Carrier ethernet-for-power-utilities-presentation

Carrier-Grade Ethernet
for Power Utilities
Ensuring Reliable Communications in
the Smart Grid

Carrier-Grade Ethernet for Utilities Slide 1

Agenda

• Towards a Smarter Grid: Utility Networks in Transition
• Carrier-Grade Ethernet Mechanisms
• Timing over Packet Synchronization
• Choosing the Right Packet Network
• Security
• RAD’s Carrier-Grade Ethernet Solutions for Power Utilities


Towards a Smarter Grid


Utility Networks in Transition

• Ethernet, IP, MPLS replace SDH/SONET; higher throughput and lower
OpEx for:
Upgrades to Smart Grid
New applications: Substation automation, IEC 61850 IEDs, WASA
synchrophasors, IP video surveillance
• $3.2 billion spent on utilities telecom equipment in the US – transport
networks second largest category (UTC, 2011)
• RAD survey: 43% of utilities begin migration with backbone comm
network; 28% with SCADA system


Migration Performance Requirements

• Need service assurance for mission critical apps in a
PSN environment:
Low end-to-end delay
High availability (99.99% - 99.999% )
SDH/SONET-level resiliency
• Requirements vary depending on application:
Teleprotection: < 10ms symmetrical delay, minimal
“jitter”
SCADA: May tolerate 1s latency
• Cyber security:
More interconnected devices = more entry points to
protect
Need scalable protection tools


Traffic Types and Transmission over PSN

• Ethernet and IP data and signals from SA IEDs → sent natively over
packet
• TDM traffic, analog voice, serial SCADA, Teleprotection → require
“packetization” or pseudowire emulation (PWE):

Synchronous bit stream is segmented; headers are added to form packet
Packets are forwarded to destination over the PSN network
At destination, headers are removed, original bit stream is reconstructed,
timing regenerated
Common pseudowire emulation standards: CESoPSN, SAToP, TDMoIP


Carrier-Grade Ethernet Mechanisms


Ethernet is Now Carrier-Grade

• Ethernet is no longer a “Best Effort” technology
Engineered by industry to provide SLA-based
performance guarantees, reliability schemes, service
management tools
• Full set of standards developed by the IEEE, ITU-T,
MEF
• Metro Ethernet Forum = a consortium of carriers,
service providers, equipment vendors promoting
Carrier Ethernet adoption
• Extensive deployments of premium Ethernet
services with double digit growth worldwide

Can now provide deterministic quality of service, predictable latency and jitter
performance for mission-critical substation applications: SCADA, IEC 61850
GOOSE, etc


Extensive Traffic Management and
Quality of Service Toolset

• Classification of incoming traffic into flows, e.g., IEC 60870-5-
104, DNP3 per DSCP, 61850 GOOSE traffic per PCP, VLAN-ID
• Metering and policing to regulate traffic with different bandwidth
profiles
• Advanced scheduling and queue management to ensure minimal
latency and jitter
• Shaping to smooth out bursts and avoid buffer overruns in
subsequent network elements
• Packet editing and marking to signal proper handling instructions for
subsequent network elements


Performance Monitoring and Testing

• A wealth of carrier-grade Ethernet tools to remotely test, monitor
and troubleshoot the operation of communications links
• Utility network operators anticipate service degradation ahead of
time, as well as cut down truck-rolls and on-site technician calls

Fault
Connectivity Fault Performance
Stress Testing Propagation
Verification Detection Monitoring
& Isolation


Communications Channel Resiliency

• Hardware redundancy:
No single point of failure (NSPF) design with redundant, hot-swappable
power supplies
Redundant control plane and switch fabric cards
• Link redundancy:
1+1 protection topology with automatic switchover between links
Link aggregation group (LAG) per IEEE 802.3-2005 LACP (link
aggregation control protocol) for Ethernet-based services
• Path protection:
Ethernet Linear protection Switching (G.8031) , AKA “EVC (Ethernet
Virtual Connection) protection”
Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (G.8032 ERPS) to provide Five Nines
(99.999%) availability


Timing over Packet (ToP)
Synchronization
• PSNs require complementary clock transfer solutions with a high
level of precision
• ~1ms highest accuracy level required today for utility
applications
Upcoming Smart Grid apps will require 1μs and better
Time of Day (ToD) required for synchrophasors and to avoid
cascading blackouts
• GPS is accurate but costly, susceptible to jamming
• ITU-T Synchronous Ethernet (Sync-E)
Uses the Ethernet physical layer to accurately distribute frequency
• IETF NTP and IEEE 1588-2008 Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
Exchange timestamp information to deliver frequency and ToD
• Many network operators use Sync-E for frequency distribution
and PTP for time synchronization


Choosing the Right Packet Network


Comparing Technology Options

Utility network operators need to choose which technology to employ:
• IP
• MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching)
• Carrier-grade Ethernet

Protocol OAM/APS Security
IP No standard end-to-end Strong (IPsec)
mechanisms
MPLS Recently developed for No built-in security
MPLS-TP
Ethernet Carrier-grade Several security
mechanisms defined
(802.1X, MACsec)


Option 1: Combining Ethernet Access
with MPLS Core

Ethernet GOOSE delivered directly = No
Lower cost per port
tunneling/conversion over MPLS core
Richer OAM, PM tools
Advanced protection
mechanisms

Maintain existing
access media installed
base

Option 2: Replace SDH/SONET with
Ethernet Operational Network
Scalable IP/MPLS for IT/enterprise network
 VoIP, IP video, internet connectivity, billing

IT/Enterprise Substation
Center IT/Enterprise Multiservice RTU
IP/MPLS Network Access RS-232
Node
Teleprotection
VoIP Operational X.21
Ethernet Network PBX
E1

Ethernet
Service
Aggregation
Platform
1 GbE / 10 GbE
Ring

Ethernet Service
Aggregation
Platform
 Simplified architecture Operational
Substation
and management Center Multiservice
RS-232
RTU
Access
 Increased security NMS Node
Teleprotection
 Lower latency Replace SDH/SONET X.21
SCADA
 Assured QoS PBX
operational network with E1
 Ongoing performance
monitoring
Carrier-Grade L2 Ethernet
 SCADA, Teleprotection,
Automation

Security


Layered Security Approach

• Utility networks require “Defense in Depth” implementing multiple
levels of protection:

• Should be deployed in the network without adding too many
dedicated security appliances on top of the communications
infrastructure


RAD’s Carrier-Grade Ethernet
Solutions for Power Utilities


Full Portfolio for Power Utility Networks

IPmux
Megaplex ETX-A
TDM Pseudowire
Multiservice Access Carrier Ethernet
Gateway
Platforms over Fiber

ETX-5300A RICi-GE RADiFlow
Multiservice Ethernet over NG-SDH Service-Aware
Aggregation Secure Ethernet
Platform Switches


Ensuring a Smooth Migration

• Hybrid SDH/SONET and PSN access solutions
Allow utilities to choose the migration path
that best suits their needs
Deterministic QoS for NGN services and
advanced grid applications over TDM or packet
transport
Service continuity for legacy equipment

• Multi-standard ToP synchronization, including 1588
Grandmaster functionality in the same communications
device
• Ethernet switches with cyber security and authentication
protocols


Conclusion

• Ethernet has been engineered and standardized and now includes
critical “must haves” for NG utility networks:
Robust clock accuracy
Traffic management and hard/hierarchical QoS
Resiliency
On-going performance monitoring
Support for legacy services and traffic
Security
• A combination of carrier-grade Ethernet in the access/aggregation
with an MPLS core can address the needs of the Smart Grid
• RAD offers a wide selection of utility-grade solutions to ensure high
performance, cost-effective and easy migration

Download comprehensive Carrier-Grade Ethernet for Power Utilities
Solution Paper


Thank You
For Your
Attention

www.rad.com


Carrier ethernet-for-power-utilities-presentation

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