Behavioral activation
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The document discusses theories about why rates of depression have increased dramatically in recent decades. While biological factors are involved, they are insufficient to explain such a large rise. Theories discussed include that depression results from biological, behavioral, cognitive, and interpersonal factors interacting. Rates of depression also differ across cultures and time periods. Rumination, avoidance, isolation, and withdrawal from social support are behaviors associated with depression that paradoxically maintain the condition long-term rather than providing short-term relief.
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Acceptance & Commitment Therapy
Josue Guadarrama, MA Presentation at 2016 Science of HOPE
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Developed within a coherent theoretical and philosophical framework, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a unique, empirically based psychological intervention that uses acceptance and mindfulness strategies, together with value driven commitment and behavior change strategies, to increase psychological flexibility. ACT uses three broad categories of techniques: mindfulness, including being present in the moment and defusion techniques; acceptance; and commitment to values-based living. Participants in this seminar will learn mindfulness as a way of observing ones experience, in the present moment, without judgment and “defuse,” or distancing oneself from unhelpful thoughts, reactions and sensations. Aside from a didactic approach, there will be video examples, and skill practice. Audience participation is highly encouraged.
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Lesson 02
Clinical psychologists apply principles and procedures to understand, predict, and alleviate intellectual, emotional, psychological, and behavioral problems. They have skills in intervention and therapy, assessment and diagnosis, teaching, clinical supervision, research, consultation, program development, and administration. Some of their main activities include conducting psychotherapy and other therapies to help people overcome mental illnesses; assessing individuals' development, behavior, and functioning through methods like testing and interviews to inform diagnoses; and teaching courses on topics like psychopathology and psychological testing at academic institutions.
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2) The psychodynamic approach believes that psychological disorders stem from unconscious conflicts, often related to unresolved issues from childhood. Treatments therefore aim to reveal the unconscious and lift defense mechanisms.
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Behavioral activation
- 2. What are some theories?
- 3. Roughly 25 % of the US population will experience depression in their lifetime. If you have experienced one episode of depression, you are likely to have another, or to become chronically depressed.
- 4. Biological explanations are not sufficient to account for the vast increase in depression over the past 50 years. Incidence of depression has tripled since World War II.
- 5. What are your theories about why depression has increased so dramatically?
- 7. we Thinking of depression as an illness can help reduce the shame we may feel if if we think it‟s a weakness, or that it‟s our fault. Thinking of depression as an illness, because it has a recognizable set of symptoms, gives the impression that it can be treated “medically.”
- 8. Depression is caused and maintained by biological behavioral cognitive Interpersonal ingredients
- 9. Depression presents differently: In different cultures At different times in history
- 10. Makes you feel better in the short term Feeling depressed Staying inside, withdrawing from friends, thinking about problems Gets you further stuck in the long run
- 11. Avoidance Isolation Rumination are like digging to get out of a hole
- 13. “I‟m noticing that when I spend a lot of time watching TV and sitting in the recliner.. My mood is__________________ My energy is_________________ My self concept is____________ My attitude is________________ My willingness is_____________
- 14. Avoidance, Isolation, & Comfort Away from what undesired consequence? Toward what desired consequence?
- 15. I should update my resume I need to pay bills I have to see my family and friends I should get some exercise I „ve got to spend some time on my hobby
- 16. Avoidance of thoughts, feelings and values based actions Away from what undesired consequence? Toward what desired consequence?
- 17. Triggers Behaviors • Bad stuff that happens • Bad stuff that goes on for a long time • Is the bad stuff inside you or outside you? • Is the behavior aimed at short term relief? • Is the behavior aimed at long term values? • Does the behavior work or not? Does short term relief resolve depression? • Do the payoffs or costs occur inside you (thoughts & feelings) or outside you (actions)? Payoffs or • Does taking action that increases pleasure or self efficacy resolve depression? costs
- 18. 1. Much of your behavior is so automatic that it occurs outside of your awareness. 2. You do much of what you do out of habit. Depression can be viewed as habits of depressive behaviors. Rumination Sedentary Lifestyle Avoiding work
- 19. • • • • • • Isolation Avoidance Rumination Sedentary-inactivity Drugs and alcohol Complaining • Social support (family & friends) • Pleasurable activities • Values based activities (work, challenging tasks, helping others, accomplishments) • Increased physical activity/exercise
- 20. I‟ll get up when I feel better… I‟ll feel better when I get up…
- 22. Trigger Response A situation that has an impact on a you Your reaction to the trigger, frequently emotional Avoidance Pattern The avoidance behavior the you engage in
- 23. Trigger Response Same trigger as the TRAP The same feeling you have in the TRAP Alternative Coping An active rather than avoidant, response