The document provides a comprehensive list of beauty ingredients, detailing their sources, benefits, and uses in skincare. It covers a variety of natural substances, such as acai berry, aloe vera, and antioxidant-rich fruits, which offer various healing and anti-inflammatory properties. Each ingredient is presented with its unique characteristics and applications in cosmetic formulations.

1. Beauty Ingredients compiled by connie www.clubalthea.com
Acai Berry - a Brazilian berry from the Amazon Region. Packed with antioxidants,
amino acids, essential omega fatty acids, fibers and protein. Can add brilliance and fight
free radicals when used in skincare.
Algae - Aquatic, eukaryotic one-celled or multicellular plants high in chlorophyll, and
other minerals.
Allantoin - Extracted from comfrey root (sometimes from sugar beets), containing anti-
inflammatory and anti-irritant properties. Used to help heal discomforted skin, though
never on open wounds.
Aloe Vera - Known as the "first aid" plan, Aloe Aera is taken from the inner leaves of the
plant. It is a water/gel-like substance that is known for the ability to soothe irritated skin,
especially sunburned skin. It is also a soothing anti-inflammatory that can be used in
lotions, creams, cleansers and other products.
Alpha Hydroxy Acid - Also known as lactic acid, malic acid, glycolic acid. These acids
are commonly derived from milk or fruit, and used as natural exfoliants. They can help
reduce ingrown hairs and improve the look of skin, by removing the layer of dead skin
cells from the surface.
Amazonian Nut Oil - Also known as Brazil Nut Oil. An Amazonian tree nut, used in
cosmetics for the oil, which has emollient, moisturizing and lubricant qualities. Other
medicinal properties include selenium, an important antioxidant. An infusion made from
the shell is used to treat liver complaints, and the liquid found inside the pulp is used to
treat hepatitis.
Amino Acids - The building blocks of proteins, which make up the skin.
Amyris - Also known as West Indian Sandalwood oil, the aromatherapeutic qualities
include antiseptic, balsamic, sedative, calming and an aid to stress relief. It has sedative
properties and helps during meditation.
Antioxidants - Our bodies naturally produce free radicals (by-products) when our cells
use oxygen, which essentially are the cause of aging. Antioxidants act as "free radical
scavengers" and hence prevent and repair damage done by these free radicals.
Apple - The apple contains many vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Used in skincare
for their protecting and strengthening qualities on hair and skin.
Apple Cider Vinegar - This miracle fluid has been used as a traditional folk remedy for
hundreds of years. It is rich in naturally occurring alpha-hydroxy acids, helping to
dissolve fatty deposits on the skin's surface and reducing scaly conditions, promoting a
softer, smoother appearance. It also regulates the pH of the skin and hair.
Apricot Kernel Oil - The oil derived from the stone of the Apricot, a summer tree fruit.
The oil is high in antioxidants and used as a cosmetic ingredient for softening and
moisturizing.
Argan Oil - Originates in Morocco, where its oil is consumed. The oil is very rare and
expensive, and the tree is now endangered. In skincare, it is used for the high percentage
of unsaturated fatty acids.
Arnica - From a small flowering bush native to Europe. It is useful to treat and soothe
acne, bruises, sprains, and relieve irritations from trauma, arthritis and muscle or cartilage
pain.

2. Astringent - is a substance that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues. Useful in
reducing the appearance of puffiness and inflammation.
Avocado Oil - Produced from the flesh of the Avocado fruit, it is a rich and extremely
deep penetrating oil, full of vitamins A, D and E, lecithin, as well as potassium - known
as the youth mineral. It can help to reduce age spots, heal sun damage and scars.
Awapuhi - Also known as white ginger. In skincare, it is antimicrobial and anti bacterial,
and anti-inflammatory.
Azulene - The extract of chamomile, deep blue in color. It is known to have antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties.
B
Babassu - From Brazil, it is a superior moisturizer beneficial for both dry and oily
complexions, without leaving an oily sheen.
Basil - An herb used to treat acne, as well as congested complexions. In aromatherapy, it
is used to clear the head, enhance mental clarity, memory and concentration.
Bay - An evergreen found in the Mediterranean region. In aromatherapy, it is used as an
antiseptic and antibacterial.
Bearberry - A shrub tree, grown along the Pacific coast of N. America. It contains a
high-level of antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and works well in skincare as a
lightener.
Beeswax - Substance made by bees to build the walls of their honeycomb. It is a
thickening agent and has some emollient properties.
Bentonite - Clay formed from volcanic ash, often used in cosmetics to absorb and draw
toxins from the skin.
Benzoin - The resin of a tropical Asian tree, commonly used for eczema and dry skin. It
is a potent natural preservative, and has some disinfecting and fragrant properties. In
aromatherapy it is used as a relaxing agent for nervous tension and stress.
Benzyl Peroxide - A treatment for acne. It works by removing the top layer of skin and
unblocking the oil glands that helps to keep the skin soft and smooth. It also acts as an
antiseptic to decrease bacteria and yeast on the surface of the skin.
Bergamot - A member of the citrus tree family, known to give Earl Grey tea its fragrant
quality. As an essential oil it is anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, immune enhancing, and
analgesic.
Bilberry - This berry is closely related to American blueberry, cranberry, and
huckleberry. It is effective as an antioxidant, and has been known to be consumed for eye
health.
Bisabolol - Derived from chamomile, it is used for the anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory
and antibacterial properties on the skin.
Black Cherry - A tree fruit containing high levels of vitamins and antioxidants.
Black Tea - See Tea.
Blackberry - A rich berry that grows on thorny vines throughout N. America and
Europe. It is extremely high in antioxidants, and vitamins.
Blackcurrant - A shrub berry, containing high levels of gamma linoleic acid. Used to
impart a smooth complexion.
Bladderwrack - Derived from seaweed; it can be an effective antioxidant and has water-
binding properties for skin.
Blood Orange - An orange with deep red flesh, containing strong antioxidants.

3. Blue Violet - Native to N. America, and considered a garden weed. It is a powerful anti-
inflammatory.
Blueberry - A low growing shrub berry, incredibly high in vitamins and antioxidants.
Blueberry's have been known to stimulate the digestive system, and are consumed for eye
health.
Borage - Borage is an annual plant that grows wild in the Mediterranean countries. It was
traditionally given as a tea to induce confidence. This oil contains gamma-linoleic acid
(GLA), an omega-6 oil that supports healthy skin and hair, and also has been used as an
anti-inflammatory.
Brewer's Yeast - Used to ferment the sugars when producing beer. Yeast is a source of
betaglucan, an antioxidant.
Brown Rice - This whole grain contains rice bran oil, a significant source of naturally
occurring Vitamin E. It is used in cosmetics to help speed healing, prevent and treat scars.
Burdock - The root of this common plant is a known potent liver detoxifier. In skincare,
it is effective as an anti-inflammatory agent and is powerfully antioxidant.
C
Cacao - A bean of the tropical S.Americas. In skincare and hair care, the butter and oil of
the cacao (chocolate) are extremely high in antioxidants and caffeine.
Caffeine - A derivative of the coffee bean. Caffeine is used in skincare due to the very
high antioxidant properties, used as a draining and slimming agent.
Calendula - Also known as pot marigold, is used widely in cosmetics as an anti-
inflammatory. It is so soothing that it is prevalently used in baby and dry skin products. It
is also antibacterial and antioxidant.
Camellia - An extract of the tea plant, containing incredibly high amounts of
antioxidants. It has strong emollient and anti-inflammatory properties for skin. There are
over 200 species of camellia including the famous tea plant, grown across eastern and S.
Asia from the Himalaya east to Japan and Indonesia.
Camphor - Aromatic substance obtained from the wood of a SE. Asian tree. When
applied to the skin it produces a cooling effect and dilates blood vessels. It is also used
aroma therapeutically to ward off moths and insects.
Candelilla Wax - Derived from Candelilla plants; used as a thickening agent and
emollient to give products such as lipsticks or stick foundations their form.
Caprylic Triglycerides - Derived from coconut, and considered to be a good emollient
and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Cardamom - Plant of the ginger family, used as fragrance in cosmetics. In aromatherapy,
it is uplifting, refreshing and a known aphrodisiac.
Carnuba Wax - A natural, hard wax extracted from the leaves of the Brazilian palm tree.
Used primarily as a thickening agent, but can also have film-forming and absorbent
properties.
Carrot - Carrots have been used for over 2,000 years for their health-giving properties
and high vitamin A content - therefore an antioxidant. They are an incredible source of
beta-carotene, a wonderful health booster. Carrots are superb in the use of cosmetics for
treating dry, damaged and mature skin.
Castor Oil - An oil derived from the castor bean. Castor Oil is rich in fatty acids that are
very moisturizing to the skin; medicinally, castor oil is used in packs to draw toxins from
the body.

4. Cedarwood - A fragrant extract from the cedar tree. Used in aromatherapy for the stress-
relieving, meditative, and harmonizing qualities; also used as an insect repellant.
Cellulose Gum - The primary fiber component of plants. Used in skincare as a binding
and thickening agent.
Chamomile - An ancient herb used for centuries to calm and soothe. Chamomile is
grown throughout Europe, Africa and the Americas. Is has anti-irritant, soothing, and
antioxidant properties.
Che Qian Zi - See Plantain.
Cherry - A dark colored summer tree fruit, packed with vitamins and antioxidants. Used
to promote a healthy glow and skin cell turnover.
Chocolate - See Cacao. Used in both dark and white form.
Cinnamon - Derived from the bark of the spice tree, Cinnamon is a stimulant for the
circulatory system. In aromatherapy, it is used for the antiseptic and warming qualities.
Citric Acid - Derived from citrus and used primarily to adjust the pH of products to
prevent them from being too alkaline.
Clove - Derived from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, an evergreen tree in the
myrtle family. They are used for their aromatherapeutic properties, which include
warming and stimulating, antiseptic, analgesic, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal. Traditionally
used for toothache applications, to reduce pain. Cloves repel moths.
Cocoa Butter - The luxurious oil extracted from cocoa beans, used as an emollient. It
smells richly of chocolate, and therefore is also used for the fragrance.
Coconut - Has cleansing and degreasing properties, and natural detergent cleansing
agents are frequently derived from coconut oil. The oil is a wonderful skin moisturizer.
Coffee - Has been shown to have potent levels of antioxidants.
Combava - Combava is a rare fruit found in the rainforests of Madagascar. It is known to
contain extremely high levels of antioxidants. In aromatherapy, it is known to have an
uplifting effect.
Copper PCA - Copper supplements have been shown to speed healing in humans.
Coriander - A spice commonly found in Europe, though originating in Egypt. In
aromatherapy, it is used as a digestive. It has some antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Corn - Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.
Cranberry - A sour bush berry. Commonly used in cooking, the fruit is high in vitamins
and antioxidants, and has anti-inflammatory properties. Cranberries are known to help
prevent urinary and bladder infections when taken internally.
Cucumber - A member of the muskmelon family, cucumbers have anti-inflammatory
and soothing properties. Often used in under-eye creams, to de-puff.
Cypress - The Cypress is a perennial tree, found along the coast of the Mediterranean. In
aromatherapy, it is used for varicose veins and hemorrhoids, reduces oiliness of skin, and
aids lymphatic drainage.
D
Damiana - is a shrub native to Central and S.America. It is noted to be an aphrodisiac
when ingested - and rumored to be the ingredient in the first margherita.
Dandelion - A close relative of chicory, and considered a common garden weed.
Dandelion is a potent detoxifier, traditionally used to cleanse the liver. It is high in
various vitamins and minerals.

5. Dead Sea Salts - The Dead Sea is considered to be globally the lowest point on dry land.
Its water is over 8 times saltier than seawater, and contains a host of valuable healing
minerals. The waters and their salts are traditionally used to treat various ailments,
particularly psoriatic skin.
Decyl Glucoside - a gentle detergent cleansing agent, naturally derived from sugar.
E
Echinacea - A N.American herb traditionally taken to boost the immune system. On
skin, it may have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Elder Flower - From the Elder tree, commonly found in parts of Europe. Traditionally
used as a healing herb, particularly for colds and flu. Has anti-inflammatory properties.
Elemi - A tree native to the Philippine Islands, the soothing properties make it useful in
treating wounds and scars. Also taken internally for coughs and colds.
Emollient - Supple, waxlike, lubricating, thickening agents that prevent water loss and
have a softening and soothing effect on the skin.
Enzymes - A vast group of protein molecules produced by all living things to affect
chemical and biological reactions whether it is photosynthesis, helping cells
communicate, or inhibiting free-radical damage. As they are used in skin-care products,
enzymes facilitate exfoliation, to help overall biological processes in skin that have
slowed down because of age or sun damage, and to inhibit free-radical damage.
Epsom Salts - Essentially magnesium sulfate. This salt helps to draw toxins from the
body when used as a bath soak.
Ester C - Brand name for a Vitamin C complex that is used topically in skin care.
Ethanol - Naturally derived alcohol.
Ethylhexyl (octyl) Palmitate - Fatty acid used as an emollient and as an agent to help
keep other ingredients intact in a formulation. Derived from Palm.
Eucalyptus - A tree common to parts of the Americas and Australia. Eucalyptus has
antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, making it an amazing detoxifier for the
skin. It is also very cooling and soothing.
Evaporated Cane Juice - The dried juice of the sugar cane, used as a mild AHA.
Evening Primrose - A small yellow wildflower (Oenothera biennis) that is rich in
linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid. May help regulate hormonal levels, and has anti-
inflammatory properties.
F
Farnesol - An extract of plants that is used in cosmetics primarily for fragrance. It has
also been shown to contain antibacterial properties.
Fatty Acid - Substances typically found in plant and animal lipids (fat). They are used in
cosmetics as emollients, thickening agents, and, when mixed with glycerin, cleansing
agents. Fatty acids are natural components of skin and are components of a complex
mixture that makes up the outermost layer protecting the body against oxidative damage
Fennel - A licorice-like bulb vegetable, common in the Mediterranean. It is known to
have antioxidant properties.
Flax Seed Oil - Also known as linseed oil. An ancient plant, the seeds are a tremendous
source of fatty acids.
Flavanoid - Potent antioxidant of plant origin.

6. Foraha - An evergreen tree that grows from eastern India to the South Pacific. It helps
wounds to heal and is soothing for eczema and skin irritations such as burns, rashes and
insect bites.
Frangipani - A native to Mexico, Central America, and Venezuela. Known in India as
Krishna's flower. In aromatherapy, it is used for the calming, sedative and aphrodisiac
qualities.
Frankincense - A resin obtained from various Arabian or East African trees; as a
fragrance, can help deepen meditation. It has anti-fungal and antibacterial properties.
Fucus - Derived from seaweed, it can be an effective antioxidant and has water-binding
properties for skin.
G
Gardenia - A small flowering brush with jasmine-like scented flowers. The oil is
commonly used as an expensive fragrance.
Geranium - A flowering plant, originating in north and central Asia. It can be used to
balance the production of sebum in the skin, and is particularly soothing, sedative,
healing. It has potent antioxidant and anti-microbial properties.
Ginger - Commonly grown in warmer climates, such as Jamaica, Africa and China.
Ginger has potent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties.
Ginseng - Native to Eastern N.America and Asia. The root has been used for thousands
of years for almost all ailments. In skincare, it can help balance oil production, and may
have antitumor and anticancer properties.
Glucoside - Surfactant derived from sugar.
Glycerin - An extremely effective humectant, naturally derived from coconut.
Glycolic Acid - An acid that can exfoliate skin cells by breaking down the substance in
skin that holds skin cells together.
Glycosides - have water-binding properties.
Goji Berry - Native to the Himalayas, these berries are nutritionally rich, containing
beta-carotene, Vitamins C, B1, B2 and other vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and amino
acids. In skincare, Goji has been shown to help promote a boost in collagen levels.
Golden Seal - Like Echinacea, this herb is a powerful immune booster, with antibacterial
and antiviral properties.
Gotu Kola - Primarily of Asian origin, this herb has antibacterial, anti-psoriatic, and
wound-healing properties.
Grape - The popular vine fruit, famously known for the use in the production of wine, is
also a powerful skincare ingredient. Grapes are used for their skin, juice and seeds. They
contain high levels of vitamins and antioxidants.
Grape Seed Extract - The grape seed contains very potent antioxidants, and its oil is an
incredibly lightweight moisturizer.
Grapefruit Seed Oil - Of the citrus fruit, it is a powerful natural preservative.
Green Mandarin - Found in Italy, the peel of this citrus is used in aromatherapy to
soothe anxiety.
Green Tea - See Tea.
Guaiac Wood - A wood oil from Brazil. It is used in aromatherapy for the exotic, sensual
fragrance.
Guar Gum - Plant-derived thickening agent.

7. Guava - Thought to originate in the Tropics of the Americas. Extremely high in Vitamin
C.
H
Hazelnut - A tree nut, used often to flavor drinks and confections. The oil is used
cosmetically as an emollient.
Hemp - The seed of the hemp plant is high in essential fatty acids. It is this property that
makes hemp seed oil an incredible ingredient for young-looking skin. It contains an
insignificant amount of the psychoactive substance found in marijuana.
Hibiscus - A flowering tropical plant, the hibiscus is known to have antioxidant,
antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Ho wood - Originating in China, it is traditionally used to treat a variety of skin ailments
particularly acne and wrinkles.
Honey - The viscous, sweet syrup produced by the honeybee. A very valuable healing
agent, it has been used for centuries on burns and boils. It has been shown to have
antimicrobial and antibacterial properties, and is also used as a moisturizer.
Hops - Grown in cool climates, the hops flowers are commonly used in the production of
beer. Hops flowers have antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and are also used
traditionally to induce sleep.
Horsetail - Found across the N. hemisphere, horsetail is one of the oldest living plants on
Earth. The extract can help improve the skin's elasticity.
Humectant - Water binding ingredient.
I
Irish Moss - A type of red algae. See Algae.
Iron Oxides - Compounds of iron that are used as colorings in some cosmetics.
Ivy - This climbing vine has been used traditionally to treat cellulite. It is also very
helpful in relieving discomforted skin, and is useful in the treatment of eczema.
J
Jasmine - A delicate, seductive flowering vine. In aromatherapy, the oil is used as an
aphrodisiac, and to calm and sedate.
Jojoba - A wax derived from a desert-plant found in N. America. Closest to the skins
naturally occurring sebum, making it an excellent oil to balance skins oil production.
Juniper - Of the Cypress family of trees, the berry is well known as the main ingredient
in gin. In skincare the oil is useful in treating cellulite, acne, dermatitis, blocked pores,
psoriasis and eczemas.
K
Kaolin - Natural claylike mineral (silicate of aluminum) that is used in cosmetics for its
absorbent properties.
Katrafay - Derived from a tree in Madagascar. It is a plant oil that may have anti-
inflammatory properties, and is traditionally used by women after giving birth.
Kawakawa - A small tree grown in New Zealand. In skincare, the leaves and bark can be
applied as a treatment for wounds, ulcers, skin diseases, eye inflammation, scalds, and
burns. It has analgesic (anti-inflammatory) properties.
Kelp - See Algae.
Keratin - The primary protein of skin, hair, and nails.
Key Lime - Of the citrus family, smaller and rounder than the common lime. In skincare,
it is used to clarify and detoxify. It is high in vitamin C.

8. Kiwi - Or Chinese Gooseberry, native to New Zealand. The bright green fruit is
incredibly high in vitamin C, and has antioxidant properties.
Kola Nut - Of a tree grown in the tropical forests of Africa, and famous as the main
flavoring in Coca Cola. The active caffeine in Kola Nut helps to aid in circulation, and is
therefore helpful in the treatment of cellulite.
L
Lactic Acid - An alpha hydroxy acid extracted from milk, though most forms used in
cosmetics are synthetic. It exfoliates cells on the surface of skin by breaking down the
material that holds skin cells together.
Lacto Peroxidase - Enzyme derived from milk; it has antibacterial properties for skin.
Lady's Mantle - A plant commonly grown in garden's since the 16th century. It has been
used for centuries as an aid to heal wounds and inflammation.
Lavender - A flowering plant found throughout the Mediterranean, tropical Africa, India
and N. America. It is hugely beneficial internally and externally, as it is anti-
inflammatory, anti-bacterial and antimicrobial. It is used as a soothing skin tonic, a
calming moisturizer and an anti-acne treatment.
Lecithin - Phospholipid found in egg yolks and the membranes of plant and animal cells.
It is widely used in cosmetics as an emollient and water-binding agent.
Lemon - A member of the citrus family, yielding small to medium sized yellow, sour
fruits. Lemon is a wonderful clarifier and skin lightener, and it's oil has antibacterial
properties. Also beneficial in treating oily skin.
Lemon Balm - A culinary herb widely found across Europe. In skincare and
aromatherapy, it is soothing and anti-inflammatory.
Lemongrass - An aromatic grass found largely in Asia. Used as a flavoring, it is also
beneficial in skincare as it contains antibacterial properties.
Licorice - Originally from Central Europe, the bark and root has been used through
centuries for health. In skincare, it treats acne, and has anti-inflammatory properties.
Lime - Of the citrus family, yielding small to medium-sized sour green fruit. In skincare,
it is a powerful clarifier, and has very high concentrations of fruit acids. It works well to
give skin a polished, smooth texture. Also beneficial in treating oily skin.
Linden Flower - Linden trees grow across the N. Hemisphere. In skincare, Linden is
used to treat dry, itchy and discomforted skin.
Linseed - Of the flax seed, it contains high levels of essential fatty acids.
Loofah - The dried part of a long, vine plant that is used as a natural exfoliator.
M
Macadamia Nut - Originally of Australia, the white nut is produced mostly for
consumption. Its oil is used in cosmetics as an emollient for dry skin.
Mandarin - Of the citrus family, the oil is used in aromatherapy to calm anxiety, tension,
nervousness and stress related disorders.
Mango Butter - Derived from the seed kernel of the Mango tree, very high in essential
fatty acids. It is used as an emollient in cosmetics.
Mannitol - Component of plants that has potent antioxidant properties.
Manuka - Derived from the New Zealand tea tree; the oil is similar to that of the
Australian tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia. Manuka oil has antifungal and antibacterial
properties.

9. Marshmallow - Originating in South and West Europe, the herb has been used for
centuries to treat bruises, muscle aches, sprains, burns, and inflammations.
Massoia - A tree found native to New Guinea, used traditionally as a warming ointment.
May Chang - Native to China, beneficial in skincare for oily, mature and inflamed skin.
In aromatherapy it is used to treat aches and pains.
Menthol - The essential compound in peppermint, use for its cooling effect on the skin.
Meyer Lemon - Originally of China, less sour than the common lemon. See Lemon.
Mica - Earth mineral used to give products sparkle and shine.
Mistletoe - A common tree parasite. In skincare can promote skin immunity.
Monoi Oil - A richly fragrant oil obtained when coconut oil is steeped with Tahitian
Gardenias. Extremely moisturizing and nourishing to the skin.
Mulberry - Native to Eastern China, the berry is similar to the common Blackberry. In
skincare, the extract can have some value in preventing melanin production.
Mushroom - The mushroom fungus is used to treat extreme redness, and is being
researched as a treatment for cancers.
Myrrh - The dried sap of a small, thorny tree. In skincare, it may have antifungal and
antibacterial properties.
N
NAPCA - A natural moisturizing factor that decreases with age. Added to skincare and
hair care products to improve softness.
Nectarine - A soft, summer tree fruit high in many vitamins and antioxidants.
Neem - A tree grown in many parts of India. Known to have potent healing, and anti-
fungal, anti-microbial properties.
Neroli - The blossom of the bitter orange tree, beneficial in soothing dry skin.
Nettle - A low growing herb, used in skincare for its anti-inflammatory properties. It is a
great source of iron when taken internally, particularly for pregnant and nursing mothers.
Nutmeg - the seed of the tree, native to Australia and SE. Asia. In aromatherapy, it is
used for its rejuvenating, uplifting, and energizing properties.
O
Oat Beta Glucan - Derived from the bran of the oat, nourishing to the skin.
Oatmeal - Contains anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory properties. A wonderful soother
for itchy, dry and irritated skin.
Olibanum - See Frankincense.
Olive Oil - The oil of the fruit of the olive tree, native to the Mediterranean. A potent
antioxidant, rich in polyphenols. A very rich, soothing and lightweight moisturizing oil,
used in serums, moisturizers and massage oils.
Orchid - An exotic flower mostly found in tropical forests around the world. Used in
skincare as a nourishing and moisturizing oil.
Oregano - An herb bush, originally grown in Italy and Greece. The oil is incredibly
antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral.
Oubaku - A Japanese tree, with potent antibacterial properties.
Oxybenzone - Sunscreen agent that protects primarily from the sun's UVB rays, and
some, but not all, UVA rays.
P
Palm Oil - Oil derived from the fruit of the palm tree, containing emollient and
antioxidant properties for skin.

10. Palmarosa - See Geranium.
Panthenol (Pro Vitamin B5) - Used in hair care to deliver shine. See Vitamin B.
Papaya - Believed to be native to the American tropics. Papaya contains the enzyme
papain, which has exfoliating properties when used in skincare.
Patchouli - A plant found primarily in the East and West Indies. In skincare, it is
beneficial in treating extremely dry skin.
Paw Paw - See Papaya
Peach Seed Oil - See Apricot Kernel Oil.
Pear - A late-summer tree fruit, rich in vitamins B and C and dietary fiber.
Peppermint - An ancient herb used for centuries as an overall health tonic. Peppermint is
used in skincare as an antibacterial, and can help soothe and relax muscles.
Peptide - Proteins are comprised of a long chain of amino acids, and individual portions
of proteins are known as peptides. In the body, peptides regulate the activity of many
systems.
Petitgrain - The orange tree leaf is used commonly in skincare as an astringent. In
aromatherapy, it is used to uplift and treat fatigue and stress.
Phenoxyethanol - Preservative commonly derived from rose. Does not release
formaldehyde, as many synthetic preservatives do.
Phospholipids - See Fatty Acid
Pine - The pine tree is native to the N. Hemisphere. In aromatherapy it is used for the
uplifting and disinfectant properties.
Pineapple - The spiny tropical fruit, which contains the enzyme bromelain. This enzyme
acts to exfoliate skin.
Pink Grapefruit - The large, slightly bitter citrus fruit is incredibly high in Vitamin C
and antioxidants. It is also rich in fruit acids, making it a strong source of Alpha Hydroxy
Acids.
Plantain - Low lying herb with wide, crevassed leaves. The juice is used to treat bruises
and heal open wounds.
Plum - A late summer tree fruit, which may have antioxidant activity when applied
topically.
Plumeria - See Frangipani.
Polyphenols - Powerful antioxidants found in most legumes, dark berries, bright
vegetables, red wine, green tea and olive oil.
Pomegranate - A small tree native to SW Asia, producing large red many-seeded fruit.
Since ancient times it has been consumed as an aphrodisiac, and is now touted as a
superfood. In skincare, it is used for the high levels of antioxidants.
Potassium Sorbate - A polyunsaturated fatty acid salt, used as a preservative.
Propolis - A bee product that is used by honeybees to construct the hive. It has
antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for skin.
Pumpkin - A gourd, famously carved into lanterns during N.American Halloween, the
pumpkin is loaded with natural fruit acids. It is high in antioxidants, and can be used to
promote radiant, smooth skin.
Q
Quassia - Of formerly Dutch Guyana, this tree is used medicinally for the bark. It is used
in shampoos to ward off lice.
R

11. Rapeseed - Also known as canola. Its nonfragrant oil has emollient and antioxidant
properties for skin.
Raspberry - A vibrant red bush berry, the Fruit extract that has potent antioxidant and
antibacterial properties.
Red Clover - A low growing herb, it is considered effective in treating eczema and
psoriasis. It can also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Rose - Named the flower of beauty, the rose has been used since recorded history in
cosmetics. There are more than 100 species. In skincare, it moisturizes, vitalizes, and
tones.
Rosehip Seed Oil - A wild rosebush now found mostly in Chile. The oil has incredible
antioxidant properties, and it has been shown to assist the skin heal wounds and reduce
scarring.
Rosemary - A flowering Mediterranean herb used both internally and externally. It is
rejuvenating and stimulating. It has antioxidant benefit for skin, and can also be used as a
preservative.
Rosewood - Originating n Brazil, this heavy used has been often used in making
instruments. The oil is soothing for dry, allergic, flaky and rashy skins.
S
Safflower Oil - An annual crop commonly used as cooking oil, highly antioxidant when
consumed. The oil is an emollient.
Sage - An herb native to the Mediterranean. In skincare it can be rejuvenating and
soothing, and a potent antioxidant.
Salicylic Acid - See Willow. Is a derivative of aspirin, and a very strong antidote for
acne. Also shown to be anti-inflammatory.
Sandalwood - A tree found in SE. Asia, Hawaii, Nepal and Australia. Sandalwood has
been used for over 4000 years, primarily as incense. In skincare, it provides treatment for
overactive sebaceous glands and can be beneficial in treating acne.
Saponified Oil - Oil that has been bound with alkali (sodium hydroxide) to create soap.
Sea Buckthorn - See Seaweed.
Sea Lettuce - See Seaweed.
Sea Salt - Of the sea, the evaporated water. Incredibly high in minerals, sea salt is used
dry/mixed with oil as a body scrub for exfoliation; as a bath soak, it is also helpful in
alleviating sore muscles due to colds or exercise.
Seaweed - Seaplants (Algae) of all sizes and shapes. Seaweed is known to provide
detoxification properties by absorbing toxins. Many types of seaweed have antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties.
Sesame - A flowering plant found across the Europe, Africa and Asia. The seeds provide
an emollient oil similar to other nonfragrant plant oils; the oil is a source of Vitamin E.
Shea Butter - From the Karite tree in Africa, Shea butter is tremendously nourishing to
the skin and hair. It also provides a natural sun protection factor.
Silica - See Horsetail.
Slippery Elm - Native to Eastern N.America. It is used traditionally as a medicine for
sore throats, and in skincare can be an anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory.
Soy - Native to Asia, this bean is rich in fatty acids and vitamin E, and readily absorbed
by the skin. The oil is extremely moisturizing.

12. Spearmint - Of the mint family, Spearmint is used as a tea, in cooking and in cosmetics.
It is wonderful in summer skincare, as it is cooling and reviving.
Spikenard - An ancient flowering plant that grows in India and the Himalayas. It has
antibacterial properties for skin, and is used in aromatherapy for tension, stress, migraine,
nervous indigestion and insomnia.
Spirulina - Super blue-green algae. See Algae.
St. John's Wort - An herb traditionally used in European folk medicine as an anti-
depressant. In skincare, it has potent antioxidant properties.
Strawberry - A low growing berry, powerfully high in antioxidants and vitamin C.
Sugar - Often of the sugar beet, sugar is an excellent exfoliant and natural AHA.
Sugar maple - A tree found on the Eastern seaboard of N.America. This tree produces
sweet syrup, commercially used to flavor confections. In skincare, it is moisturizing and
works as a natural AHA.
Sulfur - An element of the Earth, smelling similar to a bad egg. Sulfur's healing
properties are reputed throughout the ages, as it contains anti-microbial, anti-fungal and
antiseptic characteristics. It is very effective in the treatment of acne.
Super-Oxide Dismutase - Enzyme considered to be a potent antioxidant in humans.
Surfactant - Foaming agent used in cleansers
Sweet Almond Oil - See Almond.
T
Tangerine - A sweet, orange-like citrus fruit used for the oil in the peel. In skincare, it
can help to reduce stretch marks. In aromatherapy, it is used as a muscle relaxant, being
sedative and calming.
Tea - Used for centuries, Camellia Sinensis - including black, green, and white tea -
contains potent antioxidant as well as anti-carcinogenic properties. It is found across Asia
and Africa. Rooibos, a shrub found in Africa and unrelated to Camellia Sinensis, is
considered "red tea" and contains many antioxidants and minerals as well. A cosmetic
preparation using tea delivers antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties to
the skin.
Tea Tree - A shrub brush commonly found in Australia and some parts of New Zealand.
The oil in skincare can be a powerful warrior against the bacteria that cause blemishes.
Thyme - A culinary herb native to S. Europe, it possesses potent antioxidant properties.
In aromatherapy, it is cleansing and purifying.
Titanium oxide - Considered to be the safest of all sunscreens. It is an inert earth mineral
used as a thickening, whitening, lubricating, and sunscreen ingredient in cosmetics.
Turmeric - Plant source of a spice made from the dried, ground root; the extract is called
curcurmin. When used in skin care, it has potent antioxidant and skin-lightening
properties.
V
Vanilla - The vanilla bean is used to flavor food, drink and cosmetics. The plant is a
source of polyphenols, which are potent antioxidants activity and can be anti-
inflammatory.
Verbena - A small tree found throughout Europe. The lemony fragrance is used in
aromatherapy to energize and refresh.

13. Vetiver - A tall grass found in parts of Java, Haiti, Japan, Indonesia and South India.
Aside from the use in fragrances, Vetiver can be used to alleviate the inflammation of
acne, and excess oil production.
Vitamin A - Very high in beta-carotene, an amazing antioxidant, particularly as retinol
and retinal palmitate.
Vitamin B - Essential vitamin for stress, it helps skin retain moisture.
Vitamin C (Calcium Ascorbate) - A building block for healthy gums, teeth, skin and
bones. Considered a potent antioxidant for skin, helping to prevent the signs of aging.
Vitamin D - Essential for health, and a powerful antioxidant. Safe sun exposure is touted
as an important part of Vitamin D production in humans.
Vitamin E (Tocopherol Acetate) - A powerful biological antioxidant, and considered an
antioxidant superstar. Is used to help scars fade, and also as a natural preservative.
W
Wheatgrass - The leaf buds of the wheat plant provides powerful ingredients such as
chlorophyll, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and enzymes.
White Birch - An ancient tree of N. and Eastern European origin, known for the white
paper-like bark. The extract is known to have potent anti-inflammatory properties, and is
beneficial in the treatment of inflamed conditions such as acne.
Willow - The willow tree yields a natural form of Salicylic Acid (aspirin) in the bark.
The extract is anti-inflammatory, and is useful in reducing inflamed conditions such as
acne.
Wintergreen - A small shrub that is native to northeastern N.America. In aromatherapy,
the oil is similar to peppermint. It revives and can ease pains associated with fitness or
illness.
Witch Hazel - An herb traditionally used in N.American medicine as an anti-
inflammatory. It can also have potent antioxidant properties.
X
Xanthan Gum - Used as a thickening agent.
Y
Yarrow - An aromatic, perennial herb that grows in many forested areas. Yarrow is
considered to be a multi-use herb, and in skin care can act as an astringent. It may have
anti-inflammatory properties.
Yerba Mate - An herb used for the preparation of the most popular tea-like beverage of
S.America. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Ylang Ylang - A fragrant flowering plant grown in the tropical rainforests. It can help
normalize sebum production in oily skin types, and is considered an aphrodisiac. It is also
believed to lower blood pressure.
Yucca Extract - A plant grown in hot, dry climates, its juice is used as a soaping agent.
It is anti-inflammatory.
Z
Zinc Oxide - An Earth mineral, zinc is primarily used in cosmetics as a full-spectrum sun
protection factor. It can be a significant anti-irritant and antioxidant, and is useful in the
treatment of acne.