Behaviorism
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The document discusses the theory of behaviorism. It defines key concepts of behaviorism such as classical and operant conditioning and how learning occurs through interactions with the environment and responses to stimuli that are reinforced. It also provides examples of how behaviorism applies in classroom settings, with an emphasis on observable and measurable outcomes, and the author's views that behaviorism has benefits but also limitations, especially for subjects beyond math, reading and writing.
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Behaviorism slideshow
Behaviorism is a learning theory that focuses on how environmental stimuli influence observable behaviors. Key proponents include Ivan Pavlov, BF Skinner, and John B. Watson. Under this theory, teachers give learners feedback, break tasks into simple parts, and use positive reinforcement to shape behaviors, checking work regularly to build skills from elementary to complex. Students are motivated to learn through rewards and ask questions in response to external factors.
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Behaviorism
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Mini project 2 --teaching and learning theories
Directions:
Imagine you are the principal in a school with a large influx of new teachers who have been prepared to use constructivist teaching strategies and to distrust direct instruction. Your older teachers, on the other hand, are the opposite – they distrust the new constructivist approaches and believe strongly in “traditional teaching.”
Prepare a 20 minute (or longer) discussion/presentation about different theories of teaching and learning, including direct instruction. Include a PowerPoint presentation with recorded audio on the strengths and weaknesses of each of the learning perspectives discussed in this chapter –behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist. Be sure to discuss the situations for which the behavioral approach is best. Give at least one example for each approach. Make sure that during your presentation, you:
Consider the pros and cons of direct instruction
Contrast direct instruction with a constructivist approach to teaching
Examine under what situations each approach is appropriate
Propose and defend a balanced approach to teaching.
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Behaviorism
- 1. BEHAVIORISM By Tim Weiss
- 2. BEHAVIORISM Key Points People Classroom My Views
- 3. KEY POINTS All behaviors are acquired through conditioning Conditioning is interaction with the environment Behavior can be studied and observed Learning from responses to stimuli Responses followed by reinforcement Next Slide
- 4. EXTENDED KEY POINTS Classical conditioning Naturally occurring stimulus and response Neutral stimulus paired with natural stimulus Neutral stimulus eventually evokes response Operant conditioning Instrumental conditioning Rewards and punishments Association of behavior and consequence Back to Menu
- 5. PEOPLE Ivan Sechenov “Reflexes of the Brain” Inhibitory Responses in CNS Neuroscience “Vestnik Evropy” Next Slide
- 6. MORE PEOPLE Ivan Pavlov – Pavlov’s Dogs B.F. Skinner – Skinner Box Edward Thorndike – Law of Effect John B. Watson – Little Albert Experiment Clark Hull – Drive Reduction Theory Back to Menu
- 7. CLASSROOM Pre-assessment Mastering early steps Progressing to complex steps Use of cues Reinforcement to impact performance Observable and measurable outcomes Next Slide
- 8. CLASSROOM EXAMPLE Graphing Equations Pre-test Class Lesson Whiteboard Group Project Project Presentation Homework Assignment Back to Menu
- 9. MY VIEWS Behaviorism in Elementary Education Positives: Observable Progress Incorporating Lesson Styles Tangible Reward System Negatives: Focus on process and not skills Less personal relation in learning Low level of processing Next Slide
- 10. MY VIEWS CONTINUED Behaviorism in Elementary Education Great in some classes Math Reading Writing Poor in other classes Social Studies History Science Back to Menu