Battery.PPT
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A battery is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by means of oxidation-reduction reactions between the anode and cathode. It consists of an anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator. During discharge, the anode reaction is an oxidation that releases electrons while the cathode reaction is a reduction that consumes electrons conducted through the electrolyte. Batteries can be primary (non-rechargeable) or secondary (rechargeable) and are classified and selected based on their components, reactions, voltage, and applications.
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2019 PATTERN.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsRecently uploaded (20)
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
Battery.PPT
- 1. BATTERY is an electrochemical device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy, or in other words it stores electrical energy in the form of chemical energy WHAT IS A BATTERY? CELL COMPONENTS IN A BATTERY SYSTEM Anode Cathode Electrolyte Separator
- 3. ANODE REACTION is an oxidation reaction which releases electrons. CELL REACTIONS IN A BATTERY SYSTEM CATHODE REACTION is a reduction reaction which consumes electrons. ELECTROLYTE is an ion-conducting medium which conducts the ions between the electrodes so that the above reactions can take place.
- 5. 1. PRIMARY BATTERY LECLANCHE CELLS (Zn/C) Popular and low-cost system Applications: Torch light, portable radios, toys, novelties, etc. Mg/MnO2 CELLS High capacity primary battery Applications: Military communication equipment, voting machines, etc. * Non-rechargeable (cell reactions are irreversible) * Self-discharges whether used or not CLASSIFICATION OF BATTERIES
- 6. - RESERVE BATTERY Mg/Cu2Cl2, Mg/AgCl (sea water activated battery) Applications: Torpedoes, Sea beacons (Mainly in Meteorology and Defence fields) Li/FeS2 (Thermally activated battery) Applications: Missile application - One of the cell components, usually the electrolyte, is kept isolated from the rest and is added at the time of use
- 7. 2. SECONDARY BATTERY Lead-Acid Battery Nickel-Cadmium Battery Nickel-Iron Battery Nickel-Metal hydride Battery Lithium Secondary Battery Lithium-Ion battery Rechargeable (cell reactions are reversible)
- 8. LEAD-ACID BATTERY ANODE : Pb CATHODE : PbO2 ELECTROLYTE : H2SO4 CELL VOLTAGE : 2.0 V APPLICATIONS: AUTOMOTIVE STARTING--LIGHTING--IGNITION (SLI), ELECTRIC VEHICLES, EMERGENCY POWER UTILITIES, PORTABLE TOOLS, INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS, ETC.
- 9. ANODE : Cd CATHODE : NiOOH ELECTROLYTE : KOH CELL VOLTAGE : 1.2 V APPLICATIONS: AIRCRAFT BATTERIES, COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT, MEMORY BACKUP, PHOTOGRAPHY EQUIPMENT, ETC. NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERY
- 10. NICKEL-METALHYDRIDE BATTERY ANODE : MH CATHODE : NiOOH ELECTROLYTE : KOH CELL VOLTAGE : 1.2 V APPLICATIONS: CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, PORTABLE DEVICES, ETC. NICKEL-IRON BATTERY ANODE : Fe CATHODE : NiOOH ELECTROLYTE : KOH CELL VOLTAGE : 1.2 V APPLICATIONS: RAILWAY SIGNALING, STATIONARY POWER SUPPLY, ETC.
- 11. LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY ANODE : Li METAL CATHODE : LiCoO2 ELECTROLYTE : LiPF6 in EC:PC CELL VOLTAGE : 4 V APPLICATIONS: ELECTRIC VEHICLES, PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES, ETC.
- 12. 12 During electroplating … (Electrochemistry involved) At the anode… 1. Metal dissolution (soluble anode) 2. Oxygen evolution (insoluble anode) At the cathode … 1. Metal deposition & 2. hydrogen evolution MLx (x-z) Mz+ + xL- Mz+ + ze M Phenomena Metal ion discharge Electrocyrstallization
- 13. 13 Metal distribution relationships in electrodeposition System components • Tank • Electrodes • Solution composition • Process conditions • current Factors influencing metal distribution • Geometric • Electrochemical • incidental Electrodeposit Metal distribution Composition Structure Properties
- 14. 14 Interdisciplinary nature of electrodeposition Discipline • Electrochemistry • Electrochemical Engineering • Surface science • Solid state physics • Metallurgy and materials science • Electronics Involvement • Electrode processes • Transport phenomena • Analytical tools • Use of quantum mechanical solid state concepts to study electrode processes • Properties of deposits • Modern instrumentation
- 15. 15 Important criteria when selecting coatings Coating Substrate Hydrogen embrittlement Diffusion Adhesion Stress Porosity Additives Structure Properties Wear Corrosion