Brandon Davis is proposing research to improve the thermoelectric properties of lead telluride through strain engineering. He will fabricate nanoscale lead telluride devices using photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. These devices will allow him to apply tensile strain and measure the resulting changes in properties like thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity using Raman spectroscopy and other techniques. His goal is to increase the figure of merit zT through manipulating strain-induced changes in carrier mobility and phonon scattering.
CrSi2 materialisoutstandingbecauseofitsthermoelectricpropertiesandalsobecauseofitsmany
optimizationroutes.Indeed,itsthermalconductivityatroomtemperatureisabout9Wm1 K1 with
a ZT of 0.25.Inthispaperweproposetodecreasethethermalconductivitybynanostructurationand
compensatetheelectronscatteringbyincreasingthechargecarrierconcentrationwithTi.Theprocess
which permittedtogetnanocrystalliteofabout14nmispresented.Aftercoldpressingandsintering
the averagecrystallitesizereaches50nmwithaporosityof70%.Nanostructuringandporositytoa
lesser extentleadtoastrongdecreaseofthethermalconductivityupto0.970.15Wm1 K1 for pure
CrSi2. Asignificantenhancementofthepowerfactorfrom1:25 mWcm1 K2 for purenano-CrSi2 to
2:5 mWcm1 K2 for nano-Cr0.90Ti0.10Si2 was obtained.Thestabilityofthedifferentphasesisalso
evaluatedbycomparingexperimentswithabinitiocalculations.
This PPT gives introduction
to Dielectrics, Piezoelectrics & Ferroelectrics Materials, Methods and Applications. A quick glance at the dielectric phenomena, symmetry, classification, modelling, figures of merit and applications.
Comprehensive overview of the physics and applications of
ferroelectric
CrSi2 materialisoutstandingbecauseofitsthermoelectricpropertiesandalsobecauseofitsmany
optimizationroutes.Indeed,itsthermalconductivityatroomtemperatureisabout9Wm1 K1 with
a ZT of 0.25.Inthispaperweproposetodecreasethethermalconductivitybynanostructurationand
compensatetheelectronscatteringbyincreasingthechargecarrierconcentrationwithTi.Theprocess
which permittedtogetnanocrystalliteofabout14nmispresented.Aftercoldpressingandsintering
the averagecrystallitesizereaches50nmwithaporosityof70%.Nanostructuringandporositytoa
lesser extentleadtoastrongdecreaseofthethermalconductivityupto0.970.15Wm1 K1 for pure
CrSi2. Asignificantenhancementofthepowerfactorfrom1:25 mWcm1 K2 for purenano-CrSi2 to
2:5 mWcm1 K2 for nano-Cr0.90Ti0.10Si2 was obtained.Thestabilityofthedifferentphasesisalso
evaluatedbycomparingexperimentswithabinitiocalculations.
This PPT gives introduction
to Dielectrics, Piezoelectrics & Ferroelectrics Materials, Methods and Applications. A quick glance at the dielectric phenomena, symmetry, classification, modelling, figures of merit and applications.
Comprehensive overview of the physics and applications of
ferroelectric
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and UHV Scanning Tunneling MicroscopyRamkumar Niluroutu
This presentation gives the details of STM's history, working process, modes of operations and explanation of various components. UHV STM details also included in this presentation of its working process.
(If visualization is slow, please try downloading the file.)
Part 2 of a tutorial given in the Brazilian Physical Society meeting, ENFMC. Abstract: Density-functional theory (DFT) was developed 50 years ago, connecting fundamental quantum methods from early days of quantum mechanics to our days of computer-powered science. Today DFT is the most widely used method in electronic structure calculations. It helps moving forward materials sciences from a single atom to nanoclusters and biomolecules, connecting solid-state, quantum chemistry, atomic and molecular physics, biophysics and beyond. In this tutorial, I will try to clarify this pathway under a historical view, presenting the DFT pillars and its building blocks, namely, the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem, the Kohn-Sham scheme, the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). I would like to open the black box misconception of the method, and present a more pedagogical and solid perspective on DFT.
Use of conventional sources of energy to generate electricity is
increasing rapidly due to growing energy demands. This is a
major cause of pollution as well and also is an environmental
concern for future. Considering this, there is lot of R&D going on in the field of alternate energy sources with recent advancements in technology. One of the most recent advancement is the perovskite solar technology in the photovoltaics industry. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been improved from 9.7 to 20.1% within 4 years which is the fastest advancement ever in the photovoltaic industry. Such a high photovoltaic performance can be attributed to optically high absorption characteristics of the hybrid lead perovskite materials. In this review, different perovskite materials are breifly discussed along with the fundamental details of the hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. The fabrication techniques, stability, device structure and the chemistry of the perovskite structure are also briefly described aiming for a better understanding of these materials and thus highly efficient perovskite solar cell devices. The main focus of this resarch is to understand possible methods to reduce toxicity due to lead and to improve Perovskite stability.
3.Katalog (FISIKA SMK DAK 2015 ) ALAT PERAGA LABORATORIUM FISIKA SMK DAK TAHU...Redis Manik
3.Katalog (FISIKA SMK DAK 2015 ) ALAT PERAGA LABORATORIUM FISIKA SMK DAK TAHUN 2015 ,www.asakaprima.com,ALAT PERAGA SMK, DAK SMK 2015,Alat Peraga sma,dak sma 2015,produk dak sma 2015,dak smk 2015,dak sma 2015,alat lab ipa sma,alat lab kimia sma,laboratorium kimia sma,laboratorium kimia smk, bansos alat lab ipa sma, alat lab ipa sma, peralatan lab ipa sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga sma, alat peraga smk, jual alat peraga sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga kimia, alat peraga fisika, alat peraga biologi,
Juknis DAK SMA-smk 2015,DAK SMA 2015,,produk dak sma 2015,dak smk 2015,dak sma 2015,alat lab ipa sma,alat lab kimia sma,laboratorium kimia sma,laboratorium kimia smk, bansos alat lab ipa sma, alat lab ipa sma, peralatan lab ipa sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga sma, alat peraga smk, jual alat peraga sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga kimia, alat peraga fisika, alat peraga biologi,Rab alat kimia sma dak 2015, pagu@100juta,Alat Peraga sma,dak sma 2015
ALAT LAB BIOLOGI SMA BERBASIS IT DAK 2015 ~ Rab biologi berbasis it sma tahun 2015
Palestra plenária do XII Encontro da SBPMat (Campos do Jordão, setembro/outubro de 2013). Palestrante: Mercouri G Kanatzidis - Northwestern University e Argonne National Laboratory (EUA).
Perovskite Solar Cells
a short general overview presentation
hadi maghsoudi
device structure
crystal structure
preparation synthesis method
review papers
A perovskite solar cell is a type of solar cell which includes a perovskite structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic-inorganic lead or tin halide-based material, as the light-harvesting active layer.
This presentation summarizes history and recent development of perovskite solar cells. If you have any questions or comments, you can reach me at agassifeng@gmail.com
Carbon nanotubes and their economic feasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of carbon nanotubes is becoming better through developing new forms of carbon nanotubes, new methods of synthesis, and increasing the scale of production equipment. New forms of carbon nanotubes continue to be developed; new ones include carbon nanobuds, doped carbon nanotubes, and graphenated carbon nanotubes, each of which includes many variations. The large number of variations suggests that carbon nanotubes will likely experience improvements in performance and the number of applications will continue to grow.
Perovskites-based Solar Cells: The challenge of material choice for p-i-n per...Akinola Oyedele
Perovskite-based PV have triggered widespread interest in the scientific community because these materials offer the attractive combinations of low cost and theoretically high efficiency. However, several challenges must be overcome for these relatively new PV materials. Among the many important challenges, one is the choice of materials to be used in thin film PV devices..
Based on fundamental principles of solar photovoltaics, this problem focuses on two aspects of the perovskite system:
1) Based on a planar p-i-n device structure, a potential list of p- and n-type charge collecting layers as well as the conductive contacts that could be used with a promising perovskite absorber material was identified, and a proper justification for the selection of each material in the device was given.
2) Three theoretical p-i-n type solar cells were made with the chosen materials and appropriate conductive contacts.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and UHV Scanning Tunneling MicroscopyRamkumar Niluroutu
This presentation gives the details of STM's history, working process, modes of operations and explanation of various components. UHV STM details also included in this presentation of its working process.
(If visualization is slow, please try downloading the file.)
Part 2 of a tutorial given in the Brazilian Physical Society meeting, ENFMC. Abstract: Density-functional theory (DFT) was developed 50 years ago, connecting fundamental quantum methods from early days of quantum mechanics to our days of computer-powered science. Today DFT is the most widely used method in electronic structure calculations. It helps moving forward materials sciences from a single atom to nanoclusters and biomolecules, connecting solid-state, quantum chemistry, atomic and molecular physics, biophysics and beyond. In this tutorial, I will try to clarify this pathway under a historical view, presenting the DFT pillars and its building blocks, namely, the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem, the Kohn-Sham scheme, the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). I would like to open the black box misconception of the method, and present a more pedagogical and solid perspective on DFT.
Use of conventional sources of energy to generate electricity is
increasing rapidly due to growing energy demands. This is a
major cause of pollution as well and also is an environmental
concern for future. Considering this, there is lot of R&D going on in the field of alternate energy sources with recent advancements in technology. One of the most recent advancement is the perovskite solar technology in the photovoltaics industry. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been improved from 9.7 to 20.1% within 4 years which is the fastest advancement ever in the photovoltaic industry. Such a high photovoltaic performance can be attributed to optically high absorption characteristics of the hybrid lead perovskite materials. In this review, different perovskite materials are breifly discussed along with the fundamental details of the hybrid lead halide perovskite materials. The fabrication techniques, stability, device structure and the chemistry of the perovskite structure are also briefly described aiming for a better understanding of these materials and thus highly efficient perovskite solar cell devices. The main focus of this resarch is to understand possible methods to reduce toxicity due to lead and to improve Perovskite stability.
3.Katalog (FISIKA SMK DAK 2015 ) ALAT PERAGA LABORATORIUM FISIKA SMK DAK TAHU...Redis Manik
3.Katalog (FISIKA SMK DAK 2015 ) ALAT PERAGA LABORATORIUM FISIKA SMK DAK TAHUN 2015 ,www.asakaprima.com,ALAT PERAGA SMK, DAK SMK 2015,Alat Peraga sma,dak sma 2015,produk dak sma 2015,dak smk 2015,dak sma 2015,alat lab ipa sma,alat lab kimia sma,laboratorium kimia sma,laboratorium kimia smk, bansos alat lab ipa sma, alat lab ipa sma, peralatan lab ipa sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga sma, alat peraga smk, jual alat peraga sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga kimia, alat peraga fisika, alat peraga biologi,
Juknis DAK SMA-smk 2015,DAK SMA 2015,,produk dak sma 2015,dak smk 2015,dak sma 2015,alat lab ipa sma,alat lab kimia sma,laboratorium kimia sma,laboratorium kimia smk, bansos alat lab ipa sma, alat lab ipa sma, peralatan lab ipa sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga sma, alat peraga smk, jual alat peraga sma, alat peraga ipa, alat peraga kimia, alat peraga fisika, alat peraga biologi,Rab alat kimia sma dak 2015, pagu@100juta,Alat Peraga sma,dak sma 2015
ALAT LAB BIOLOGI SMA BERBASIS IT DAK 2015 ~ Rab biologi berbasis it sma tahun 2015
Palestra plenária do XII Encontro da SBPMat (Campos do Jordão, setembro/outubro de 2013). Palestrante: Mercouri G Kanatzidis - Northwestern University e Argonne National Laboratory (EUA).
Perovskite Solar Cells
a short general overview presentation
hadi maghsoudi
device structure
crystal structure
preparation synthesis method
review papers
A perovskite solar cell is a type of solar cell which includes a perovskite structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic-inorganic lead or tin halide-based material, as the light-harvesting active layer.
This presentation summarizes history and recent development of perovskite solar cells. If you have any questions or comments, you can reach me at agassifeng@gmail.com
Carbon nanotubes and their economic feasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of carbon nanotubes is becoming better through developing new forms of carbon nanotubes, new methods of synthesis, and increasing the scale of production equipment. New forms of carbon nanotubes continue to be developed; new ones include carbon nanobuds, doped carbon nanotubes, and graphenated carbon nanotubes, each of which includes many variations. The large number of variations suggests that carbon nanotubes will likely experience improvements in performance and the number of applications will continue to grow.
Perovskites-based Solar Cells: The challenge of material choice for p-i-n per...Akinola Oyedele
Perovskite-based PV have triggered widespread interest in the scientific community because these materials offer the attractive combinations of low cost and theoretically high efficiency. However, several challenges must be overcome for these relatively new PV materials. Among the many important challenges, one is the choice of materials to be used in thin film PV devices..
Based on fundamental principles of solar photovoltaics, this problem focuses on two aspects of the perovskite system:
1) Based on a planar p-i-n device structure, a potential list of p- and n-type charge collecting layers as well as the conductive contacts that could be used with a promising perovskite absorber material was identified, and a proper justification for the selection of each material in the device was given.
2) Three theoretical p-i-n type solar cells were made with the chosen materials and appropriate conductive contacts.
Touch ID Support.
Switch the volume and Power on/off buttons &Charging/Earphone slot using without removing the case.
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4 Ports USB Charger with 500W 4.2A, compatible with iPhone, HTC phones, Samsung Galaxy Tab, Samsung Galaxy Phone, Samsung Galaxy Note, Blackberry, MP3 players, Digital Camera, and other USB devices.
Line length: 1.5 meters;Output: 5V USB output: 5V1A *4/ 5V2A *2.
500W 1.5M patch board Outlet &4-Port Desktop USB Charger with PowerIQ Technology for Smart phones, Tablets and Many Other Devices
This presentation showcased first part of our work on graphene-based transistors as our final year project at NIT Patna under guidance of Prof.Wasim akram
A Review: Microwave Energy for materials processingijsrd.com
Microwave energy is a latest largest growing technique for material processing. This paper presents a review of microwave technologies used for material processing and its use for industrial applications. Advantages in using microwave energy for processing material include rapid heating, high heating efficiency, heating uniformity and clean energy. The microwave heating has various characteristics and due to which it has been become popular for heating low temperature applications to high temperature applications. In recent years this novel technique has been successfully utilized for the processing of metallic materials. Many researchers have reported microwave energy for sintering, joining and cladding of metallic materials. The aim of this paper is to show the use of microwave energy not only for non-metallic materials but also the metallic materials. The ability to process metals with microwave could assist in the manufacturing of high performance metal parts desired in many industries, for example in automotive and aeronautical industries.
1. Strain Engineering of Thermal
Transport in Nanocrystalline
Materials
Brandon N. Davis
PhD Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Oral Preliminary Exam
May 14, 2014
Advisor: Prof. Sandeep Kumar
Committee: Prof. Javier Garay, Prof. Masaru Rao, Prof. Lorenzo Mangolni
2. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Presentation Outline
• Background
– Part I: Thermoelectric Materials
– Part II: Strain Engineering
– Part III: Lead Telluride
• Proposed Research Plan
• Future Work
2
3. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Presentation Outline
• Objective
• Background
– Part I: Thermoelectric Materials
– Part II: Strain Engineering
– Part III: Lead Telluride
• Proposed Research Plan
• Future Work
3
4. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Background: Applications
• We can take advantage of the “Seebeck Effect”
and use the heat generated to create electrical
current
4
Example: Satellite Example: Car Exhaust
(1) http://www.spacetoday.org/
(2) http://www.gizmag.com/
5. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Background: Applications
• Thermoelectric Generators is an example of a
thermoelectric material exhibiting the “Seebeck
Effect”
5
• Using p and n type semiconductors
• Connected electrically in series thermally in
parallel
• Quiet, Reliable, Cheap, Durable
• Potential for heat reclamation in car
exhaust systems
• VERY INEFFICIENT
6. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Background: Thermoelectric Materials
6
Temperature
Gradient
Electrical
Potential
Materials that exhibit a
change in temperature
can create an electrical
potential
Materials that exhibit a
change in electrical
potential can generate a
temperature difference
Known as Seebeck
Effect
Known as Peltier
Effect
http://www.thermoelectrics.caltech.edu/
7. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Background: Seebeck Effect
7
http://www.thermoelectrics.caltech.edu/
Hot
Cold
NP
• Discovered by Thomas Seebeck in 1821
• Hot and Cold side
• Electron build up causes electric potential
• Voltage drop is the result
Holes Electrons
8. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
• Thermal Efficiency equation describes the
maximum efficiency of thermoelectric materials
Background: Thermal Efficiency
8
𝑧𝑇 =
𝑆2
𝜎𝑇
𝑘
S – Seebeck coefficient (add units)
σ– Electric conductivity (add units)
T – Absolute temperature
k – Thermal conductivity
zT – Figure of merit
• Part of my goal is to increase
the zT of a material
• Typical zT <1
G. Jeffrey Snyder et. Al. :complex thermoelectric materials. Nature publishing group February
2008
9. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Background: Thermal Transport
• Our goal is to optimize the properties of
thermoelectric materials by specifically
improving the thermal transport of the material
9
PbTe
Strategies to improve the
Figure of Merit (zT)
New Material Design
Nanostructuring/ Interface
Engineering
Alloying Nanoinclusions
Nanocrystalline grain structure
Heterostructures
10. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Presentation Outline
• Objective
• Background
– Part I: Thermoelectric Materials
– Part II: Strain Engineering
– Part III: Lead Telluride
• Proposed Research Plan
• Future Work
10
11. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Background: Strain Engineering
• Strain engineering is a technique used to improve the
performance of materials
• Using strain engineering to improve the performance of
the thermoelectric material, PbTe
11
Strain Engineering can be used for and applied to:
• Influence the properties of a
material
• Tune to specific parameters
• Effect the carrier mobility and
band gap of materials
• Nanocrystalline &
Nanostructured Materials
• Semiconductors
• Thermoelectrics
12. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Background: Current Methods
• Current method of strain engineering
12
Tension
Compression
Compression
Tension
Lattice match
Dislocation +
Defect Trap
Relaxation
Lattice Mismatch
EpilayerSubstrate
13. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Background: Four Key of Strain Engineering
• The implementation of strain engineering can be
classified by four processes
13
This process will be further outlined and applied to our proposed process
Ju Li et. al. “Elastic strain engineering for unprecedented materials properties”
Materials research Socciety February 2014 vol 39
Synthesizing
Load Bearing
Nanostructures
Applying Force
to the Material
Measuring
Strain
Prediction of
Strain Effect
14. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Background: Characterizing Strain Engineering
• Relating strain engineering to the figure of merit (zT)
14
Small Grain
𝒛𝑻 =
𝑺 𝟐 𝝈𝑻
𝒌
Electric Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity
Phonon
Large Grain
Electron
15. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Presentation Outline
• Objective
• Background
– Part I: Thermoelectric Materials
– Part II: Strain Engineering
– Part III: Lead Telluride
• Proposed Research Plan
• Future Work
15
16. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Background: Lead Telluride
16
• Narrow gap material
• Rock Salt Structure (NaCl)
• Is optimum for mid-temperature application
• Operates in the temperature range of 500k-
900 K
• Has shown to have a maximum zT of 2
1. http://www.webelements.com/
2. Y. Q Cao et. al. “Low thermal conductivity and improved figure of merit in fine-grain binary PbTe
thermoeletric alloys
17. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Presentation Outline
• Objective
• Background
– Part I: Thermoelectric Materials
– Part II: Strain Engineering
– Part III: Lead Telluride
• Proposed Research Plan
• Future Work
17
18. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Nanofab : Photolithography and Sputtering
18
Synthesizing
Load Bearing
Nanostructures
Applying Force
to the Material
Measuring
Strain
Prediction of
Strain Effect
19. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Proposed Research: Nanofab Process
19
Step 1:
Create Mask
Design
Step 2:
Use photolithography
to transfer pattern
(frontside and
backside)
Step 3:
DRIE Etch
Step 4:
Hydro Fluoric (HF)
Vapor Etch
Specimen and MEMS
Device Ready for
Experimentation and
Analysis
20. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Nanofab: Mask
• L-edit Mask Design
20
Backside Alignment
MEMS Device
Mask with MEMS Device
21. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Nanofab: Process Flow
21
Photo Resist Substrate PbTeSilicon Oxide
MASK
MASK
Deep Reactive
Ion Etching
22. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Nanofab: MEMS Device and Experiment
22
Synthesizing
Load Bearing
Nanostructures
Applying Force
to the Material
Measuring
Strain
Prediction of
Strain Effect
25. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Experiment and Analysis
25
Synthesizing
Load Bearing
Nanostructures
Applying Force
to the Material
Measuring
Strain
Prediction of
Strain Effect
26. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Raman Spectroscopy
26
• A laser is focused on to the sample
• This excites and scatters the
phonons across the material
• Raman light reflected and collected
• Measure the total phonon
scattering to understand thermal
conductivity and strain being
applied
http://chemie.uni-paderborn.de/
27. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Prediction of Strain
27
Synthesizing
Load Bearing
Nanostructures
Applying Force
to the Material
Measuring
Strain
Prediction of
Strain Effect
28. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Presentation Outline
• Objective
• Background
– Part I: Thermoelectric Materials
– Part II: Strain Engineering
– Part III: Lead Telluride
• Proposed Research Plan
• Future Work
28
29. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Future Work
• 3 omega method to measure the eletrical
conductivity
• Use 4 probe method to measure the thermal
conductivity
29
30. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Proposed Research Timeline
30
2013-14 2014-15 2015-2016 2016-2017
Su Fa W Spr Su fa w Spr Su Fa W Spr Su Fa W Spr
Phase
1
Phase2
phase3
31. Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
Acknowledgements
• Nanomechanics and Multiphysics Lab
– Principal Investigator Prof. Sandeep Kumar
– Mr. Devil Garcia
• Nanofabrication Facility @ UCR & UCSD
– Mr. Mark Heiden
– Mr. Dexter Humphrey
– Other names from UCSD
• Oral Prelim Committee
– Principal Investigaor Prof. Sandeep Kumar
– Prof. Lorenzo Mangolini
– Prof. Javier E. Garay (double check middle initial)
– Prof. Masaru P. Rao
31
GEM Fellowship
Award Year 2014
Do these examples apply to the seedbeck effect or the peltier effect? If they don’t apply to the seedbeck effect, remove them and add appropriate example
Voltage gradient, high concentration of charge carriers not density, look into definition of hole
Explain where you are getting this concept from, and the different types of processes