Behavioral science deals with observing human and animal behavior in various environments. Behavioral pedodontics specifically studies how fear, anxiety, and anger develop in children in dental situations. There are several classifications of child behavior in dentistry. Factors like the dental office environment, dentist's attitude, past experiences, genetics, and home environment can influence a child's behavior. Behavior management techniques used by dentists include communication, behavior shaping using desensitization and modeling, and distraction. Newer techniques include mobile dental apps and virtual reality.
This document discusses non-pharmacologic behavior management for children in dental settings. It covers goals of behavior guidance which include establishing communication, delivering quality care, building trust, and promoting positive attitudes. Types of fear and how they change with age are described. Behavior management techniques are also outlined, such as communication, desensitization, modeling, distraction, and protective stabilization. The document emphasizes that behavior management is key to acquiring and maintaining a child's cooperation during dental procedures.
Chronology of dental development and development of occlusionshilpathaklotra
The document summarizes key stages of dental development and changes in dental arches:
- Tooth development begins with thickening of oral epithelium, forming the primary epithelial band that invades underlying mesenchyme. This forms the dental lamina which serves as the primordium for deciduous teeth.
- Teeth develop through bud, cap, bell, and advanced bell stages. During these stages, the enamel organ and dental papilla form and cells differentiate into ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Enamel knots organize cuspal morphogenesis.
- Root formation begins after crown formation is complete, guided by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath which induces dentin formation and shapes
1. Behavior management in pediatric dentistry aims to reduce fear and anxiety in children undergoing dental procedures through various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods.
2. Non-pharmacological methods include communication techniques like tell-show-do, modeling, positive reinforcement, distraction, voice control, and retraining. Pharmacological methods include conscious sedation using nitrous oxide.
3. The document discusses in detail various emotions in children, factors influencing their behavior, classification of child behaviors, objectives and considerations for nitrous oxide sedation, and contraindications for its use. Non-pharmacological behavior management techniques are emphasized as the primary approach.
This document discusses dental trauma to primary teeth from extrusion and intrusion injuries. Extrusion involves partial displacement of a tooth from its socket, leaving the alveolar bone intact. Intrusion is more severe, with displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone and comminution of the socket. Diagnosis involves visual examination and radiographs. Treatment depends on the severity of displacement and root development, and may include repositioning, extraction or monitoring for spontaneous re-eruption. Follow-up care including soft diets and hygiene instructions are also outlined.
This document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through the primary dentition period. It defines occlusion and outlines the various stages of occlusal development, including the pre-dentate period, deciduous dentition period, and mixed dentition period. Key details are provided on the eruption sequence and characteristics of primary teeth and changes that occur in arch dimensions over time.
This document discusses various types of partial coverage crowns, including their indications and preparation techniques. It describes the key features of standard three-quarter crowns, including occlusal reduction with depth orientation grooves, axial reduction with chamfer finish lines, and proximal grooves or boxes for retention. The document also covers preparations for other partial crowns like seven-eighths crowns and pin-modified three-quarter crowns. Overall, it provides detailed information on conservative crown preparations that preserve tooth structure.
Behavioral sciences and its application to pedodontics
Behavior modification
Behavior Shaping
Communication and communicative guidance
Tell-show-do
Voice control
Nonverbal communication
Positive reinforcement
Distraction
Nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation
Protective stabilization
Sedation
General anaesthesia
This document discusses non-pharmacologic behavior management for children in dental settings. It covers goals of behavior guidance which include establishing communication, delivering quality care, building trust, and promoting positive attitudes. Types of fear and how they change with age are described. Behavior management techniques are also outlined, such as communication, desensitization, modeling, distraction, and protective stabilization. The document emphasizes that behavior management is key to acquiring and maintaining a child's cooperation during dental procedures.
Chronology of dental development and development of occlusionshilpathaklotra
The document summarizes key stages of dental development and changes in dental arches:
- Tooth development begins with thickening of oral epithelium, forming the primary epithelial band that invades underlying mesenchyme. This forms the dental lamina which serves as the primordium for deciduous teeth.
- Teeth develop through bud, cap, bell, and advanced bell stages. During these stages, the enamel organ and dental papilla form and cells differentiate into ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Enamel knots organize cuspal morphogenesis.
- Root formation begins after crown formation is complete, guided by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath which induces dentin formation and shapes
1. Behavior management in pediatric dentistry aims to reduce fear and anxiety in children undergoing dental procedures through various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods.
2. Non-pharmacological methods include communication techniques like tell-show-do, modeling, positive reinforcement, distraction, voice control, and retraining. Pharmacological methods include conscious sedation using nitrous oxide.
3. The document discusses in detail various emotions in children, factors influencing their behavior, classification of child behaviors, objectives and considerations for nitrous oxide sedation, and contraindications for its use. Non-pharmacological behavior management techniques are emphasized as the primary approach.
This document discusses dental trauma to primary teeth from extrusion and intrusion injuries. Extrusion involves partial displacement of a tooth from its socket, leaving the alveolar bone intact. Intrusion is more severe, with displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone and comminution of the socket. Diagnosis involves visual examination and radiographs. Treatment depends on the severity of displacement and root development, and may include repositioning, extraction or monitoring for spontaneous re-eruption. Follow-up care including soft diets and hygiene instructions are also outlined.
This document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through the primary dentition period. It defines occlusion and outlines the various stages of occlusal development, including the pre-dentate period, deciduous dentition period, and mixed dentition period. Key details are provided on the eruption sequence and characteristics of primary teeth and changes that occur in arch dimensions over time.
This document discusses various types of partial coverage crowns, including their indications and preparation techniques. It describes the key features of standard three-quarter crowns, including occlusal reduction with depth orientation grooves, axial reduction with chamfer finish lines, and proximal grooves or boxes for retention. The document also covers preparations for other partial crowns like seven-eighths crowns and pin-modified three-quarter crowns. Overall, it provides detailed information on conservative crown preparations that preserve tooth structure.
Behavioral sciences and its application to pedodontics
Behavior modification
Behavior Shaping
Communication and communicative guidance
Tell-show-do
Voice control
Nonverbal communication
Positive reinforcement
Distraction
Nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation
Protective stabilization
Sedation
General anaesthesia
This document discusses occlusion and its relevance to conservative dentistry. It begins with definitions of key terms like centric relation and centric occlusion. It describes tooth anatomy features like cusps, fossae and fissures. It discusses types of tooth contacts during mandibular movements and the role of contacts, contours and marginal ridges in occlusion. It outlines techniques for determining centric relation and recording bite registrations. The document emphasizes that restorations must be made with an understanding of occlusion to avoid problems like tooth pain, muscle tenderness and arthritis.
This document discusses shade selection and communication between dentists and dental laboratories. It begins with an introduction to color science concepts like hue, value, chroma, and color mixing systems. It then describes common shade guides like Vita Classic and Vita 3D-Master and how to use them. Electronic shade matching devices and shade distribution charts are also introduced. Principles of shade selection and factors affecting color perception are outlined. The responsibilities of dentists and laboratories are defined, including the importance of clear communication of shade and details in work authorizations. Custom shade matching techniques using resin kits are presented to improve color matching between clinicians and technicians.
The document discusses various types of full coverage restorations for primary anterior teeth including stainless steel crowns with composite facings, composite strip crowns, polycarbonate crowns, New Millennium crowns, Kudos crowns, Pedo jacket crowns, and Artglass crowns. It describes the materials, advantages, disadvantages, and placement techniques for each type of crown. Stainless steel crowns with composite facings combine strength, durability and improved aesthetics but take longer to place. Composite strip crowns provide good aesthetics but are technique sensitive. Polycarbonate crowns and Kudos crowns are more durable alternatives that are easier to place than composite strip crowns.
This document discusses behavior management techniques for children in dental settings. It defines key terms like psychology and behavior management. It categorizes behavior management approaches as pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Non-pharmacological techniques include communication, behavior shaping methods like desensitization and modeling, and behavior management strategies such as audio analgesia and coping mechanisms. The document also addresses managing behaviors of children with conditions like mental retardation, convulsive disorders, cerebral palsy, and autism. It stresses the importance of understanding each child's needs and abilities to provide successful dental treatment.
Behaviour management is important for pediatric dentists treating cognitively, physically, mentally and emotionally developing children. The major difference between treating adults and children is that treating children involves a triad relationship between the child, dentist and parents. Dentists should counsel parents not to voice their own fears in front of children or use dentistry as a threat. Factors like the dentist's attitude, attire, and presence of parents can affect a child's behavior. Effective behavior management techniques for children include communication, modeling, desensitization, voice control, relaxation and hypnosis. Physical restraints should only be used as a last resort for uncooperative or handicapped patients.
Medicament's used in pulp therapy of pediatric dentistry Izhar Ali
The document discusses various medicaments used in pulp therapy for primary teeth. It describes techniques such as pulp capping, pulpotomy, and pulpectomy. Formocresol and ferric sulfate are commonly used vital pulpotomy medicaments, though concerns exist regarding formocresol's toxicity. Mineral trioxide aggregate and NuSmile NeoMTA are newer alternatives that are non-staining with good clinical success rates. Calcium hydroxide was previously used but causes resorption in primary teeth. Overall, multiple medicaments are available though studies show MTA and ferric sulfate may be favorable replacements for formocresol.
Abutment & Its Selection In Fixed Partial DentureSelf employed
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It defines an abutment tooth and outlines how to assess potential abutments, including taking radiographs and evaluating crown morphology, root configuration, crown-to-root ratio, and other anatomical features. Good abutment teeth are vital with adequate bone and root support and crown structure to withstand forces from the FPD. Location, occlusion, tooth structure and root health must be optimized for successful force distribution from the prosthesis.
Patients using complete dentures often complain with impaired speech.
Thus, fabrication of denture should rehabilitate the phonetics along with other esthetics and functional requirements.
The document discusses child psychology and behavior management in dentistry. It covers several theories of child development including psychoanalytic theory by Freud, cognitive theory by Piaget, classical and operant conditioning. Factors affecting a child's behavior are discussed like the dental environment, past experiences, and home life. Behavior management techniques aim to develop positive dental attitudes in children through communication, behavior shaping, and reinforcement using rewards or removal of unpleasant stimuli.
This document discusses phonetics as they relate to complete dentures. It begins with definitions of speech and phonetics. The history of considerations of phonetics in denture design is reviewed. The normal mechanisms of speech production are described, including the motor, vibrator, resonator, enunciators, and initiator components. Speech sounds are classified and various consonant groups are defined based on their place and manner of articulation. The document discusses the prosthodontic implications of different speech sounds and examines how denture design can affect speech. Tests for evaluating speech and potential speech defects are also mentioned.
This document discusses different types of full coverage restorations including complete cast crowns, metal-ceramic crowns, and all-ceramic crowns. It provides details on the definitions, indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of different crown materials. The document also describes the features and functions of tooth preparations for full coverage restorations. It outlines the clinical steps and armamentarium for preparing teeth for different crowns, including occlusal and axial reduction depths, bevel placement, and finishing lines. Recommended dimensions for various crown types are also provided.
1. Phonetics refers to the sounds of speech and their production. Normal speech relies on the proper functioning of the lungs, vocal cords, oral cavity, and brain.
2. Consonant sounds are important for dentistry and can be classified based on their place of articulation. Sounds like S, T, and D involve the tongue and hard palate, while sounds like TH use the tongue and teeth.
3. Several aspects of denture design can affect speech, such as denture thickness, the vertical dimension of occlusion, and the positioning of teeth. For example, teeth that are too far back can cause difficulties producing F and V sounds. Phonetics is useful for evaluating denture fit
Genetics- Principles & Disoreders in Paediatric DentistryDrSusmita Shah
The document discusses genetics principles and disorders relevant to pediatric dentistry. It begins with an overview of the history of genetics including discoveries by Mendel, Watson, Crick and others. It then covers basic genetics terminology, DNA structure, karyotyping, chromosomal abnormalities, inheritance patterns, genetic disorders and genetic counseling. Specific topics discussed in more depth include trisomies, Klinefelter syndrome, chromosomal deletions, duplications and other structural abnormalities. The document provides foundational information on genetics and inheritance patterns important for pediatric dentistry.
This document discusses the emotional development of children and the common emotions seen at different stages, including distress, anger, fear, anxiety, and phobias. It describes the physiology behind emotional development and defines different types of emotions like fear, anxiety, and phobias. Specific fears seen in dental situations are also outlined, like fear of injections, drills, and the unknown. Factors that can cause dental fear and anxiety are discussed.
Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development proposed that personality forms from negotiations of psychosexual stages - oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Erik Erikson expanded on this, proposing 8 psychosocial stages from infancy to late adulthood. The first stage, trust vs mistrust, involves infants developing trust if caregivers meet needs consistently. The second, autonomy vs shame and doubt, sees toddlers developing independence if given opportunities to do so with support. The third, initiative vs guilt, involves preschoolers initiating activities if successes are supported versus feeling guilt from failures.
This document discusses growth and development, providing definitions and key concepts. It defines growth as an increase in size, while development refers to maturation and differentiation at the cellular level. Growth is quantitative and anatomical, while development is qualitative and physiological. Theories of craniofacial growth are examined, including the sutural theory, cartilaginous theory, and functional matrix theory. Growth occurs at differing rates in different tissues through differential growth and growth spurts. Methods for studying growth include longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, cephalometry, vital staining, and implant radiography.
This seminar contains a brief introduction followed by objectives of bahavior management,various definitions,classification,pedodontic triangle,parenting types,Non-pharmacological methods of behavior management in detail with modifications followed by conclusion.
Hox genes play a critical role in regulating tooth development through complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. They control the expression of other genes that are involved in signaling pathways between the dental epithelium and mesenchyme. This influences the shape, size, and structure of teeth. Some key homeobox genes expressed during tooth morphogenesis include Msx1, Msx2, Dlx1, Dlx2, and Barx1, which are regulated by growth factors and help pattern the dental tissues and control tooth shape. Mutations in homeobox genes can lead to dental anomalies and developmental abnormalities.
Behavior management in dentistry involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques to effectively perform treatment while instilling a positive dental attitude in children. Non-pharmacological techniques include communication, behavior modification using desensitization, modeling and contingency management, and pre-appointment preparation. Behavior modification aims to alter behavior through reinforcement and is based on learning theory. Communication is important for building relationships and helping children feel at ease. Pre-appointment preparation involves preparing children and parents for upcoming visits.
This document discusses various non-pharmacological behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. It covers communication techniques, behavior modification including desensitization, modeling and contingency management. It also discusses pre-appointment preparation and techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise, physical restraint, implosion therapy, and retraining that aim to modify disruptive behaviors in children undergoing dental treatment.
This document discusses occlusion and its relevance to conservative dentistry. It begins with definitions of key terms like centric relation and centric occlusion. It describes tooth anatomy features like cusps, fossae and fissures. It discusses types of tooth contacts during mandibular movements and the role of contacts, contours and marginal ridges in occlusion. It outlines techniques for determining centric relation and recording bite registrations. The document emphasizes that restorations must be made with an understanding of occlusion to avoid problems like tooth pain, muscle tenderness and arthritis.
This document discusses shade selection and communication between dentists and dental laboratories. It begins with an introduction to color science concepts like hue, value, chroma, and color mixing systems. It then describes common shade guides like Vita Classic and Vita 3D-Master and how to use them. Electronic shade matching devices and shade distribution charts are also introduced. Principles of shade selection and factors affecting color perception are outlined. The responsibilities of dentists and laboratories are defined, including the importance of clear communication of shade and details in work authorizations. Custom shade matching techniques using resin kits are presented to improve color matching between clinicians and technicians.
The document discusses various types of full coverage restorations for primary anterior teeth including stainless steel crowns with composite facings, composite strip crowns, polycarbonate crowns, New Millennium crowns, Kudos crowns, Pedo jacket crowns, and Artglass crowns. It describes the materials, advantages, disadvantages, and placement techniques for each type of crown. Stainless steel crowns with composite facings combine strength, durability and improved aesthetics but take longer to place. Composite strip crowns provide good aesthetics but are technique sensitive. Polycarbonate crowns and Kudos crowns are more durable alternatives that are easier to place than composite strip crowns.
This document discusses behavior management techniques for children in dental settings. It defines key terms like psychology and behavior management. It categorizes behavior management approaches as pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Non-pharmacological techniques include communication, behavior shaping methods like desensitization and modeling, and behavior management strategies such as audio analgesia and coping mechanisms. The document also addresses managing behaviors of children with conditions like mental retardation, convulsive disorders, cerebral palsy, and autism. It stresses the importance of understanding each child's needs and abilities to provide successful dental treatment.
Behaviour management is important for pediatric dentists treating cognitively, physically, mentally and emotionally developing children. The major difference between treating adults and children is that treating children involves a triad relationship between the child, dentist and parents. Dentists should counsel parents not to voice their own fears in front of children or use dentistry as a threat. Factors like the dentist's attitude, attire, and presence of parents can affect a child's behavior. Effective behavior management techniques for children include communication, modeling, desensitization, voice control, relaxation and hypnosis. Physical restraints should only be used as a last resort for uncooperative or handicapped patients.
Medicament's used in pulp therapy of pediatric dentistry Izhar Ali
The document discusses various medicaments used in pulp therapy for primary teeth. It describes techniques such as pulp capping, pulpotomy, and pulpectomy. Formocresol and ferric sulfate are commonly used vital pulpotomy medicaments, though concerns exist regarding formocresol's toxicity. Mineral trioxide aggregate and NuSmile NeoMTA are newer alternatives that are non-staining with good clinical success rates. Calcium hydroxide was previously used but causes resorption in primary teeth. Overall, multiple medicaments are available though studies show MTA and ferric sulfate may be favorable replacements for formocresol.
Abutment & Its Selection In Fixed Partial DentureSelf employed
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It defines an abutment tooth and outlines how to assess potential abutments, including taking radiographs and evaluating crown morphology, root configuration, crown-to-root ratio, and other anatomical features. Good abutment teeth are vital with adequate bone and root support and crown structure to withstand forces from the FPD. Location, occlusion, tooth structure and root health must be optimized for successful force distribution from the prosthesis.
Patients using complete dentures often complain with impaired speech.
Thus, fabrication of denture should rehabilitate the phonetics along with other esthetics and functional requirements.
The document discusses child psychology and behavior management in dentistry. It covers several theories of child development including psychoanalytic theory by Freud, cognitive theory by Piaget, classical and operant conditioning. Factors affecting a child's behavior are discussed like the dental environment, past experiences, and home life. Behavior management techniques aim to develop positive dental attitudes in children through communication, behavior shaping, and reinforcement using rewards or removal of unpleasant stimuli.
This document discusses phonetics as they relate to complete dentures. It begins with definitions of speech and phonetics. The history of considerations of phonetics in denture design is reviewed. The normal mechanisms of speech production are described, including the motor, vibrator, resonator, enunciators, and initiator components. Speech sounds are classified and various consonant groups are defined based on their place and manner of articulation. The document discusses the prosthodontic implications of different speech sounds and examines how denture design can affect speech. Tests for evaluating speech and potential speech defects are also mentioned.
This document discusses different types of full coverage restorations including complete cast crowns, metal-ceramic crowns, and all-ceramic crowns. It provides details on the definitions, indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of different crown materials. The document also describes the features and functions of tooth preparations for full coverage restorations. It outlines the clinical steps and armamentarium for preparing teeth for different crowns, including occlusal and axial reduction depths, bevel placement, and finishing lines. Recommended dimensions for various crown types are also provided.
1. Phonetics refers to the sounds of speech and their production. Normal speech relies on the proper functioning of the lungs, vocal cords, oral cavity, and brain.
2. Consonant sounds are important for dentistry and can be classified based on their place of articulation. Sounds like S, T, and D involve the tongue and hard palate, while sounds like TH use the tongue and teeth.
3. Several aspects of denture design can affect speech, such as denture thickness, the vertical dimension of occlusion, and the positioning of teeth. For example, teeth that are too far back can cause difficulties producing F and V sounds. Phonetics is useful for evaluating denture fit
Genetics- Principles & Disoreders in Paediatric DentistryDrSusmita Shah
The document discusses genetics principles and disorders relevant to pediatric dentistry. It begins with an overview of the history of genetics including discoveries by Mendel, Watson, Crick and others. It then covers basic genetics terminology, DNA structure, karyotyping, chromosomal abnormalities, inheritance patterns, genetic disorders and genetic counseling. Specific topics discussed in more depth include trisomies, Klinefelter syndrome, chromosomal deletions, duplications and other structural abnormalities. The document provides foundational information on genetics and inheritance patterns important for pediatric dentistry.
This document discusses the emotional development of children and the common emotions seen at different stages, including distress, anger, fear, anxiety, and phobias. It describes the physiology behind emotional development and defines different types of emotions like fear, anxiety, and phobias. Specific fears seen in dental situations are also outlined, like fear of injections, drills, and the unknown. Factors that can cause dental fear and anxiety are discussed.
Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development proposed that personality forms from negotiations of psychosexual stages - oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Erik Erikson expanded on this, proposing 8 psychosocial stages from infancy to late adulthood. The first stage, trust vs mistrust, involves infants developing trust if caregivers meet needs consistently. The second, autonomy vs shame and doubt, sees toddlers developing independence if given opportunities to do so with support. The third, initiative vs guilt, involves preschoolers initiating activities if successes are supported versus feeling guilt from failures.
This document discusses growth and development, providing definitions and key concepts. It defines growth as an increase in size, while development refers to maturation and differentiation at the cellular level. Growth is quantitative and anatomical, while development is qualitative and physiological. Theories of craniofacial growth are examined, including the sutural theory, cartilaginous theory, and functional matrix theory. Growth occurs at differing rates in different tissues through differential growth and growth spurts. Methods for studying growth include longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, cephalometry, vital staining, and implant radiography.
This seminar contains a brief introduction followed by objectives of bahavior management,various definitions,classification,pedodontic triangle,parenting types,Non-pharmacological methods of behavior management in detail with modifications followed by conclusion.
Hox genes play a critical role in regulating tooth development through complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. They control the expression of other genes that are involved in signaling pathways between the dental epithelium and mesenchyme. This influences the shape, size, and structure of teeth. Some key homeobox genes expressed during tooth morphogenesis include Msx1, Msx2, Dlx1, Dlx2, and Barx1, which are regulated by growth factors and help pattern the dental tissues and control tooth shape. Mutations in homeobox genes can lead to dental anomalies and developmental abnormalities.
Behavior management in dentistry involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques to effectively perform treatment while instilling a positive dental attitude in children. Non-pharmacological techniques include communication, behavior modification using desensitization, modeling and contingency management, and pre-appointment preparation. Behavior modification aims to alter behavior through reinforcement and is based on learning theory. Communication is important for building relationships and helping children feel at ease. Pre-appointment preparation involves preparing children and parents for upcoming visits.
This document discusses various non-pharmacological behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. It covers communication techniques, behavior modification including desensitization, modeling and contingency management. It also discusses pre-appointment preparation and techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise, physical restraint, implosion therapy, and retraining that aim to modify disruptive behaviors in children undergoing dental treatment.
This document discusses various non-pharmacological behavior management techniques used for pediatric dental patients. It covers communication strategies, behavior modification techniques like desensitization and modeling, and contingency management using reinforcement. It also discusses aversive conditioning techniques like voice control, the hand-over-mouth exercise, and physical restraint. The goal of these techniques is to establish rapport, modify undesired behaviors, and facilitate dental treatment for children.
This document discusses various non-pharmacological behaviour management techniques used for managing child patients in dentistry. It describes communication, behaviour modification techniques like desensitization, modelling and contingency management. It also discusses pre-appointment behaviour modification, aversive conditioning techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise and physical restraint. Other techniques mentioned include implosion therapy, relaxation and retraining. The document emphasizes establishing strong communication and using reinforcement to modify undesirable behaviours and help children cope with dental treatment.
The document discusses the hospital environment for sick children and its impact. It notes that the hospital environment can be stressful for children and their families. It presents different strategies for preparing the hospital environment based on a child's age and developmental stage, from infancy to adolescence. The document also outlines common reactions children may have to hospitalization at different ages and the role of nurses in helping children and families cope with the hospital experience.
This document discusses techniques for managing a child's behavior during dental treatment. It begins by explaining the importance of building trust and guidance for children during dental experiences. There is a focus on understanding age-related traits and skills to improve communication and cooperation. Behavior scales are presented to classify cooperation. Non-pharmacological methods like communication, modeling, positive reinforcement and distraction are outlined. Physical immobilization techniques may be needed in some cases to provide care safely. The goal is to promote positive attitudes towards dentistry from an early age.
This document discusses various behavior management techniques used for pediatric dental patients. It begins by describing behavior modification techniques like desensitization, modeling, and contingency management. It then discusses preappointment preparation, audioanalgesia, hypnosis, coping mechanisms, relaxation, and aversive conditioning techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercises, and physical restraint. Finally, it briefly mentions implosion therapy and retraining approaches. The overall document provides an overview of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological behavior management strategies used in pediatric dentistry.
This document discusses various behavior modification techniques used in dentistry, including desensitization, modeling, and contingency management. Desensitization involves gradually exposing patients to anxiety-provoking stimuli. Modeling allows patients to observe appropriate behaviors. Contingency management modifies behavior through reinforcement. Other techniques covered include pre-appointment preparation, audioanalgesia, hypnosis, coping mechanisms, relaxation, aversive conditioning using voice control or restraints, implosion therapy, and retraining.
Behaviour modification techniques aim to reduce dental anxiety in children. Dessensitization involves gradually exposing children to stimuli related to dental treatment, from telling to showing to doing. Modelling allows children to observe appropriate behaviours. Contingency management uses reinforcement to modify behaviour by presenting or withdrawing rewards. Aversive conditioning techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercises, and physical restraint are used as a last resort to manage disruptive behaviour and allow treatment.
This document defines and classifies different types of handicapped children, including those who are physically, mentally, medically, emotionally, or socially handicapped. It discusses the importance of prevention for these children through dietary advice, oral hygiene instruction, fluoride treatment, fissure sealants, and regular checkups. It also emphasizes the need to carefully assess each child's medical history and abilities, consult their physician, and create a treatment plan tailored to the child and family's specific needs and capabilities. Behavioral management may require various techniques depending on the child's cooperation level, from mild sedation to general anesthesia in some cases.
This document discusses behaviour management techniques for treating children in a dental setting. It defines behaviour shaping and modification, and outlines the objectives of behaviour management. It describes several classifications of children's behaviour put forth by Frankel, Lampshire and Wright. Non-pharmacological behaviour management methods are outlined, including communication, behaviour shaping techniques like desensitization and modelling, and contingency management. Additional techniques discussed are audio analgesia, biofeedback, voice control, humour, coping strategies, relaxation, hypnosis, implosion therapy and aversive conditioning.
This document discusses various behavior modification techniques used in dentistry, including desensitization, modeling, and contingency management. Desensitization involves gradually exposing patients to anxiety-provoking stimuli. Modeling allows patients to observe appropriate behaviors. Contingency management modifies behavior through reinforcement. Other techniques covered include pre-appointment preparation, audioanalgesia, hypnosis, coping mechanisms, relaxation, aversive conditioning using voice control or hand-over-mouth exercises, physical restraint, implosion therapy, and retraining.
This document discusses various techniques for managing child behavior during dental procedures. It begins with classifications of child behavior and factors influencing behavior. It then outlines non-pharmacological behavior management techniques including communication, behavior shaping, desensitization, modeling, and contingency management. Finally, it discusses techniques for managing disruptive behaviors such as voice control, hand-over-mouth, and aversive conditioning. The overall goal is to modify child behavior through reinforcement and establish a positive attitude towards dental care.
pedodontics.....non pharmacological methods of behaviour managementSurabhi Desai
This document discusses various behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. It defines behavior management as the means by which the dental team performs treatment to instill a positive dental attitude. Factors that influence a child's cooperative behavior like parental anxiety, medical experiences, and communication techniques are described. Methods of behavior shaping include desensitization, modeling, and contingency management. Specific behavior management techniques addressed include audio analgesia, biofeedback, voice control, hypnosis, humor, coping, and aversive conditioning.
The document discusses the care of hospitalized children. It emphasizes that children require specialized pediatric care due to anatomical, physiological, immunological, psychosocial and cognitive differences compared to adults. The hospital environment can impact children in various ways depending on their developmental stage. Nursing care aims to minimize stressors like separation from parents, loss of control, and pain/injury through measures like parental involvement, developmentally-appropriate activities, and clear communication. The goal is to help children benefit from hospitalization and cope with the experience in a healthy manner.
This document discusses crisis and nursing intervention for hospitalized children. It begins with definitions of crisis and crisis intervention. It then discusses types of crises including maturational, situational, and adventitious crises. Crisis theory is explained, outlining the work of Erich Lindemann and Gerald Caplan. Four phases of the crisis process are defined. The document then focuses on hospitalized children, discussing functions of hospitalization, principles of hospitalization, modern concepts, visiting policies, rooming-in, care by parent units, parent support groups, and encouraging self-care. Reactions to hospitalization for different age groups are examined, along with preparation for hospitalization, guidelines for admission, and stressors and implications
This document discusses various types of child abuse and neglect, including physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, dental neglect, shaken baby syndrome, and Munchausen syndrome by proxy. It provides details on the typical signs and symptoms of each type of abuse. For physical abuse, it describes common injury sites for bruises and other marks, like grab marks, slap marks, and burns. It also discusses how to diagnose physical abuse based on the history provided, witness accounts, implausible stories, and delays in medical care.
At the end of unit 2, the students will be able to:
Appreciate the differences between children and adult
Describe the hospital environment for a sick child
Explain the impact of hospitalization on child
Discuss the grief and bereavement
Outline the role of a child health nurse
Explain the principles of pre- and post-operative care for children
Perform pain assessment in children
This document discusses common behavioral problems in children and their management. It covers problems such as feeding issues, sleep problems, habit disorders, speech problems, emotional problems, and antisocial behaviors. Potential causes are faulty parenting, family environment, medical conditions, and media influence. Management involves treating any underlying causes, behavior modification, counseling, and speech/occupational therapy as needed. The document provides examples and treatment approaches for specific issues like temper tantrums, breath holding spells, nail biting, and pica.
Irit Bar Netzer: Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adoptive and Foster ...Beitissie1
The lecture focuses on the great importance of clinical and therapeutic intervention in improving behaviors, parent-child relationships and more, in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome cases.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
2. DEFINITIONS
BEHAVIOUR:
It is defined as any change observed in the functioning of an organism
BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE
It is the science, which deals with the observation of behavioral habits of man and lower
animals in various physical and social environments, including behavior pedodontics,
psychology, sociology and animal anthropology.
BEHAVIOURAL PEDODONTICS
It is a study of science, which helps to understand development of fear, anxiety and anger
as it applies to child in the dental situations.
5. FRANKEL’S CLASSIFICATION
RATING BEHAVIOUR WRIGHGT’S SYMBOLIC
REPRESENTATION
Definitely negative Refuses treatment, cries forcefully, extremely
negative behavior associated with fear
--
Negative Reluctant to accept treatment and displays evidence
of slight negativism, uncooperative behaviour
-
Positive Accepts treatment although cautious and willing to
comply with the dentist’s instructions with some
reservation
+
Definitely positive Unique behavior, having good rapport with the
dentist, looks forward to dental procedures and
understands the importance of good preventive care
++
9. FACTORS AFFECTING A CHILD’S BEHAVIOUR IN
THE DENTAL OFFICE
Under the control of the
dentist
Out of control of the dentist
Under the control of the
parents
• Dental office
environment
• Dentist’s activities
and attitude
• Dentist’s attire
• Presence or absence
of parents
• Presence of an older
sibling
• Growth and
development
• Nutritional factors
• Past dental experiences
• Genetics
• School environment
• Socio-economic status
• Home environment
• Family development
and peer influence
• Maternal behaviour
11. DENTAL CLINIC
• Should be warm and simulate a homely
environment
• The operating environment should be made
colourful
• Separate exit and entry
• Dental auxillary should be kind and greet
the children with a smile
• Appointment should be short
• Preparation before the appointment
12. EFFECT OF DENTIST’S ACTIVITY AND
ATTITUDES
• Data gathering and observation
• Structuring
• Externaliization
• Empathy and support
• Flexible authority
• Education and training
13. EFFCET OF THE DENTIST’S ATTIRE
Based on previously experienced stressful situations with his physician
14. PRSENCE OR ABSENCE OF PARENTS IN
THE OPERATORY
• Separation anxiety
• Older children may not require mother’s
presence as they would have achieved
emotional independence
15. PRESENCE OF AN OLDER SIBLING
• Little effect on children below 3 years od age
• Most noticeable at 4 years and slightly above.
17. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
• Deficiency in physical growth
• Mental retardation
• Very young children may respond differently
18. NUTRITIONAL FACTORS
• Increased sugar intake can cause irritable behavior
• Hypoglycemia can cause criminal behavior
• Skipping breakfast leads to impaired performance
20. GENETICS
• Plays an important role in psychological development
• It can be modified by the environment
21. SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
• 50% of the child’s development is
affected by school
• Teachers and peers influence the
behavior of younger children
• Seniors become role models to juniors
25. HOME ENVIRONMENT
• Home is the first school where a child learns
how to behave
• Post-natal behavior of the child depends on the
pre-natal emotional status of the mother
26. FAMILY DEVELOPMENT AND PEER
INFLUENCE
• Position of the child in the family
• Over-indulgence by the parents
• Disharmony in the family
• Sibling relationships
27. MATERNALANXIETY AND BEHAVIOUR
• Can have an influence on the child’s mental,
physical and emotional development that
begins even after birth
• Somatic development of the fetus depends on
the nutritional status of the mother
• Substance abuse during pregnancy can have
detrimental effects on the child
• An anxious mother is more likely to have a
child who is uncooperative for dental
treatment.
29. • Parenting refers to the emotional climate in which parents raise their children
• It is dependent on parental responsiveness and demandingness
Baumrind’s Parental Matrix (1978)
Maccoby and Martin
(1983)
30. • Children follow the rules and
dentist’s instructions
• Parents are supportive of the
guidelines
31. • Parents may not respond much
to the choices offered by the
dentist
• They would often leave the
choice to their children
32. HELICOPTER PARENTING
A parent is over-protective, with excessive interest in the lives of their child, hovering
around the child all the time to rescue them from the consequences of poor decisons
34. BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT(WRIGHT 1975)
It is defined as the means by which the dental health
team effectively and efficiently performs dental
treatment and thereby instills a positive dental
attitude.
40. Communication should be
comfortable and relaxed sitting and
speaking at the eye level allows a
friendlier atmosphere.address him
by his name compliment him about
his appearance.Ask questions about
his class his likes/dislikes.
HOW TO COMMUNICATE??
41.
42.
43. Use of euphemisms-euphemism are substitute
words which can be used in presence of
children
• Anesthetic solution is referred as water to put teeth to
sleep
• Rubberdam as rain coat
Radiograph as tooth picture
44.
45. REFRAMING
• It is defined as taking a situation outside the frame that up to that
moment contained the individual in different conditions, and
visualize it in a way acceptable to the person involved so that
both the original threat and the threatened situation can be safely
abandoned. – Benjamin Peter, 1999
• A friendly atmosphere relaxes the patient; the child can be made
comfortable with the environment.
47. DEFINITION:is the procedure which slowly develops behaviour by
reinforcing a successive approximation of desired beaviour untill the
desired behaviour comes into being.
BEHAVIOUR SHAPING
state the general goal or task to the child at the outset.
explain the necessity for the procedure.
divide explanation for the procedure.
give all explanation at child’s level of
understanding. Use euphemisms.
OUTLINE OF BEHAVIOUR SHAPING
48. it is defined as an attempt to alter human behavior and emotion in a
beneficial way and in accordance with the laws of learning.
DESENSITIZATION(tell-show-do)technique (Addleslon 1959)
Tell and show every step and instruments and explain what is
going to be done.
Continuosly and in grades from the level fear promoting objects or
procedure move to higher grades to more fearfull objects.
BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION
50. TSD TECHNIQUE IS APPLIED AS FOLLOWS:
• The dentist uses the language that child can understand and tells
the patient what is to be done.
• the dentist demonstrates the procedure to the child using
model or himself.
• dentist proceeds to do the dental procedure exactly as
described.
52. MODELING
• By Bandura in 1960
• Developed from the social learning principle
• It involves allowing the patient to observe
one or more individuals who demonstrate a
positive behavior in a particular situation.
54. CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT
It is done by presentation or withdrawal of reinforcers.
Types:
• Positive reinforcer (Henry W Fields, 1984)
• Negative reinforcer (stokes and Kennedy, 1980)
57. DISTRACTION
It is a technique that is used to divert the patient’s attention from what may be perceived
as an unpleasant procedure to decrease negative perceptions of treatment and negative
behavior.
58. BIOFEEDBACK
• By Buonomo in 1979
• Use of instruments to detect certain physiological processes associated with fear.
59. HUMOR
• Helps to elevate the child’s moods
• Laughter is a psychophysiological response to humor
that involves both characteristic physiological
reactions and positive psychological shifts.
• Functions of humor:
Social
Emotional
Informative
Motivational
cognitive
60. COPING
• Given by Lazaue in 1980
• It is defined as the cognitive and behavioral efforts
made by an individual to master, tolerate or reduce
stressful situations.
• Types:
Behavioral
Cognitive
Temporary escape/changing control (Musslemann 1991)
61. VOICE CONTROL
• It is the modification of volume, tone and pace of
one’s own voice in an attempt to dominate the
interaction between the dentist and the patient.
• Used to avert negative or avoidance behavior
• Change in tone from gentle to firm is effective in
gaining child’s attention
• Used to remind the child that the adult is in control
• Used in conjunction with some form of physical
restraints and hand -over- mouth technique.
63. HYPNOSIS
• It is an altered state of consciousness characterized by a heightened suggestibility
to produce desirable behavioral and physiological changes
• It reduces pain and anxiety
64. IMPLOSION THERAPY
Sudden flooding with a barrage of stimuli, which have affected him adversely and the
child has no other choice, but to face the stimuli until the negative response disappears.
65. AVERSIVE CONDITIONING
• Indicated in a child who displays a negative behavior and does not respond to
moderate behavior modification techniques.
• Two common techniques are:
HOME
Physical restraints
66. HOME
Given by Evangeline Jordan in 1920.
Indications:
• A healthy child who can understand, but exhibits hysterical behavior during
treatment.
• 3-6 years old
• A child who is capable of following verbal commands
• Children displaying uncontrolled behavior.
Contraindications:
• Child under 3 years of age
• Handicapped or emotionally immature child
67. Factors to be considered while using
HOME:
• Should not be used as a routine
procedure
• Inform the parents about this option
• Obtain consent
• Treating doctor should be aware of
changing laws.
• The whole procedure should not last for
more than 20-30 seconds.
Fig. A case by filed against Dr.
Howard Schneider
68. Several variations of HOME:
• Hand over mouth with the airway unrestricted
• Hand over mouth and the nose and the airway
restricted
• Towel held over the mouth only
• Dry towel held over the nose and mouth
• Wet towel held over the nose and mouth
69. PHYSICAL RESTRAINTS
• Restraint is the act of physically limiting the movements of a child to facilitate dental
procedures and decrease possible injuries to the child or dentist.
• Types of restraints:
Active
passive
70.
71. RECENT BEHAVIOUR
MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
TELL-PLAY-DO
• Modified by Vishwakarma AP in 2017.
• Indicated for children between 5-7 years.
• As per the social learning theory by Bandura.
• Allows the child to play with the dental equipment.
MOBILE DENTAL APP
• VH Patil in 2017.
• The patient is virtually made dentist and carries out the dental
procedures on mobile applications.
72. VIRTUAL REALITY BASED DISTRACTION
• A computer based software that can be used to immerse children in the virtual
environment which completely obstructs the present situation.
• The VR equipment contains head mounted display and a tracking device. The head
mounted device contains the display screen which provides the view of virtual reality
environment in a 360 degree view.
• The tracking device monitors the head movements.
• The equipment provide an attachment for mouse, joystick or data glove for playing
games.
Contraindications
• Medically compromised children especially children with epilepsy, migraine and
vestibular disturbances
• Children with previous history of nausea or dizziness following the use of VR
device