This document provides guidance on summarizing texts. It explains that a summary captures the essential ideas and key points while avoiding opinions, background knowledge, and personal information. The document outlines several guidelines for summarizing, including clarifying the purpose, understanding the text, identifying and underlining key ideas, writing ideas in bullet points, combining sentences into paragraphs, and ensuring accuracy by comparing to the original. It also discusses different formats for summaries such as including the idea before or after a citation and different heading styles that place the idea before the date or author. The document concludes by explaining the importance of using accurate reporting verbs when discussing another's work.

2. Activity: Question???
When readers summarize,
What will they capture
in the text?

3. Summarize
what this
painting is
about.The Harvesters by Pieter Bruegel

4. Summaries are not a place for…
 Opinions
 Background knowledge
 Personal information

5. WHAT IS SUMMARIZING?
-IS USED TO DETERMINE THE ESSENTIAL IDEAS IN A BOOK,
ARTICLE, BOOK CHAPTER, AN ARTICLES OR PARTS OF THE
ARTICLE
Summarizing is an important skill because it helps
you:
 Deepen your understanding of the text
 Learn to identify relevant information or key
ideas
 Combine details or examples that support main
idea/s
 Concentrate on the gist or main idea and key
words presented in the text
 Capture the key ideas in the text and put them
together clearly and concisely

6. WHAT IS NOT SUMMARIZING?

7. GUIDELINES IN SUMMARIZING
 Clarify your purpose before you read.
 Read the text and understand the meaning.
 Select and underline or circle the key ideas and phrases while reading.
 Write key ideas in a bullet form.
 Identify the connections of the ideas or phrases using a concept map.
 List your ideas in sentence form in a concept.
 Combine a sentence into a paragraph.
 Ensure that you do not copy a single sentence from the original text.
 Refrain from adding comments about the text.
 Edit the draft of your summary by eliminating redundancy
 Compare your output with the original text to ensure accuracy.
 Record the details of the original source (authors name, date of
publication, title, publisher, place of publishing, and URL).
 Format your summary properly.

8. FORMATS IN SUMMARIZING
1. Idea Heading Format
- In this format the summarized idea comes
before the citation.
Ex. Benchmarking is a useful strategy that has a
potential to help public officials improve the
performance of local services( Folz, 2004;
Ammons, 2001). Once the practice of a particular
city is benchmarked, it can be a guidepost and the
basis for the other counterparts to improve its own

9. 2. Author Heading Format
- In this format, the summarize idea comes after the citation. The author’s
name/s is/are connected by an appropriate reporting verb.
3. Date Heading Format
-in this format the summarized idea comes after the date when the material
was published.
Ex. The considerate number of users of the FB for communicating with their students (Grant,
2008; as cited in Donmus, 2010). The study of Kabilan, Ahmad, and Abidin (2010) shows
that the students percieved FB as an online environment to expedite language learning
specifically English. Donmus (2010) asserts that educational games on FB fecundate learning
process and make students’ learning environment more engaging. As regards literacy, this
notion reveals that FB could be used as a tool to aid individuals execute range of social acts
through social literacy implementation (ibid). Blackstone and Hardwood (2012) suggest the
facilitative strength of FB as it elicits greater engagement on the collaboration among
students.
Ex. On the other hand, active participation of the citizens in the development
contributes to a sound and reasonable government decisions. In their 2004 study
on the impact of participatory development approach, Irvin and Stanbury
argue that participation can be valuable to the participants and the government
in terms of the process and outcomes of decision making.

10. USING REPORTING VERBS WHEN SUMMARIZING
A reporting is a word used to discuss another
person’s writings and assertions.
Having a syntactically correct sentence is not
enough to create meaning. As Noam Chomsky
pointed out, a sentence can be a ‘perfect in terms
of syntax and still not make sense. He showed this
by coming up with the famous sentence, “
Colourless green ideas sleep furiously” (Chomsky,
1957).

11. HYLAND (1999) LISTS A FREQUENCY OF REPORTING
VERBS USED ACCORDING TO DISCIPLINE
Disciplin
e
Reporting verbs from left to right, most common to least common.
Biology Describ
e
Find Report Show Suggest Observ
e
Marketing Suggest Argue Find Demonstrate Propose Show
Linguistic
s
Suggest Argue Show Explain Find Point
out
Sociology Argue Suggest Describe Note Analyze Discus
s
Philosoph
y
Say Suggest Argue Claim Point
out
Hold Think
Overall Suggest Argue Find Show Describ
e
Propos
e
Report

12. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!!!!