This document provides an introduction to robotics and the future of robotics in Bangladesh. It discusses the history and principles of robotics, types of robots, components of robots, applications of robots, and the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission's plans to build in-house robots and establish a robotics research community to minimize foreign dependency in automation. The document aims to educate about robotics and its potential role in Bangladesh.

1. Introduction to Robotics and
Future of Robotics in
perspective of Bangladesh.
Md. Mahbub Alam
Scientific Officer
Institute of Electronics
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
AERE, Savar, Dhaka.
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

2. Outline
• Introduction
• History of Robotics
• Principles of Robotics
• Types of Robots
• The Robot Control Loop
• Components of Robots
• Primary Vendors & Robot Programming
• Purpose & Applications of Robots
• Disadvantages
• Prospects of Robotics in Bangladesh
• Future Plan of BAEC regarding Robotics
• Further Study on Robotics
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

3. Introduction
Robotics is a interdisciplinary branch of engineering that includes-
mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer
science and others.
As broader category it overlaps with-
electronics, computer programming, artificial intelligence,
mechatronics, nanotechnology and bioengineering.
• Mechanical Engineering – concerned primarily with manipulator/mobile
robot design, kinematics, dynamics, compliance and actuation.
• Electrical Engineering – concerned primarily with robot actuation,
electronic interfacing to computers and sensors, and control algorithms.
• Computer Science – concerned primarily with robot programming,
planning, and intelligent behavior.
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

4. Formal definition
A reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move
materials, parts, tools or specialized devices through various
programmed motions for the performance of variety of tasks.
---- Robot Institute of America (RIA)
A reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move
materials, parts, tools or specialized devices through various
programmed motions for the performance of variety of tasks.
---- Robot Institute of America (RIA)
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

5. History of Robotics
Timeline Significance Robot Name Inventor
420 A wooden, steam propelled bird, which was
able to fly
Flying pigeon Archytas of Tarentum
1206 Created early humanoid automata,
programmable automaton band
Robot band, hand-washing
automaton, automated
moving peacocks
Al-Jazari
He is best known for
writing The Book of
Knowledge of
Ingenious Mechanical
Devices
1495 Designs for a humanoid robot Mechanical Knight Leonardo da Vinci
1738 Mechanical duck that was able to eat, flap its
wings, and excrete
Digesting Duck Jacques de
Vaucanson
1898 Nikola Tesla demonstrates first radio-controlled
vessel.
Tele automaton
Nikola Tesla
1921 First fictional automatons called "robots"
appear in the play R.U.R.
Rossum's Universal Robots Karel Čapek
1961 First installed industrial robot. Unimate George DevolMd. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

6. Principles of Robotics
In 1940 Isaac Asimov , an American writer and professor of
biochemistry at Boston University proposed three principles of
Robotics.
1. Robots must never harm human beings.
2. Robots must follow instructions from humans without violating rule
1.
3. Robots must protect themselves without violating the other rules.
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

7. Types of Robots
• Industrial Robots
- Material Handling
- Welding
- Inspection
- Laboratory Application
• Military Robots
- Robots are being introduced in
different self destructing missions.
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

8. Types of Robots(Continued)
• Mobile Robots
- Robots that move around on legs, tracks
or wheels. Eg- In 1979 a nuclear accident
in the USA caused a leak of radioactive
material which led to production of special
robot –which can handle the radioactive materials
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

9. Types of Robots(Continued)
• Educational robots
- Robotic kits are used extensively
in education.
• Domestic Robots
- These are designed to perform
household tasks and modern toys
which are programmed to do things
like talking, walking, dancing etc.
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

10. The Robot Control Loop
SENSE THINK
ACT
Speech
Vision
Acceleration
Temperature
Position
Distance
Touch
Force
Light
Sound
Position sense
Task Planning
Plan Classification
Learn
Process Data
Path Planning
Motion Planning
Output Information
Move
Text
Visuals
Speech
Wheels legs
ArmsMd. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

11. Some Components of Robots
• Power Source
- Pneumatic (Compressed Gas)
- Solar Power (Using sun’s energy)
- Hydraulics (Liquids)
- Batteries (Lead- Acid/ Silver- Cadmium)
- Nuclear
• Actuator
- Actuators are muscles of the robot that converts stored energy into
movement.
• Electric Motors
- Industrial robots and CNC (Computer Numerical control) machines
usually use AC motors and portable robots use DC motors.
• Sensors
- Sensors allow robot to receive information about a certain measurement
of the environment. Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

12. Some Components of Robots (Continued)
• Vision
- Computer vision is the technology of machines that see. It is
concerned with the theory behind artificial systems that extract
information from images.
• Locomotion
- Locomotion is the process for robots to transport themselves
from place to place. Ex: Wheels.
• Speech Recognition
- Interpreting the continuous flow of sounds coming from human
in real time.
Currently the best algorithm can detect 160 words per minute with 95%
accuracy.
• Robotic Voice
- Allowing robot to use voice for interacting with humans.
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

13. Primary Vendors
• Fanuc (Japan)
• ABB (Sweden, US)
• Panasonic (Japan)
• Mitsubishi (Japan)
• Kuka (Germany)
• Adept (US)
• Seiko (Japan)
• Motoman (Japan)
Typical Costs: $20K - $80K
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

14. Robot Programming
• KRL (Kuka)
• RAPID (ABB)
• RAIL (High level robot language based on PASCAL)
• AML (A Manufacturing Language)
• KAREL (Fanuc)
• VAL II (Variable Assembly Language)
• C
• LISP (List Processing)
• Python
• Prolog
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

15. Purpose of Robots
• Dangerous tasks
• Repetitive tasks
Jobs that are dangerous for humans
Decontaminating Robot
Cleaning the main circulating pump
housing in the nuclear power plant
Repetitive jobs that are boring,
stressful, or labor-intensive for
humans
Welding Robot
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

16. Purpose of Robots (Continued)
• Dirty tasks
• Assisting the handicapped
Manual tasks that human don’t want
to do
The SCRUBMATE
Robot
Impossible things become possible
Artificial Hands or Legs
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

17. Robotic Applications
• EXPLORATION-
– Space Missions
– Robots in the Antarctic
– Exploring Volcanoes
– Underwater Exploration
• MEDICAL SCIENCE
– Surgical assistant
• ASSEMBLY
- Factories Parts
- Handling
- Assembly
- Painting
- Surveillance
- Security (bomb disposal , etc )
- Home help (grass cutting, nursing)
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

18. Disadvantages
• Replacement of human labor
• Greater unemployment
• Significant retraining costs for both unemployed and
users of new technology
• Advertised technology does not always disclose some of
the hidden disadvantages
• Hidden costs because of the associated technology that
must be purchased and integrated into a functioning
cell. Typically, a functioning cell will cost 3-10 times
the cost of the robot.
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

19. Prospects of Robotics in Bangladesh
• Recently Robotics and Instrumentation Lab is introduced in BAEC at
the Institute of Electronics (IE).
• Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Department (RMED) of DU
established in 2015.
• A lot of foreign experts are working in different automated industries
in our country.
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

20. Future Plan of BAEC regarding Robotics
• To build in house robots which will be essential on various aspects of
nuclear power plant and others. For example: Monitoring the
environment and evaluating the condition by robots with computer
vision technology where radioactive source is active, Handling
radioactive materials remotely by robots, Cleaning different parts of
NPP by robots etc.
• To build a good research community regarding robotics in
Bangladesh.
• To help students seeking thesis about robotics.
• To minimize dependency to foreign experts on automation industry of
our country.
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

21. Further Study on Robotics
• The International Journal of Robotics Research.
• IEEE Transactions on Robotics.
• IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Robotics and Autonomous
Systems.
• IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation(ICRA).
• IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
(IROS).
• IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine.
• Journal of Field Robotics.
• IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetic (ROBIO).
• IEEE International Conference on Humanoid Robots.
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE

22. Thanks for your patience
Md. Mahbub Alam, SO, IE, AERE