This document discusses depression among medical students. It reports that the prevalence of depression among medical students is around 27% based on a systematic review, and even higher at 48% in one Indian study. Common symptoms of depression include depressed mood, loss of interest, changes in appetite, sleep problems, low energy, poor concentration, and feelings of guilt or low self-worth. The document outlines diagnostic criteria, types of depression, causes and management strategies like lifestyle changes, counseling, medication, and coping skills.

1. COMBATING DEPRESSION
DR MOHIT BANSSAL
PGT-2
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY

2. OBJECTIVES
 Understanding depression with sign and symptom.
 Incidence of depression among medical students.
 When to seek help.
 Various methods to overcome depression among
the students.

3. MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM
 A systematic review in 2016
 The estimate of the prevalence of depression or
depressive symptoms among medical students was
27.2% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.1%.
 A study in Puducherry
 The overall prevalence of depression was found to
be 48.4% .33.6% as mild , 13.5% moderate , 0.7%
as severe , 0.7% students scored as very severe
depression.
 2015 study in Indian Medical Graduates,
 More than half of the respondents were affected by
depression (51.3%), anxiety (66.9%) and stress
(53%).

5.  What is depression?
 Symptoms of depression.
 Types of depression.
 Causes of depression
 Management of depression

6. WHAT IS DEPRESSION??
 Everyone occasionally feels blue or sad.
 But these feelings are usually short-lived and pass
within a couple of days.
 When you have depression, it interferes with daily
life and causes pain for both you and those who
care about you.

7.  Depression is a common mental disorder that
presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or
pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth,
disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor
concentration.
 Depression is a common but serious illness.

8. WHAT IS DEPRESSION? - VARIOUS CRITERIA.
ICD – 10
International classification of mental and behavioural disorder
Code-F32
 Patient has low mood:
1)How bad is it and how long has it been going on?
2)Have you lost interest in things?
3)Are you more tired than usual?
If the answer is yes to these, then:

9. ICD – 10 (CONTINUED)
4)Have you lost confidence in yourself?
5)Do you feel guilty about things?
6)Concentration difficulties?
7)Sleeping problems?
8)Change in appetite or weight?
9)Do you feel that life is not worth living any more?

10. Motor
Symptoms
Depressed
mood
Somatic
symptoms
Cognitive
Disorders
BASIC SYMPTOMS

11. SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION
 Changes in Thinking
 Changes in feeling
 Changes in Behavior
 Changes in Physical Well-being

12. SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION
Changes in Thinking
 Negative thinking
 forgetfulness
 decrease concentration & attention
 Poor self-esteem

13. SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION
Changes in feeling
Feeling low
Loss of enjoyment
Lack of motivation

14. SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION
Changes in Behavior
o social withdrawal
o Temper outburst
o Loss of appetite
o Decrease libido

15. SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION:
Changes in Physical Well-being
o Chronic fatigue
o Disturb sleep
o Multiple somatic complain like headache
, back pain .

16. HOW DO I KNOW IF I’M DEPRESSED?

17. RESULT

18. OFTEN MISSED….
 50% are missed.
 10% subsequently recognised.
 Of the 40% who remain
unrecognised:
 Half remit spontaneously.
 Half remain depressed 6 months
later.

19.  WARNING SIGNS
 Severe psychomotor retardation
 Withdrawn behaviour
 Self harm thoughts

20. Therapy
of Depression

21. INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO MANAGE
DEPRESSION
LIFESTYLE CHANGES
COPING SKILLS
COUNSELLING
MEDICATIONS

22. Making lifestyle changes:
• Exercise
• Healthy diet
• Adequate rest/sleep
• Cessation of alcohol /smoking
• Meditation and relaxation exercise
• Early intervention for any medical condition
• Scheduling day work(make certainity)

23.  Coping Skill
 Take help, social support
Problem
 yes No
(deal with emotions)
 Cognitive /Thinking changes
-selective abstraction -overgeneralization

24.  Cognitive appraisal and beliefs----counter your
assumptions and beliefs.
 Look for negative thoughts
 Replace maladaptive thoughts
 Challenge maladaptive thoughts
 Logical thinking
 Alternative thinking
 Positive thinking (improves mood)

25.  Problem solving skills
 List solutions
 Pros and cons
. Time Management:----based on urgency and
importance.

26.  spiritual and philosophical domain
 Doing good to community, increases self worth.
 Family
 Socialising in real world.

27. HOW TO COPE WITH DEPRESSION?
 Maintain healthy life style
 Find your motivation
 Set small goals daily
 Eat healthy
 Exercise
 Get sunlight exposure
 Reduce negative thoughts
 Don’t underestimate the symptoms
 Get enough sleep
 Meditate
 Record joy and accomplishments

28.  Do something new
 Confide in loved ones
 Keep a journal
 Get physical examination regularly