The document discusses different types of batteries. It describes the zinc-carbon cell, which has a zinc negative electrode, manganese dioxide positive electrode, and ammonium chloride electrolyte. It provides 1.5V and is commonly used in devices like flashlights. The document also describes the nickel-cadmium cell, which has nickel and cadmium electrodes and a potassium hydroxide electrolyte. It supplies 1.2V and high currents, and must be recharged with a constant current supply due to its low internal resistance. The document explains how battery chargers work to recharge secondary cells by driving a current through the battery in the opposite direction of its normal output.

1. BATTERIES
Image taken of http://www.ticbeat.com/innovacion/desarrollan-baterias-electricas-se-
autoreparan/
Nelson Andrés Castro Reina 1562420

2. Zinc Carbon Cell
It has a zinc negative electrode, a manganese dioxide positive
electrode, and the electrolyte is a solution of ammonium chloride.
The carbón rod is in contact with the positive electrode (but is not
involved in the chemical reaction) and is called the current
collector. The EMF is 1,5 V and the internal esistance about 0,5
ohm. This is the most popular cell for low-current or ocassional
use, e.g in torches.
Image taken to
http://row.maxell.eu/es/products/maxell-paquetes-termocontra
%C3%ADbles-de-pilas-de-zinc-r6-2pk-shrink-480.aspx

3. Nickel-cadmium cell (NiCad)
The electrodes are of nickel (+) and cadmium (-)
and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide. It has
an EMF of 1,2V and is made in the same sizes as
primary cells, e.g HP2, PP3; button types are also
available. High currents can be supplied.
Recharging must be by a constant current power
supply because of the very low internal resistance.
Image taken to http://eliseosebastian.com/como-se-diferencian-las-baterias-solares-del-resto/

4. Text 2
●
The power of drive an electronic circuit is normally provided by an
AC mains power supply but batteries are often used for portable
equipment. Secondary cells can be recharged to their original
voltage and can therefore be used many times over.
●
Recharging is done using a battery charger which consists of a
mains power supply with a DC output slightly larger than be
required battery EMF. A current is driven throught the battery in the
opposite direction to its normal output current. The block diagram
of a battery charger is shown in fig 1

5. ●
The first stage consists of a transformer which steps
down the voltage of the AC mains (see fig 2)
●
●
●
●

6. ●
The charge is switched on and off by a double-`pole switch
connected in series with the mains input. A neon lamp, connected
across the primary of the transformer, shows when the charger is
on. A fuse is connected i the live side of the supply to protect the
transformer.
●
The second stage is a bridge rectifier which converts the AC
voltage to a DC voltage (see fig 3).
●
●
●

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OVtk6G2TnQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lt6oKRQqoSc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RW1Xugey8j0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eU9DrBYKzlg

8. EXERCISES APPROACH
Image taken to http://www.ferrovicmar.com/herramientas-electricas-textos.asp?texto=baterias-herramientas-
electricas

9. Task 5
Label this diagram of a Zinc-Carbon cell with these terms. More
that one term can refer to the same part of the diagram.
A. Zinc can
B. Current collector
C. Jacket
D. Carbon rod
E. Positive electrode
F. Electrolyte
G.
H.

10. Development
1. Positive electrode, carbón rod and current collector
2. Positive electrode.
3. Zinc can
4. Electrolyte

11. Task 6
Here are some some circuits symbols. Label them and describe
their function. For example
5-h Its called a transformer. It steps AC voltajes up or down.
The list of functions may help you.
A. Varies capacitance in a circuit.
B. Rectifies alternating current
C. Adds resistance to a circuit.
D. Measures very small currents
E. Breaks a circuit

12. F. Protects a circuit
G. Varies the current in a circuit
H. Steps AC voltajes up or down
I. Receives RF signals
II. J. Measure voltajes.

13. ●
●
●It’s Called a resistor: It protects a circut
●
●
●It’s Called voltimeter. It measures voltages.
●
●
●It’s Called potentiometer, it varies the current in a
circuit
●
●
●It’s Called Capacitor, It Varies capacitance in a circuit
●
●
●It’s Called a transformer. It sleps AC voltajes up or
down.
●
●
●It’s Called Fuse, its protects a circuit.
●
●
●
●It’s called interruptor. It breaks a circuit
●
●
●It’s called miliamperimeter. It measures very smalls
currnts
●It’s Called diode. It rectifics alternating current (AC)
●
●It’s called aerial. It receives RF signals
●

14. TABLES EXERCISES
Image taken to http://www.electric-vehiclenews.com/2010/06/lithium-air-
batteries-take-step-towards.html

15. Task 2
●
Try to complete this table of the differences between
two kinds of cells. Use these terms
●
Secondary
●
Manganese dioxide
●
Cadmium
●
Primary
●
Nickel
●
Zinc
●
Portable phones
●
Torches

16. Development

17. Image taken to
http://ganaderiayagro.blogspot.com.co/2013_09_08_archive.html
DEEPENING EXERCICES

18. Study this statement:
“ Twenty million batteries are sold every year”
Why do you think this is so? What different kinds
of batteries are there? List some of the things you
use which contains batteries.

19. Development
Batteries are present in all electronic devices we
use in everyday life and their use is constant. For
these reasons is big business the battery market.
The types of batteries that have heard are the Li-
ion, nickel-cadmium, and zinc batteries. Batteries
are present in remote controls for televisions,
video game consoles, air conditioning, etc. Also
we can find in our cell phones, cameras,
camcorders, music players, laptops, watches,
musical instruments, and many more objects.

20. Image taken to
http://guia3sistemas.blogspot.com.co/2015/02/acomuladorbateria-
cuando-se-unen.html
APPLICATIONS BATTERIES

21. Supplies power to portable or mobile systems
without requiring a system of power generation
and transformation, stands in the generation of
electricity by chemical means batteries. For
example: The radio, stereos, batteries for cars,
motorcycles, robots, laptops, cell phones etc.
Taken to http://www.monografias.com/trabajos82/informe-baterias-pilas-dinamos/informe-
baterias-pilas-dinamos.shtml

22. LINKS
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity)
2. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech
3. http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/
4. http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/
5.

23. Note: The images of the slide 13 ware taken to
http://www.simbologia-electronica.com/simbologia-ele
Thank you very much o the English guide about
batteries since most of the information was here.