Bee biology and communication.pptx
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This document summarizes key aspects of bee biology and communication. It describes the four life stages of honeybee development and the three castes in a honeybee colony: queens, workers, and drones. Queens lay eggs and produce pheromones, workers divide labor and duties as they age, and drones mate with queens. The document also explains the three types of honeybee dances - waggle, round, and sickle - used to communicate location and distance of food sources. Finally, it mentions how honeybees use pheromones and food exchanges to share information within the colony.
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
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Bee biology and communication.pptx
- 1. Bee biology and communication Dr. Denisha Rajkhowa Assistant Professor Department of Entomology CoA, CAU, Imphal
- 2. Biology of Honeybee • Honey bees undergo complete metamorphosis (holometabolism) • Develop through four life stages 1. Egg 2. Larva 3. Pupa 4. Adult
- 3. Colony organization • There are three castes in a honeybee colony: queen, workers and drone • Queen and workers are female bee and drones are male bee • Only one queen can live in Apis species colony but in case of stingless bee, there are more than one queen in a colony • From fertilized egg, workers are developed and in Apis cerana colony 10,000-30,000 workers and in Apis mellifera colony 30,000-50,000 workers are present • Drones are developed from unfertilized egg and only 200-300 drones in Apis cerana colony and 400-500 in Apis mellifera colony are present
- 4. Fig: Apis cerana colony
- 5. Fig: Apis mellifera colony
- 6. Fig: Apis dorsata colony
- 7. Fig: Apis florea colony
- 8. Queen • Queen is the only reproductively and perfectly developed female in the colony • Queen can lay fertilized and unfertilized eggs as is indicated by the workers • A queen can live upto 2 – 5 years • Can lay 1500 eggs a day during breeding season • Produces air-borne pheromones (“queen substance”) that keep the colony functioning orderly, loyal and protective to that queen • Stinger does not have barbs – only uses it to kill rival queens Fig . Apis cerana queen Fig . Apis mellifera queen
- 9. Workers • A worker bee’s life spend is about 6 weeks during active brood rearing season • Division of labour among the workers is on physiological basis • During the first half of her life she becomes nurse bee, they involves in wax production, feeding to the larvae, royal preparation, comb building etc. • In the second half of her life, she becomes searcher and gatherer Fig . Apis cerana worker Fig . Apis mellifera worker
- 10. Drone • The average life span of drone is almost 2 months • The only function of male bee is to mate with queen and die after mating • They can not feed by themselves, so 3-6 workers are required to transfer the food to a drone • They are driven out of the hive to die of starvation when not needed Fig . Apis cerana drone Fig . Apis mellifera drone
- 11. Honeybee communication • Honey bees use movement, odour cues, and even food exchanges to share information. • During foraging honeybee can communicate to each other through their movement which is called dance communication • There are 3 types of dance communication 1. Waggle dance 2. Round dance 3. Sickle dance • The purpose of the dance is simply to gain attention to the returning worker bee so she can share the odor of the nectar with other workers who will then follow the odor trail to the source
- 12. • Waggle dance performs to teach other workers (gatherer) the location of food sources more than 150 meters from the hive • Round dance is a series of narrow circular movements, alerts colony members to the presence of food within 50 meters of the hive • Sickle dance is intermediate between waggle and round dance, alerts workers to food supplies within 50-150 meters from the hive
- 13. Sickle dance
- 14. • Odour cues also transmit important information to members of the honey bee colony 1. Pheromones produced by the queen control reproduction in the hive 2. Pheromones play a role in the defense of the hive as well. When a worker honey bee stings, it produces a pheromone that alerts her fellow workers to the threat 3. During wax production, honey production they also use different kind of pheromone
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