This document discusses different views of learners, learning, teachers, and classrooms from behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist perspectives. The behavioral view sees the learner as passive and shaped by environmental stimuli without internal reflection. The teacher controls learning through reinforcement. The cognitive view sees the active learner integrating new and existing knowledge through mental processing. The teacher provides tools for organizing information. The constructivist view is learner-centered, with students constructing their own understanding through hands-on experiences. The teacher acts as a guide, using modeling, coaching and scaffolding to facilitate student-led discussion and interactive, project-based activities.

1. Definition Of Learner, Learning
Teacher And Classroom From
Different Points Of View
Submitted By
Aryakrishna U K
Natural Science

2. 1. Behavioristic view
2. Cognitivist view
3. Constructivist view
Definition Of Learner, Learning
Teacher And Classroom From
Different Points Of View

3. BEHAVIORISM
• Theory, focuses on the behavior of the
learner and changes in behavior that occurs
when learning takes place.
• Underpinning by the principles of stimulus
responses.
• All behavior is explained without the need to
consider internal mental states or
consciousness.

4. Behavioristic View Of Learner
• Learner is passive
• Learner responding to environmental
stimuli
• Behaviorist believes – learner behavior is
shape by positive reinforcement an negative
reinforcement
• Learner does not have any opportunity for
evaluation or reflection with in the learning
process

5. Behavioristic View Of Learning
• Teacher is the dominant person in the
classroom.
• Complete control, evaluation or
reflection with in the learning process.
• In the learning processes the teacher
decide what is right or wrong.
• Learning only focuses on the external
changes of the learner, have no any
importance to the emotions or mental
states of them.

6. • Examples of application of
Behavioristic view of learning
• Rote work
• Repetitive practice
• Bonus points
• Participation points
• Verbal reinforcement

7. Behavioristic View Of Teacher
• Teacher is the dominant person.
• Teacher providing stimulus material and
promoting the correct responses.
• classical conditioning, operant
conditioning an social learning.
• Teacher can encourage or discourage a
student by using positive or negative
reward.

8. • Teachers should be the role model for
students
• Teacher use of technology - new software or
computer program for all students
• He motivate facilitates learning
• Teachers should present material in small
portion teacher should use repetion and lots
of practice provide more individual work
than group

9. Behavioristic View Of
Classroom
• A teacher uses behaviorism to
manage his / her classroom
• Teacher should use oparent
conditioning to reward or
punish his / her students

10. COGNITIVISM
• Focuses on mental processes,
including how people think
perceived an learn, to solve
problems an their attention to one
stimulus.
• Totally different from behaviorism
• It focuses the processing of
information, how the learner
organizes new information with in
the pre-existing one.

11. Cognitive View Of Learner
• Student is active role
• Students should thin deeply an
answer questions about the topic to
further develop their understanding.
• Students use sensory, short term
memory an long term memory to
store information learning in class.

12. • Students come up with mnemonic devices
to remember facts.
• Use existing knowledge to connect new
information to help students retain
information.
• Technology can be use to organize
information into charts , graphs, concepts,
maps etc.

13. Cognitive view of learning
• Cognitive learning believe learning occurs through
internal processing of information
• Learning includes the reorganization of experiences
either by attaining new insights or changing old ones.
• Examples of application of cognitive learning
• Classifying or chunking information
• Linking concepts
• Providing structure
• Discussion
• Problem solving

14. Cognitive View Of Teacher
• Teacher is to assist the learner application of
the proper learning strategies and the learner is
active in the learning process
• Expository teaching
• Teacher gives students the tools to organize
information for easier coding, storage, and
retrieval
• Meaningful learning method

15. • When processing new information the
teacher uses old information to introduce
new information and made connections.
• dual coding
• Both text and picture or sound while
instructing gives student s a better chances
of remembering an encoding the
information
• Technology can easily use to enhance a
lesson an the dual coding method

16. Cognitive View Of Classroom
• Teachers should understand an
incorporate different learning styles
in classroom
• Each student has a different type of
intelligence
• They use their dominant intelligence,
while also working to improve their
non dominant intelligence.

17. CONSTRUCTIVISM
• A theory base on observation an
scientific study about how people
learn
• Learner construct their own
understanding and knowledge of the
world through experiences an
reflecting on these experiences

18. Constructivist View Of Learner
• Student centered
• Learner must construct their own
understanding of the world in which they live
• Learner is self directed , creative and
innovative in nature.
• Develop sills by solving gained from
experimentation an increase the confidences
in their learning

19. Constructivist View Of
Learning
• Constructivist view of learning , the
learner constructs their own knowledge
• Now Constructivist view of learning
• Hans on approach
• Students control their own learning
processes
• Constructivism is closely line to
learning through social learning an
project base learning

20. Constructivist View Of Teacher
• Teacher role is to facilitate discussion
• Teacher is only a guide
• Avid jonassen identified 3 major role of
teacher to support students
• Modeling
• 1. behavioral modeling - how to perform
the activities identified in the activity
structure .
• 2. Cognitive modeling – articulates the
reasoning that learners should use while
engage in the activities.

21. • Coaching
• Good coach motivates learners, analysee
their performance, provides feedback and
advice on the performance an how to learn
about how to perform an provides reflection
an articulation was learner.
• Scaffolding
• Systematic approach to supporting the
learner, focusing on the task , environment,
the teacher an the learner.
• Provides temporary frame work to support
learning an student performance beyond
their capacities.

22. Constructivist View Of
Classroom
• The learners are actively involve
• The environment is democratic
• The activities are interactive an student
centered
• Some activities encourage in constructivist
classroom are
• Experimentation
• Research project
• Field trips
• films