1. BASICS OF ROBOTICS
BMIT - JAIPUR
SUBMITTED BY:
Chitransh Saxena
BRANCH :- ECE
ID :- S10EC012
SUBMITTED TO:
MUKESH JAKHAR
ECE DEPARTMENT

2. What Is “Robotics” ?
The word robotics define a field in engineering
that covers the mimicking of various human
characteristics
 Robotics includes the knowledge of
Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical & Computer
Science Engineering.
 It finds it’s uses in all aspects of our life

3. What A Robot Can Mean ?
 An automatic industrial machine replacing the
human in hazardous work
 An automatic mobile sweeper machine at a
modern home
 An automatic toy car for a child to play with
 A machine removing mines in a war field all by
itself and many more…

4. Locomotion System
 As the name suggests a mobile robot must
have a system to make it move
 This system gives our machine the ability to
move forward, backward and take turns
 It may also provide for climbing up and down

5. Locomotion System
 The concept of locomotion invariably needs
rotational motion e.g. a wheel driven by some
power source
 This involves conversion of electrical energy
into mechanical energy, which we can easily
achieve using electrical motors
 The issue is to control these motors to give the
required speed and torque

6. Wheeled Locomotion Systems
 Differential drive
 Ackerman drive (Car type)
 Articulated drive
 Synchronous drive
 Pivot drive

7. Differential Drive
 This is the most commonly used form of
locomotion system used in mobile robots as it’s
the simplest and easiest to implement
 It has a free moving wheel in the front
accompanied with a left and right wheel.The
two wheels are separately powered
 When the wheels move in the same direction
the machine moves in that direction. Turning is
achieved by making the wheels oppose each
other’s motion.

8. Differential Drive Cont…
 Black arrows denote the direction of wheel. The green
ones show robot movement

9. Ackerman Drive
 This is the car type drive and the most
common in real world but not in robot world
 It is characterized by a pair of driving wheels
and a separate pair of steering wheels

10. Ackerman Drive Cont…
 The car type
doesn’t need any
more of explanation
 The tricycle is a
close cousin of the
car type drive
system

11. Articulated Drive
 In this mechanism the machine chassis (body)
is deformed to achieve rotation in contrast to
the steering wheels in car type drive

12. Articulated Drive Cont…
 Two actuators (motors) are needed. One to
drive the wheels and the other to change the
pivot angle
 This system shares most of it’s features with
the car type mechanism

13. Synchronous Drive
 As the name suggests, it uses synchronous
rotation of its wheels to achieve motion & turns
 It is made up of a system of motors. One set of
which drive the wheels and the other set turns
the wheels in a synchronous fashion
 The two sets can be directly mechanically
coupled as they always move in the same
direction with same speed

14. Synchronous Drive Cont…
 The direction of motion is given by black arrow.
The alignment of the machine is shown by
green arrow

15. Pivot Drive
 The most unique type of Locomotion system
 It is composed of a four wheeled chassis and a
platform that can be raised or lowered

16. Pivot Drive Cont…
 The wheels are driven by a motor for motion in
a straight line
 For rotation one motor is needed to lower/raise
the platform & another to rotate the chassis
around the platform
 This system can guarantee perfect straight line
motion as well as accurate in – place turns to a
desired heading

17. FUTURE PROSPECTS
•Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will
exist by 2019 .
•Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may
come when computers and robots are smarter than
humans.
•In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of semi-
autonomy, including being able to find power sources
on their own.
•The Association for the Advancement of Artificial
Intelligence has researched on this problem.

18. CONCLUSION
Today we find most robots working for people in
industries, factories, warehouses, and laboratories. Robots
are useful in many ways. Robots can do jobs better and
faster than humans can, e.g. robot can built, assemble a
car. Yet robots cannot perform every job; today robots
roles include assisting research and industry. Finally, as
the technology improves, there will be new ways to use
robots which will bring new hopes and new potentials.

19. THANK YOU..
ANY QUERIES..