Feed Mfg

1. Basic Concepts in Feed Manufacture
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2. • Feed ingredients, (grain, meals, additives) are
combined to satisfy nutrient requirements of
livestock species and type.
• Feed manufacturers process and deliver
compound feeds to livestock producers.
• Livestock products are delivered to food
processors and then to the consumer.
A more complicated version of “You are What You
Eat!”
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3. • 800,000 tonnes of chicken meat
– Domestic consumption
• 150,000 tonnes of eggs
• 325,000 tonnes of pig meat
• 9,400 million litres of milk
– 65% from Victoria
• 2 million tonnes beef
– with 60% exported
• Horse industry valued at $6.4 billion
• 76 million sheep
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4. • Feed processing methods can be chemical,
thermal, or mechanical, or any combination,
and may include microbial fermentation (such
as silage).
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5. • Processing changes the particle size or
physical appearance, separates parts of the
seed or plant, improves digestibility or
palatability, reduces or prevents spoilage,
reduces or inactivates anti-nutritional factors,
or improves handling and mixing.
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6. • Manufacture the right kind of feed for the
type of animal to be fed.
• The feed is nutritionally balanced with
ingredients that are palatable and digestible
for the type of animal.
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7. • Make the feed in a form that maximizes
consumption and minimizes waste.
• For example, pellets are more dense and keep
the animal from ‘sorting’ ingredients. The
animal may eat more and consume a more
balanced ration as a result.
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8. • Process the feed to enhance digestibility
through mechanical, chemical or thermal
techniques
• Increased digestibility allows the animal to
digest and absorb the feed quicker and
more efficiently
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9. • Measure, monitor and maintain quality
control, ensuring that the feeds are not
contaminated with bacteria, toxins,
unapproved or excess medications or
additives, or other unsafe ingredients (such as
meat and bone meal in ruminant feeds).
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10. Truck
Rail
Barge
Other
Ingredient
Receiving
Steam
Pellets to Storage
Bagging
Bulk Shipping
Truck, Rail
Meal/Mash
Grain
Receiving
Grain
Cleaning
Grain
Storage
(Elevator)
Magnetic
Separator Milling
Mixer
Surge Hopper
Storage
Storage
Weigh
Storage
Conditioning
Pelleting
Pellet Cooler
Crumbler/
Granulator
(roller mill)
Screen
Storage
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11. • Bagged Ingredients
– Label compliance
• Bulk ingredients
– Quality assessment
– Contract compliance
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12. • Cereal grains
– Hammer mill or Roller mill
– Coarse grind similar to “cookie”
• Soft ingredients
– Usually not pre milled, however some petfood
manufacturers will.
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13. • Batching
– Based on formulation
– Bulk ingredients
– Hand additions
• Mixing
– Various mixers can be
used
– Paddle, ribbon
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14. • Most feedmills use
pelletting as primary
cook method
– Steam preconditioning
– Pellet press
• Extrusion
– High temperature and
pressure
• Expansion
– Pressure
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17. • Cooling
– To ambient temperature
• Drying
– Remove excess moisture to approx. 12%
Both are used to reduce risks of poor pellet
formation and mould growth
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18. • Finished feed bins
• Bulk delivery to
customer
– Dedicated trucks
• Bagging
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19. • The cost of feed ranges from 50 to 80% of the cost of
raising livestock.
• Many of our customers in feed manufacturing and
livestock production have developed sophisticated
systems for measuring and managing their feed
costs.
• Most manufacturers use Least Cost Ration
Formulation
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20. • The nutritional requirements of the target animals
(species, genetics, age, weight, sex, function)
• The nutrients in available feedstuffs
• The price of available feedstuffs
From these they can calculate the best/least cost of the
required nutrients each commodity supplies.
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21. • Identify the target animals
• Identify the nutrient requirements for the animals
• Choose the feed ingredients to be used and identify
the nutrient content of the feeds
• Calculate how much of each ingredient must be used
• Check the nutrients in the finished feed against the
needs of the animal
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22. • Species
– Monogastics
– Ruminants
• Physiology
– Maintenance
– Growth
– Reproduction
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23. • Protein
– Amino acids
• Energy
– Lipids, carbohydrates, fibre
• Moisture - water
• Vitamins
– Fat and water soluble
• Minerals
– Trace and Macro
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24. • But remember no one nutrient is more
important than the others
• A balanced and complete diet must contain all
the necessary and essential nutrients
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25. • Most modern feed mills now incorporate a
quality management system to ensure:
– Customer satisfaction
– Feed safety
– Continuous improvement
– Third party accreditation
– Regulatory compliance
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