This document discusses behavior therapy, including its definition, origins, assumptions, use of the scientific method, and empirical findings. Behavior therapy focuses on observable behaviors rather than assumed inner causes, and aims to modify maladaptive behaviors through learning principles. It establishes specific treatment goals, rejects concepts of traits, and adapts to clients' problems. Behavior therapy emphasizes present behaviors and seeks experimental evidence. Assessment tools are used to evaluate behaviors. Ethical guidelines were established for behavior therapy interventions.

2.  Definition and Nature of Behavior Therapy
 The Origin of Behavior Therapy
 The Assumptions of behavior Therapy
 Behavior Therapy and Scientific Method
 Behavior Therapy and Accumulation of
Empirical Findings
 Behavior Therapy and Theory

3.  The Importance of Simplifying Assumptions
 Behavioral Assessment
 Behavior Therapy and Ethical Consideration

4.  It is a technique use to change maladaptive
behavior into adaptive behavior.
 Origin/History:
 Originally psycho therapist used behavior
therapy for the treatment of psychopathology and
improvement of psychological complaint.
 Franks (1969b) explain the various application of
behavior therapy such as operant conditioning.

5.  Thorndike (1898, 1911,1913) introduced Operant
conditioning and the experimental work of
Watson (1924,1920) that focus on psychological
illness in human being.
 Eysenke’s (1960, 1963) play An important role in
behavior therapy that was first behavior therapy
journal.

6. 1. The focus of behavior therapy is only on
behavior itself than on assumed basic source.
2. Behavior therapy focus on noticeable degree of
maladaptive behaviors that are acquired through
learning.
3. It also suggested that maladaptive behaviors can
be modify due to the effect of psychological
principles, that is learning principle.

7. 4. Behavior therapy also establishes the specific
goals to treat maladaptive behavior.
5. Behavior therapy also rejects the concept of
psychological traits.
6. The Behavior therapist adopts his method of
treatment to the client’s problem.

8. 7. Behavior therapy focus on here and now.
8. Behavior therapists place Great value on
finding Experimental Support for various
practices.

9.  The goal of science is expectation.
 The aim of scientific is to create legal
interactions between apparent phenomenon,
therefore given of set of event, one can expect
the happening of another set of event.
 An investigation of high score IQ leading high
scores in college grad-point average, is empirical
because it is based on

10. systematic observation and is also reffers to
correlational studies.
 When the term Empirical findings is used, we are
normally referring to experimenting; i-e case
study, well controlled investigations.

11.  In case study, the client as patient rather than an
experimental subject.
 The case history method may be considered as
very crude experimental method, while it is clear
that the therapist is doing actively something
with his client and deeply observe the results.

12.  Controlled experiments:
In an experiment control refer to
any of a sizeable number of procedure employed to
insure that results are obtained correctly and
relatively clear.

13.  In 1965, A conference conducted by behavior
therapist, that gave the idea of changes in human
behavior.
 In this time period the Empirical support for
systematic desensitization and assertive training
was relatively week.

14.  Skinner and followers works on psychological
theories that have not contributed a great deal to
establishment of functional relationships(i-e
lawful relationship between variables).
 They are uncomfortable with with the practice of
postulating hypothetical inner causes, refer to as”
hypothetical constructs”.

15.  Example :
Example of such constructs are id, ego and
superego of frudian psychology, the expectancies of
Tolmanian learning theory, and thought and images
that cognitive behavior therapist believe are
important determinants of human behavior(
Ellis,1977, Mohoney 1977b).

16.  It is obvious that human behavior is a complex. On
can determine almost countless number of believable
factors, both internal and external, to account for
essentially any observable response made by an adult
human behavior.
 The Behavior therapist have good understand about
simplifying assumptions. He may not have a
position, for example that parental attention is a sole
factor maintaining outburst behavior, that one can
explain all of human behavior in terms of principle
underlying behavior therapy.

17.  Recent year have witnessed a sharp increase in
the number of experimental and theoretical
publications dealing with the area of behavioral
assessment.
 Psychologist, therapist may use different
methods to assess the behavior with the help of
assessment tools.

18.  A traditional psychological assessment battery
might include a Rorschach ( projective test), a
Bender Gestalt (test of brain damage), and paper-
and-pencil personality inventory.
 Now consider an example of paper-and-pencil
scale, that is used by Behavior therapist: fear
survey shedule(FSS, Geer, 1965; Wolpe & Lang,
1964 in several version).

19.  A committee was established in 1975 by the
board of directors of the Association for the
Advancement of behavior therapy to form rule of
ethic to apply on all type of Behavior and human
intervention.
 Ethical consideration have always been concern
of professional psychologist.

20. Thank You!