Warming up prepares the body for exercise through slow, dynamic movements and stretches. A general warm up lasts 5-10 minutes, while a sport-specific warm up is 8-12 minutes and mimics the skills to be performed. Cooling down brings the heart rate down through light activity and flexibility exercises within 5-10 minutes of ending exercise. Stretching should involve static stretches held for 30 seconds and dynamic stretches mimicking the sport's movements to increase range of motion and flexibility while decreasing injury risk.