place your WLAN controllers*–management Typical Capacity of an 802.11n Infrastructure†
appliances that enable AP provisioning and
management–plays a role in how many Wireless Access Network Telecom Room Data Center
switch ports you need on a given floor. If you 108-540 Mb/s 10/100/1000 Mb/s 10/100/1000 Mb/s
deploy a cluster of virtualized controllers all in
the data center, for example, you’ll need a WLAN Controller
corresponding number of data center switch
ports available to support them. If you
distribute some out to the floors, the
controller ports will have to be covered in the
telecommunications room switch purchase. 1 Gb/s x N
Today, it’s advisable to procure gigabit-
speed Ethernet switches for connecting PoE Backbone
wireless APs and controllers, given that Ethernet Switch Ethernet Switch
products supporting the most current WLAN
technology, Draft 802.11n technology, contain
gigabit-speed uplinks. The reason for the
gigabit-speed uplinks is that multiple users
with 100 Mb/s or faster connections will be Client Devices Access Points
accessing an AP simultaneously. The uplink
capacity should be sufficient to support the Figure 5 . If you are deploying a Draft 802.11n Wi-Fi, strongly consider Category 6 cabling for supporting the gigabit-speed
aggregate of the user connection speeds. uplinks of 802.11n equipment. Similarly, telecommunications room switches and data center switches connected to APs and
controllers should support gigabit speeds, and pay attention to the power requirements of the 11n gear.
Otherwise, the telecommunications room
will become a wireless communications †
Controller-based architecture
bottleneck (Figures 4 and 5).
5