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Behaviorist_Learning_Theories.ouuyyypptx
- 1. 1 Behaviorism and Behaviorist LearningTheories Presented By: Umesh Pakharin (MES II Semester, English Education) Course: Developmental Psychology Course Facilitators: Prof. Dr. Usha Acharya, Prof. Dr. Tolanath Kafle Moderator: Dharani Prasad Subedi Commentator: Kabi Limbu 04/03/2025
- 2. 04/03/2025 2 Outlines of ThePresentation Slide 1: Cover Page Slide 2: Outlines of The Presentation Slide 3: Introduction to Behaviorism Slide 4: Basic Concept of Behaviourism Slide 5:
- 3. 04/03/2025 3 Introduction to Behaviorism Definition: Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes. Key Idea: Learning occurs through interaction with the environment. Pioneers: B.F. Skinner, John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike. Behaviorism is a psychological theory emphasizing observable behaviors shaped by environmental interactions, primarily through conditioning. Operant conditioning, a key component, involves modifying voluntary behaviors via reinforcement or punishment. Below is a detailed breakdown of the concepts and their applications:
- 4. 04/03/2025 4 Basic Concept ofBehaviorism Behaviorism asserts that all behaviors are learned through environmental stimuli and measurable responses. Key features include: • Stimulus-Response Associations: Behaviors result from external triggers. • Objective Measurement: Focuses on quantifiable data from controlled experiments. • Reductionism: Reduces complex behaviors to simple cause-effect relationships. Prominent figures like B.F. Skinner and John B. Watson pioneered this approach, rejecting internal mental states in favor of observable actions.
- 5. 04/03/2025 5 Principles of Behaviorism • Learning is based on stimulus-response associations. • Behavior is shaped through reinforcement and punishment. • Learning occurs through conditioning (Classical & Operant).
- 6. 04/03/2025 6 Classical Conditioning (IvanPavlov) • Learning through association. • Pavlov’s dogs experiment: Association of a bell with food to produce salivation. Key Terms: - Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - Unconditioned Response (UCR) - Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - Conditioned Response (CR)
- 7. 04/03/2025 7 Operant Conditioning (B.F.Skinner) • Learning through consequences (reinforcement & punishment). • Skinner’s Box experiment: A rat learns to press a lever for food. Key Concepts: - Positive Reinforcement: Adding stimulus to increase behavior. - Negative Reinforcement: Removing stimulus to increase behavior. - Positive Punishment: Adding stimulus to decrease behavior. - Negative Punishment: Removing stimulus to decrease behavior.
- 8. 04/03/2025 8 Thorndike’s Law ofEffect • Behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated. • Experiment: Cats escaping from a puzzle box. • Impact: Formed the basis for Operant Conditioning.
- 9. 04/03/2025 9 Applications of Behaviorismin Education • Reinforcement in Classrooms: Using rewards to encourage positive behavior. • Behavior Modification: Token economies, positive discipline. • Skill Learning: Repetitive practice and drills.
- 10. 04/03/2025 10 Criticism of Behaviorism • Ignores internal thought processes and emotions. • Oversimplifies learning to external stimuli only. • Does not explain creativity or higher-order thinking.
- 11. 04/03/2025 11 Conclusion • Behaviorismis a foundational learning theory that has shaped modern educational practices. • While it has limitations, it is still widely applied in teaching and behavior management.
- 12. 04/03/2025 12 References List ofbooks, research papers, and articles on Behaviorist Theories.