So many incidents happened in a few months and these are not consequences, let’s see the facts and wait for investigation results. But most importantly pray for deceased souls family.
An explosion occurred at the Port of Beirut in Lebanon in August 2020 caused by the ignition of a fire in a warehouse containing 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate that had been stored unsafely for over 6 years. The explosion was estimated to be equivalent to 1.1 kilotons of TNT, destroyed thousands of homes and displaced over 300,000 people. It occurred due to negligence and lack of proper regulation by the authorities despite warnings about the dangerous storage conditions. The hospital disaster plan was overwhelmed but volunteers and aid organizations helped with clean up and medical treatment in the aftermath.
Among the world’s various sources of energy, petroleum is the most widely used and important natural resource. This module explains the world's petroleum resources, in general.
What is Crude oil
Role of Crude oil in global economy
Exploration of Crude Oil.
Drilling of petroleum and natural gas
Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
Evaluation of Gasoline
Evaluation of diesel
The document compares various alternative fuels to gasoline across multiple properties. It provides information on the chemical structure, fuel material/feedstocks, energy content and gasoline gallon equivalents of fuels like biodiesel, propane, compressed natural gas, ethanol and hydrogen. The document also discusses factors like maintenance issues, energy security impacts and references for further information on various fuel properties.
Crude oil is a naturally occurring fossil fuel that is refined into many consumer products. It is a black, thick liquid called "black gold" due to its economic importance as a non-renewable resource where demand exceeds supply, leading to price increases. An international organization called OPEC controls global oil prices. Rising prices negatively impact economies by increasing inflation, slowing growth, and reducing employment. Alternatives to petroleum such as natural gas, biodiesel, hybrids, and renewable energy can help address these issues.
The document discusses the dangers of nuclear energy at each stage from mining to waste disposal. It notes that radiation levels continually increase at each stage and contaminate large areas. Nuclear accidents can make areas uninhabitable for thousands of years and impact vegetation, agriculture, animals and human health through increased cancer risks and birth defects. While renewable sources like solar and wind are presented as cheaper alternatives that do not pose the same risks, nuclear power is promoted in India due to lucrative business and commission opportunities for foreign companies and politicians.
this presentation deals with the types, formation, depletion, conservation of coal. it also includes the various advantages and disadvantages of it. other sources of energy are also include.
The Bhopal gas tragedy occurred on the night of December 2nd-3rd, 1984 when a leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from the Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh exposed hundreds of thousands of local residents. Over 500,000 people were affected by the toxic gases, resulting in thousands of deaths in the following weeks and years and many long term health issues among survivors. The incident was one of the world's worst industrial disasters due to the corporation's negligence of safety systems and protocols.
An explosion occurred at the Port of Beirut in Lebanon in August 2020 caused by the ignition of a fire in a warehouse containing 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate that had been stored unsafely for over 6 years. The explosion was estimated to be equivalent to 1.1 kilotons of TNT, destroyed thousands of homes and displaced over 300,000 people. It occurred due to negligence and lack of proper regulation by the authorities despite warnings about the dangerous storage conditions. The hospital disaster plan was overwhelmed but volunteers and aid organizations helped with clean up and medical treatment in the aftermath.
Among the world’s various sources of energy, petroleum is the most widely used and important natural resource. This module explains the world's petroleum resources, in general.
What is Crude oil
Role of Crude oil in global economy
Exploration of Crude Oil.
Drilling of petroleum and natural gas
Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
Evaluation of Gasoline
Evaluation of diesel
The document compares various alternative fuels to gasoline across multiple properties. It provides information on the chemical structure, fuel material/feedstocks, energy content and gasoline gallon equivalents of fuels like biodiesel, propane, compressed natural gas, ethanol and hydrogen. The document also discusses factors like maintenance issues, energy security impacts and references for further information on various fuel properties.
Crude oil is a naturally occurring fossil fuel that is refined into many consumer products. It is a black, thick liquid called "black gold" due to its economic importance as a non-renewable resource where demand exceeds supply, leading to price increases. An international organization called OPEC controls global oil prices. Rising prices negatively impact economies by increasing inflation, slowing growth, and reducing employment. Alternatives to petroleum such as natural gas, biodiesel, hybrids, and renewable energy can help address these issues.
The document discusses the dangers of nuclear energy at each stage from mining to waste disposal. It notes that radiation levels continually increase at each stage and contaminate large areas. Nuclear accidents can make areas uninhabitable for thousands of years and impact vegetation, agriculture, animals and human health through increased cancer risks and birth defects. While renewable sources like solar and wind are presented as cheaper alternatives that do not pose the same risks, nuclear power is promoted in India due to lucrative business and commission opportunities for foreign companies and politicians.
this presentation deals with the types, formation, depletion, conservation of coal. it also includes the various advantages and disadvantages of it. other sources of energy are also include.
The Bhopal gas tragedy occurred on the night of December 2nd-3rd, 1984 when a leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from the Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh exposed hundreds of thousands of local residents. Over 500,000 people were affected by the toxic gases, resulting in thousands of deaths in the following weeks and years and many long term health issues among survivors. The incident was one of the world's worst industrial disasters due to the corporation's negligence of safety systems and protocols.
The Oil and Natural Gas Value Chain; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY STRUCTURE; THE AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS SECTOR; Business Cycle of Upstream; Components of the Upstream Sector; Upstream Oil Company Targets; MIDSTREAM SECTOR; DOWNSTREAM PROCESS AND SECTOR; Distribution of Refined Products; PETROLEUM REFINING; Distillation of Crude Oil; PETROLEUM COMPANIES TYPES; International Oil Companies (IOCs); Nation Oil Companies (NOCs); Operator Companies (or Exploration and Production (E &P) Companies); Types of exploration and production companies; Service Petroleum Companies; Types of service companies; MAIN PETROLEUM COMPANIES PARTICIPANTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL OIL MARKET; SEVEN SISTERS (or ANGLO-SAXON) ; Composition and history; New Seven Sisters
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black mixture of hydrocarbons found beneath the Earth's surface. It is formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. The key components of petroleum are carbon (83-87%) and hydrogen (10-14%). It is extracted through oil wells and transported via pipelines, trucks, rail, and tankers. Major uses include gasoline and other fuels. While a valuable resource, petroleum also causes environmental issues like pollution from spills and greenhouse gas emissions.
The document provides an overview of coal trading and discusses the following key points:
- It covers 4 sessions on coal basics, coal trade, contracts and quality, and trading coal and price risk management.
- Session 1 introduces coal classification, properties, mining methods, uses in electricity generation, steel and cement production.
- Session 2 discusses India's large coal reserves, domestic production and imports, key exporting countries and their infrastructure. India's dependence on coal imports is increasing due to stagnant domestic production.
- Session 3 covers typical coal contracts, quality parameters, sampling issues, and the supply chain. Contracts specify parameters like ash, calorific value and penalties for deviations.
- Session 4
The 2010 earthquake in Haiti caused widespread damage and loss of life. It occurred on January 12th near the capital city of Port-au-Prince, registering a magnitude of 7.0. Over 300,000 people were killed by collapsed buildings and infrastructure due to a lack of earthquake-resistant construction and safety standards. The government's buildings were destroyed, hampering coordination of emergency response. Difficulties delivering aid through rubble-clogged streets exacerbated the death toll and long-term impacts, including over 1 million remaining displaced a year later.
LPG, or liquefied petroleum gas, is a mixture of propane and butane that can be liquefied under pressure for storage and transport. It was first developed in the early 1900s and is now widely used as a fuel, especially for cooking and vehicles. LPG is produced during the processing of natural gas and oil refining. It provides a clean-burning alternative fuel and is used in over 40 countries around the world for various applications including household, commercial, industrial, and agricultural uses.
A small, compact case study on the Chernobyl disaster. I have made this presentation because I deeply grieve for the loss of every person who suffered by the hand of the horrendous disaster.
This document summarizes a summer internship project on pollution from coal-based DRI plants. It provides background on DRI production, noting it is a method to produce solid iron from iron oxide without coking coal. DRI production in India has increased significantly in recent years. The document outlines the DRI process and inputs/outputs, identifying particulate matter, SO2, NOx, and CO as main pollutants. It discusses regulatory air pollution standards and water usage at DRI plants. In summary, it analyzes pollution sources from coal-based DRI production and the impact on the surrounding environment.
This document provides a feasibility study for setting up an iron ore pellet project in Orissa, India. It begins with an acknowledgements section and executive summary. It then provides background on iron ore as a commodity in India, an overview of the Sara Group, and details on Sara International Limited's iron ore division. It examines Orissa's potential for iron ore projects due to its large reserves. It assesses sites in Barbil and Gopalpur for supplier availability and port infrastructure. Financial calculations are presented for a potential project. Key considerations are outlined. Appendices provide additional data on Orissa mines, pellet benefits, and supplier details. The recommendation is that Sara International Limited should establish an iron ore pelletizing project lever
Underground mining methods include:
1) Room-and-pillar mining which leaves pillars of unmined ore to support the mine but has a low ore recovery rate.
2) Longwall mining which uses temporary support that is removed allowing the worked area to collapse and maximize ore recovery but can cause subsidence or rockbursts.
3) Choice of mining method depends on factors like the orebody shape and orientation, grade, depth, and impacts on surface environment and land use.
Conversion of Underground Mine to Open Cast MineAbdul Mujeeb
This document discusses the conversion of underground coal mines to opencast mines. Underground mining is becoming uneconomical, so coal reserves trapped in underground mine pillars need to be extracted through opencast mining. The key steps in conversion involve isolating underground workings, conducting surveys of workings, dividing the mine area into safety zones, compacting galleries through drilling and blasting, and extracting coal while preventing collapse of underground structures. Attention to surveying, drilling patterns, charging, blasting procedures, and marking excavated areas is important to ensure safety during conversion. The Gouthamkhani opencast project is provided as a case study, with details on its reserves, production, geology, machinery, and mine plan.
Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid found beneath the Earth's surface. It is composed primarily of hydrocarbons such as carbon and hydrogen. Crude oil is extracted from the ground through oil wells, either because it flows naturally due to underground pressures or through mechanical pumping. There are several theories for the origin of petroleum, but the modern theory is that it formed from the decomposition of marine organisms and terrestrial plant material over millions of years. Once extracted, crude oil undergoes processing to remove impurities and separate it into useful petroleum products through distillation. These products include fuels like gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, as well as other commodities like lubricating oils, asphalt and
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons formed from the remains of ancient organisms. It is extracted using drilling rigs and transported by ship or pipeline to refineries. There, fractional distillation separates the hydrocarbons based on boiling point into useful fractions like gasoline and diesel. These are used as fuels, producing carbon dioxide and water through combustion. Cracking produces smaller hydrocarbons to better match supply and demand. Alkenes like ethene are used to produce polymers for plastics.
Methane gas is released from coal seams during mining, posing an explosion hazard if allowed to accumulate between its lower (5%) and upper (15%) explosive limits in air. Proper mine ventilation is needed to dilute methane concentrations and prevent explosions from sparks or flames. When methane burns or explodes, it produces carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat. Preventive measures include adequate ventilation, prohibiting smoking and open flames, monitoring methane levels, maintaining electrical equipment, and controlling methane emissions from abandoned areas and coal faces.
An explosion occurred at a British Petroleum oil refinery in Texas in 2005, killing 15 people and injuring 170. The explosion was caused by a buildup of hydrocarbon vapors from a malfunctioning isomerization process unit. An investigation found that safety systems had deficiencies, procedures were not followed, and organizational weaknesses like inadequate training and a culture of noncompliance contributed to the accident. The explosion resulted in OSHA fines against BP and lawsuits from victims' families.
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986 in Ukraine was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history. When the reactor core was damaged during a safety test, it caused two explosions and released large amounts of radioactive material into the atmosphere. Over 100,000 people had to be evacuated from the surrounding area. Many people suffered long-term health effects such as increased cancer rates, and the environment was also contaminated over a large region. The accident highlighted issues with the Soviet nuclear reactor design and lack of safety precautions that led to the disaster.
Coal is classified into three main types - anthracite, bituminous, and lignite - based on carbon content and heat value. Bituminous and sub-bituminous are most common in India. Proximate analysis determines the percentages of fixed carbon, volatile matter, moisture, and ash in coal, which influence its combustibility. Ultimate analysis identifies the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur content. Proper coal storage, handling, and preparation help ensure efficient combustion in boilers.
The Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984 was one of the worst industrial disasters in history. A leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India exposed over 500,000 people to toxic gases. Immediate deaths reached over 2,000 and thousands more have since died from injuries or illnesses caused by exposure. Survivors continue to suffer from respiratory disorders, cancer, and reproductive issues due to the toxic contamination. The disaster was caused by failures in safety systems at the plant and corners cut by Union Carbide on safety and maintenance to save money.
The document summarizes the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy in India, which was the world's worst industrial disaster. In December 1984, a leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal exposed over 500,000 people. At least 3,787 people died and thousands more suffered injuries and long-term health issues. Factors that contributed to the leak included poor safety systems at the plant, corrosion of pipes and tanks containing toxic gases, and the plant being located near a densely populated area. The tragedy highlighted issues of corporate responsibility, environmental regulations, and compensation for victims of industrial disasters.
This document summarizes the significant social, economic, and fiscal impacts that Lebanon has faced due to hosting over 1 million Syrian refugees since the beginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011. It notes that Lebanon's debt has risen to 138% of GDP, unemployment has doubled to over 20%, and 190,000 additional Lebanese have been pushed into poverty. The cumulative economic losses from 2011-2015 amount to over $15 billion, equivalent to 11.3% of GDP. Key infrastructure like electricity, schools, and hospitals have been severely strained. While Lebanon has provided schooling and services to refugees, over 220,000 Syrian children remain unschooled. International support has fallen far short of what is needed to address the massive costs incurred by
This document provides an overview of recent economic and political developments in Libya. It discusses Libya opening up to foreign investment after sanctions were lifted, with a focus on reforming state-controlled industries and privatizing some companies. The banking, construction and oil industries are expanding. Relations between Libya and the US have greatly improved, and American oil companies are investing in Libya's large oil reserves. The economy remains reliant on oil exports but there is a push to diversify sectors like agriculture, tourism and manufacturing.
The Oil and Natural Gas Value Chain; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY STRUCTURE; THE AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS SECTOR; Business Cycle of Upstream; Components of the Upstream Sector; Upstream Oil Company Targets; MIDSTREAM SECTOR; DOWNSTREAM PROCESS AND SECTOR; Distribution of Refined Products; PETROLEUM REFINING; Distillation of Crude Oil; PETROLEUM COMPANIES TYPES; International Oil Companies (IOCs); Nation Oil Companies (NOCs); Operator Companies (or Exploration and Production (E &P) Companies); Types of exploration and production companies; Service Petroleum Companies; Types of service companies; MAIN PETROLEUM COMPANIES PARTICIPANTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL OIL MARKET; SEVEN SISTERS (or ANGLO-SAXON) ; Composition and history; New Seven Sisters
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black mixture of hydrocarbons found beneath the Earth's surface. It is formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. The key components of petroleum are carbon (83-87%) and hydrogen (10-14%). It is extracted through oil wells and transported via pipelines, trucks, rail, and tankers. Major uses include gasoline and other fuels. While a valuable resource, petroleum also causes environmental issues like pollution from spills and greenhouse gas emissions.
The document provides an overview of coal trading and discusses the following key points:
- It covers 4 sessions on coal basics, coal trade, contracts and quality, and trading coal and price risk management.
- Session 1 introduces coal classification, properties, mining methods, uses in electricity generation, steel and cement production.
- Session 2 discusses India's large coal reserves, domestic production and imports, key exporting countries and their infrastructure. India's dependence on coal imports is increasing due to stagnant domestic production.
- Session 3 covers typical coal contracts, quality parameters, sampling issues, and the supply chain. Contracts specify parameters like ash, calorific value and penalties for deviations.
- Session 4
The 2010 earthquake in Haiti caused widespread damage and loss of life. It occurred on January 12th near the capital city of Port-au-Prince, registering a magnitude of 7.0. Over 300,000 people were killed by collapsed buildings and infrastructure due to a lack of earthquake-resistant construction and safety standards. The government's buildings were destroyed, hampering coordination of emergency response. Difficulties delivering aid through rubble-clogged streets exacerbated the death toll and long-term impacts, including over 1 million remaining displaced a year later.
LPG, or liquefied petroleum gas, is a mixture of propane and butane that can be liquefied under pressure for storage and transport. It was first developed in the early 1900s and is now widely used as a fuel, especially for cooking and vehicles. LPG is produced during the processing of natural gas and oil refining. It provides a clean-burning alternative fuel and is used in over 40 countries around the world for various applications including household, commercial, industrial, and agricultural uses.
A small, compact case study on the Chernobyl disaster. I have made this presentation because I deeply grieve for the loss of every person who suffered by the hand of the horrendous disaster.
This document summarizes a summer internship project on pollution from coal-based DRI plants. It provides background on DRI production, noting it is a method to produce solid iron from iron oxide without coking coal. DRI production in India has increased significantly in recent years. The document outlines the DRI process and inputs/outputs, identifying particulate matter, SO2, NOx, and CO as main pollutants. It discusses regulatory air pollution standards and water usage at DRI plants. In summary, it analyzes pollution sources from coal-based DRI production and the impact on the surrounding environment.
This document provides a feasibility study for setting up an iron ore pellet project in Orissa, India. It begins with an acknowledgements section and executive summary. It then provides background on iron ore as a commodity in India, an overview of the Sara Group, and details on Sara International Limited's iron ore division. It examines Orissa's potential for iron ore projects due to its large reserves. It assesses sites in Barbil and Gopalpur for supplier availability and port infrastructure. Financial calculations are presented for a potential project. Key considerations are outlined. Appendices provide additional data on Orissa mines, pellet benefits, and supplier details. The recommendation is that Sara International Limited should establish an iron ore pelletizing project lever
Underground mining methods include:
1) Room-and-pillar mining which leaves pillars of unmined ore to support the mine but has a low ore recovery rate.
2) Longwall mining which uses temporary support that is removed allowing the worked area to collapse and maximize ore recovery but can cause subsidence or rockbursts.
3) Choice of mining method depends on factors like the orebody shape and orientation, grade, depth, and impacts on surface environment and land use.
Conversion of Underground Mine to Open Cast MineAbdul Mujeeb
This document discusses the conversion of underground coal mines to opencast mines. Underground mining is becoming uneconomical, so coal reserves trapped in underground mine pillars need to be extracted through opencast mining. The key steps in conversion involve isolating underground workings, conducting surveys of workings, dividing the mine area into safety zones, compacting galleries through drilling and blasting, and extracting coal while preventing collapse of underground structures. Attention to surveying, drilling patterns, charging, blasting procedures, and marking excavated areas is important to ensure safety during conversion. The Gouthamkhani opencast project is provided as a case study, with details on its reserves, production, geology, machinery, and mine plan.
Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a naturally occurring liquid found beneath the Earth's surface. It is composed primarily of hydrocarbons such as carbon and hydrogen. Crude oil is extracted from the ground through oil wells, either because it flows naturally due to underground pressures or through mechanical pumping. There are several theories for the origin of petroleum, but the modern theory is that it formed from the decomposition of marine organisms and terrestrial plant material over millions of years. Once extracted, crude oil undergoes processing to remove impurities and separate it into useful petroleum products through distillation. These products include fuels like gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, as well as other commodities like lubricating oils, asphalt and
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons formed from the remains of ancient organisms. It is extracted using drilling rigs and transported by ship or pipeline to refineries. There, fractional distillation separates the hydrocarbons based on boiling point into useful fractions like gasoline and diesel. These are used as fuels, producing carbon dioxide and water through combustion. Cracking produces smaller hydrocarbons to better match supply and demand. Alkenes like ethene are used to produce polymers for plastics.
Methane gas is released from coal seams during mining, posing an explosion hazard if allowed to accumulate between its lower (5%) and upper (15%) explosive limits in air. Proper mine ventilation is needed to dilute methane concentrations and prevent explosions from sparks or flames. When methane burns or explodes, it produces carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat. Preventive measures include adequate ventilation, prohibiting smoking and open flames, monitoring methane levels, maintaining electrical equipment, and controlling methane emissions from abandoned areas and coal faces.
An explosion occurred at a British Petroleum oil refinery in Texas in 2005, killing 15 people and injuring 170. The explosion was caused by a buildup of hydrocarbon vapors from a malfunctioning isomerization process unit. An investigation found that safety systems had deficiencies, procedures were not followed, and organizational weaknesses like inadequate training and a culture of noncompliance contributed to the accident. The explosion resulted in OSHA fines against BP and lawsuits from victims' families.
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986 in Ukraine was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history. When the reactor core was damaged during a safety test, it caused two explosions and released large amounts of radioactive material into the atmosphere. Over 100,000 people had to be evacuated from the surrounding area. Many people suffered long-term health effects such as increased cancer rates, and the environment was also contaminated over a large region. The accident highlighted issues with the Soviet nuclear reactor design and lack of safety precautions that led to the disaster.
Coal is classified into three main types - anthracite, bituminous, and lignite - based on carbon content and heat value. Bituminous and sub-bituminous are most common in India. Proximate analysis determines the percentages of fixed carbon, volatile matter, moisture, and ash in coal, which influence its combustibility. Ultimate analysis identifies the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur content. Proper coal storage, handling, and preparation help ensure efficient combustion in boilers.
The Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984 was one of the worst industrial disasters in history. A leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India exposed over 500,000 people to toxic gases. Immediate deaths reached over 2,000 and thousands more have since died from injuries or illnesses caused by exposure. Survivors continue to suffer from respiratory disorders, cancer, and reproductive issues due to the toxic contamination. The disaster was caused by failures in safety systems at the plant and corners cut by Union Carbide on safety and maintenance to save money.
The document summarizes the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy in India, which was the world's worst industrial disaster. In December 1984, a leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal exposed over 500,000 people. At least 3,787 people died and thousands more suffered injuries and long-term health issues. Factors that contributed to the leak included poor safety systems at the plant, corrosion of pipes and tanks containing toxic gases, and the plant being located near a densely populated area. The tragedy highlighted issues of corporate responsibility, environmental regulations, and compensation for victims of industrial disasters.
This document summarizes the significant social, economic, and fiscal impacts that Lebanon has faced due to hosting over 1 million Syrian refugees since the beginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011. It notes that Lebanon's debt has risen to 138% of GDP, unemployment has doubled to over 20%, and 190,000 additional Lebanese have been pushed into poverty. The cumulative economic losses from 2011-2015 amount to over $15 billion, equivalent to 11.3% of GDP. Key infrastructure like electricity, schools, and hospitals have been severely strained. While Lebanon has provided schooling and services to refugees, over 220,000 Syrian children remain unschooled. International support has fallen far short of what is needed to address the massive costs incurred by
This document provides an overview of recent economic and political developments in Libya. It discusses Libya opening up to foreign investment after sanctions were lifted, with a focus on reforming state-controlled industries and privatizing some companies. The banking, construction and oil industries are expanding. Relations between Libya and the US have greatly improved, and American oil companies are investing in Libya's large oil reserves. The economy remains reliant on oil exports but there is a push to diversify sectors like agriculture, tourism and manufacturing.
Liberia has a poor, underdeveloped economy due largely to civil war from 1989-1996. Agriculture, specifically crops like rubber and palm oil, and raw materials like iron ore and diamonds, form the backbone of Liberia's economy. In recent years, the mining and machinery sectors have grown due to foreign investment. However, the majority of Liberians still rely on subsistence agriculture. Future economic prospects depend on continued foreign investment and growth in trade, as well as implementing sound economic policies and rebuilding infrastructure.
22 Sept 2008--Reply to Joia Nuri of TransAfrica ForumEconReport
This document is a response to an article concerning Zimbabwe's economic problems. It argues that Zimbabwe and many other nations are not truly economically independent as their economies rely on international currencies and banks. It states that most countries are dependent on the US dollar and Western financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank for financing, and are therefore subject to their monetary policies rather than being able to develop their own economies based on their natural resources. It suggests that for Zimbabwe and other nations to gain true economic freedom, they need to disconnect their currencies from Western currencies and instead link them to the value of their own natural resources.
The document outlines Libya's National Economic Development Board's request for proposals from consultancy services to strategically manage Libya's large-scale development program starting in 2008. It provides background on Libya's economy, achievements in development since the 1969 revolution, and challenges faced. It describes the scope of work for the consultancy, which includes designing a quality management system, conducting scenario planning, evaluating projects and contracting processes, monitoring technical/socioeconomic/financial parameters, and building national capacity. The development program aims to improve standards of living while ensuring quality, effectiveness and economic competitiveness.
Harnessing Natural Resources For National Development: Solid Minerals As The ...Above Whispers
Speech by
H.E. Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON
Minister of Solid Minerals Development
at the
3RD CHIEF (DR.) JOHN AGBOOLA ODEYEMI ANNUAL LECTURE
Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria | Friday, April 29, 2016
Marwan Kheireddine on navigating challenges and anticipating the future.pdfMarwan Kheireddine
Marwan Kheireddine is a businessman, former political figure, and advocate for technology-driven transformation in Lebanon's banking sector. With expertise in digital banking, cybersecurity, and financial inclusion, he envisions an innovative and inclusive future for Lebanon's financial landscape.
This document provides examples of interconnectedness and interdependence in globalization across several topics: multinational corporations and their large economic power; measures of economic activity like GDP and changes over time; international trade agreements like NAFTA and OPEC setting oil prices; worldwide stock market crashes and oil crises affecting many nations; debt and poverty issues especially in the global south; the shift to more women in the workforce; privatization policies promoted by organizations like the World Bank; and the formation of trade alliances like GATT and the WTO to establish global trade rules.
This document provides an overview of Sierra Leone, including its geography, ethnic groups, economy, healthcare system, and key tourist attractions. Sierra Leone has a tropical climate and is located in West Africa. It has a population of over 7 million people from various ethnic groups. Though it has natural resources, its economy and development have been hampered by civil war and disease outbreaks. The healthcare system struggles with lack of infrastructure, personnel, and equipment. Maternal and child mortality rates remain very high. Major cities include the capital Freetown, and popular destinations include beaches, national parks, and chimpanzee sanctuaries.
Updated 7 August 2014. What can and can't be sold to Libya? This summary analysis looks at Libya's political, economic and business climate, its defence and security equipment needs, what is exempt from the UN and EU Embargoes (much more than you might think), what other export control issues might be relevant, what specifically has been approved for export recently and how to avoid delays with an export licence application. We can provide similar or more detailed analyses for all emerging markets, tailored to specific types of goods, and can help exporters navigate the UK export controls process.
International aid flows to lebanon(cipe)Mostapha Raad
In collaboration with the Center for International Private Enterprise CIPE, the Lebanese Transparency Association – La Fassad has the pleasure to publish its “International Aid flow to Lebanon” report. The study is focusing on the period between 2011 and 2017, and mainly covers an overview about the International Aid Scheme, a mapping of key donors and recipients, the regulatory framework and mechanisms, and recommendations.
The document discusses the 2011 Libyan civil war and revolution that overthrew the government of Muammar Gaddafi. It provides background on the protests against Gaddafi's government, the formation of the opposition National Transitional Council, and the impact of the conflict on Libya's economy and society. It also examines issues like human rights abuses during the war, challenges in rebuilding Libya, and calls to the NTC to uphold the rule of law and prevent further violence.
Paul Biya - President of Cameroon - Speeches 2015Paul Biya
This document contains the text of a speech given by the Head of State in response to New Year wishes from the Diplomatic Corps. In the speech, the Head of State discusses several geopolitical issues from the past year, including conflicts in the Middle East, Ukraine, and threats from Boko Haram in Cameroon. The Head of State emphasizes that Boko Haram poses a global threat that requires a global response. He also comments on Cameroon's economic outlook, praising efforts to continue structural reforms amid an uncertain global economic environment.
- Gunnar Myrdal was an active leader in the Swedish Social Democratic Party and served as a Senator and Minister of Commerce. After WWII, he was executive secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Europe.
- Myrdal discussed problems facing poor countries in his book "Asian Drama." The book had three major themes: the widening gap between rich and poor countries, that standard economic theory is inadequate to narrow this gap, and that governments in poor countries must play a large role in promoting economic development.
- The document then provides statistics on the top 10 poorest countries in the world according to GDP per capita, with Malawi ranked as the poorest at $226.50 GDP per capita.
An Overview of Libyan Economy: Oil and Non-Oil Industries Regulations and Con...inventionjournals
This paper presents a picture of economic development in Libya, with a focus on the adverse effects of development on the environment. In this context, we present an overview of environment-related laws and regulations issued according to successive government policies. The oil-based sector is especially culpable in incidents negatively affecting the environment and wellbeing of surrounding communities in Libya.
Globalization against illegal immigrationElena Divizia
Italy needs cooperation from other European Union countries to effectively address its illegal immigration problem. As a Mediterranean country, Italy receives large flows of immigrants from North Africa but has difficulty controlling its borders alone. The EU recognizes this challenge and is working to develop a common immigration policy based on principles like solidarity, integration, and transparency. This includes controlling external borders through agencies like Frontex and negotiating agreements with origin countries. Italy is also forming new partnerships with Mediterranean states like Libya, Turkey, and Malta to manage immigration across the region in a comprehensive manner.
An afro arab spring - socio-political trajectories in stemming the tide of th...Costy Costantinos
The financial, economic and for many, the livelihood, crisis that erupted in 2008 showed a cliffy downward freefall of economic trajectories unheard of in recent memory. The outbreak of the financial crisis provoked a broad liquidation of investments, substantial loss in wealth worldwide, a tightening of lending conditions, and a widespread increase in uncertainty. Higher borrowing costs and tighter credit conditions, coupled with the increase in uncertainty provoked a global flight to quality, caused firms to cut back on investment expenditures, and households to delay purchases of big-ticket items. Unemployment is on the rise, bringing with it a substantial deterioration in conditions for the most vulnerable. The sharp rise in commodity prices eventually resulted in The Arab Spring
This article discusses how the pro-democracy revolutions in Libya and other parts of the Middle East could push oil prices beyond record levels. It notes that Libya's oil supply has been impacted by the revolt, in contrast to Egypt which had little effect. It predicts that oil prices could rise to between $115-$120 per barrel in the short term and potentially reach $220 per barrel if the crisis escalates. The article outlines how the revolts spread among countries in the region demanding democracy and describes Libya's violent response under Gaddafi which threatens key oil infrastructure and could severely damage its economy. It concludes that international pressure against Gaddafi and increased production from other OPEC nations may help stabilize prices in the short term but volatility will persist
Do you agree on correspondent banking influence with Spy Network Principle?Mukesh Ray
with an amazing comparison with spy network and correspondent banking, it's amazing to know the banking some concept came from military strategies. And I hope this comparison will help us to understand correspendent concept
China intelligence sharing alliance with pakistanMukesh Ray
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This points to the present scenario, the world is heading towards the biggest destruction mode. so many incidents shook the world. we have to rethink about survival and business techniques to survive.
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The world waiting for another industrial catastrophicMukesh Ray
Industry disasters come with a huge price, we don't know who will be the next victim of these catastrophic. Tried to explain the main factors behind it. need to established an international forum to prevent these massive disaster.
The world waiting for another industrial catastrophicMukesh Ray
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coronavirus vaccine latest update and impact on people's lives.COVID vaccine race will win a huge market. what about poor countries, the vaccine will be available for developed countries, pharma companies already make their statement about vaccine availability price .
Istanbul convention treaty for women safetyMukesh Ray
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This overview of a new FinTech Company launched a Numberless smart card for teenagers. This company mainly concentrates on teenagers to get banking exposure in their platform. a detailed study on their business model with SWOT analysis. visit our website - falturesearch.in
Project Divya Drishti proposes using artificial intelligence and electronic microscopy to rapidly scan people for COVID-19 infection. It would create a chamber that scans individuals using updated parameters about the virus's molecule structure, size, and weight. The scanner would utilize manpower more effectively to test large populations with less person-to-person contact until a vaccine is developed. The objective is to identify infected people and keep the economy functioning while lockdowns make testing the norm. Initial tests would validate the scanner's accuracy against conventional medical kits.
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Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needsLaura Szabó
The product workshop focused on exploring the requirements of Generation Z in relation to marketplace dynamics. We delved into their specific needs, examined the specifics in their shopping preferences, and analyzed their preferred methods for accessing information and making purchases within a marketplace. Through the study of real-life cases , we tried to gain valuable insights into enhancing the marketplace experience for Generation Z.
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Quattordicesimo Meetup di Milano, tenutosi a Milano il 23 Maggio 2024 dalle ore 17:00 alle ore 18:30 in presenza e da remoto.
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Ready to Unlock the Power of Blockchain!Toptal Tech
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Instagram has become one of the most popular social media platforms, allowing people to share photos, videos, and stories with their followers. Sometimes, though, you might want to view someone's story without them knowing.
Understanding User Behavior with Google Analytics.pdfSEO Article Boost
Unlocking the full potential of Google Analytics is crucial for understanding and optimizing your website’s performance. This guide dives deep into the essential aspects of Google Analytics, from analyzing traffic sources to understanding user demographics and tracking user engagement.
Traffic Sources Analysis:
Discover where your website traffic originates. By examining the Acquisition section, you can identify whether visitors come from organic search, paid campaigns, direct visits, social media, or referral links. This knowledge helps in refining marketing strategies and optimizing resource allocation.
User Demographics Insights:
Gain a comprehensive view of your audience by exploring demographic data in the Audience section. Understand age, gender, and interests to tailor your marketing strategies effectively. Leverage this information to create personalized content and improve user engagement and conversion rates.
Tracking User Engagement:
Learn how to measure user interaction with your site through key metrics like bounce rate, average session duration, and pages per session. Enhance user experience by analyzing engagement metrics and implementing strategies to keep visitors engaged.
Conversion Rate Optimization:
Understand the importance of conversion rates and how to track them using Google Analytics. Set up Goals, analyze conversion funnels, segment your audience, and employ A/B testing to optimize your website for higher conversions. Utilize ecommerce tracking and multi-channel funnels for a detailed view of your sales performance and marketing channel contributions.
Custom Reports and Dashboards:
Create custom reports and dashboards to visualize and interpret data relevant to your business goals. Use advanced filters, segments, and visualization options to gain deeper insights. Incorporate custom dimensions and metrics for tailored data analysis. Integrate external data sources to enrich your analytics and make well-informed decisions.
This guide is designed to help you harness the power of Google Analytics for making data-driven decisions that enhance website performance and achieve your digital marketing objectives. Whether you are looking to improve SEO, refine your social media strategy, or boost conversion rates, understanding and utilizing Google Analytics is essential for your success.
Understanding User Behavior with Google Analytics.pdf
Beirut Blast Shock The World
1. Beirut Blast shock the world
`
ABSTRACT
So many incidents
happened in few
monthsand these are
not consequence, let’s
see thefactsand wait
for investigation
results. But most
importantlyprayfor
deceased soul’s family.
USER
Mukesh Kumar Ray
Visit our website
https://www.falturesearch.in/
2. Beirut Blast shock the world
The whole world fighting with Covid-19 pandemic, and itsimpactinginour
daily life, which I were mentionin my previous article.
Yesterdaygot a very shocking news, Lebanon’s capitalBeirut port silos
devasted by huge explosion. Manypeople died and injured inthis horrific
accident, morethan70 peoples are dead and 400 peoples are injured in
thisaccident. Manycountriescomeforward tohelp Lebanon government
for medicineand other assistance, somecountrieswill provideservice to
Lebanon government to build silos port
You cansee densityof blast, it alreadydestroyed silos port.
3. Country GeographicalCondition
Lebanon is a part of western Asia.
Totalpopulation – 70 Lakhs
NeighborsCountries - Syria & Israel
Language - Lebanese Arabic
Currency- Lebanese pound
The maintwo religionsareIslam with 54% of the citizens(Sunni and Shia)
and Christianitywith 40.7%of thecitizens(the MaroniteChurch, the
Orthodox Church, the MelkiteGreek Catholic Church, Protestantism, the
ArmenianApostolic Church).
4. Reason for Blast as per MediaPublications
The reason behind of this blast reach to Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO) stock
in dockyard. Few years backin 2013 a ship were hold in port due to
technicalfault, dockauthoritieschecked thecontainersand itsfull with
2750 ammonium nitratestock. Dockauthoritiesasked to ship owner but
unable to present proper proof and denied about containersstuff. Then
port authoritiesseized stockof Ammonium nitrateand stocked in dock
yard. Expert aresaying this is one kind of industrialdisasterwhich cost of
life.
Ammonium nitrateusefor fertilizersmaking and other industrialpurpose,
but if use explosivechemical prepositionsthenbomb canbe makeit. Some
people pointing out on Israel involvement, but Israelalreadymake
officialstatement about explosionand deny about any allegationon it.
5. Lebanon Current condition
These people already facing cold war in their countries, peoplesof Lebanon
alreadylose everything in war. County economic conditioninreally bad
shape and dependent upon aid from other countries. Government unableto
maintaininfrastructureand economydue to lack of funds. Industries
alreadyin negativegrowth and people not getting employment incountry.
Hyperinflation,
Devaluationof currency
Loss of port
Loss of job
Covid conditioninwhole world.
Banking crisis
Decadesof warsin Lebanon
Most debted countriesin the world.
After this horribleincident economywill more in trouble, establishing a
port againit will takemore timeand efforts to make it functional. In
present scenarioworld in facing pandemic conditionand every countries
facing economycrisis. Aid offer will be not adequatefor them to revive their
port facilitytill 2021.
Summary
We have to wait for investigationresultsand see why thisincident occurs
suddenly. So many questionscomein mind how ammonium nitrateblast in
dock, every angle we have to see and then reached to conclusion. It will take
timeto reach results. So manyincidentshappened in few monthsand these
are not consequence, let’s see the factsand wait for investigationresults.
But most importantlyprayfor deceased souls family.