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Basic Pneumatics
Properties of Compressed Air
• Availability
• Easily stored in large volumes
• Simplicity in design and control
• Provides linear and rotary movement
• Installation
• Low system cost due to low component
cost
• Components have long working life
resulting in longer system reliability
• Environmentally friendly
• Safety issues are minimized e.g.. Fire
hazards; unaffected by overloads
(actuators stall or slip)
• Pneumatic actuators in a system do not
produce heat (except for friction)
Properties of Compressed Air
Parts of a Pneumatic System
What are they?
and
What do they Do?
Pressure
Switch
Compressor
Drain
Check Valve
A Basic Pneumatic System
Air Production and Distribution System
Motor
Tank
Pressure
Gauge
Refrigerated Air Dryer
Line Filter
Directional Valve
A Basic Pneumatic System
Air Consumption System
Air Line Take-off Drain
Conditioning Unit
Actuator
Air Compression
Reciprocating:
Single stage Double Stage
Air Compression
Rotary:
Vane Screw
Compressor
Air Receiver
A pressure Vessel (Tank) normally made of metal and installed
either horizontally or vertically. This vessel provides a volume of air
to be utilized by the system and reduced the loading and unloading
of the compressor.
Air Receiver (Tank)
Air Treatment
All atmospheric air carries both moisture and dust
Inlet Filter •Used to remove large particle dirt from
entering the system.
•Used to prevent excessive
wear of cylinder, piston rings
and other moving parts in the
initial stage of the system
Air Dryer
Compressed air cannot hold the same amount of moisture as non
compressed air. Once the air is compressed, some of the moisture
condenses in the tank and is removed through a drain valve. The remaining
moisture will rust internal components of the system and must be removed.
One way this is done by sending the air through an air conditioned chamber
which will condense more of the moisture which is present.
Regulating and Conditioning
The compressed air to be used in a system needs to be treated
because of contamination inside the system. An example of this could
be the scaling of piped or worn seal material. A line filter is used to
collect water and solid impurities. A Lubricator is used to vaporize oil
into the air stream to lubricate moving parts in the system such as air
tools
A regulator is used to adjust the
line pressure to a lower usable
pressure needed for some tool
applications.
Control Valves
Double Pressure Operated
5 Port Valve
3 Port Pilot Valve 3 Port Pilot Valve
Actuators
The work done by a pneumatic actuator can be linear or rotary.
There are two basic types of linear cylinders
•Single-acting
•Double-acting

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Basic_Pneumatics.pptx

  • 2. Properties of Compressed Air • Availability • Easily stored in large volumes • Simplicity in design and control • Provides linear and rotary movement • Installation • Low system cost due to low component cost
  • 3. • Components have long working life resulting in longer system reliability • Environmentally friendly • Safety issues are minimized e.g.. Fire hazards; unaffected by overloads (actuators stall or slip) • Pneumatic actuators in a system do not produce heat (except for friction) Properties of Compressed Air
  • 4. Parts of a Pneumatic System What are they? and What do they Do?
  • 5. Pressure Switch Compressor Drain Check Valve A Basic Pneumatic System Air Production and Distribution System Motor Tank Pressure Gauge Refrigerated Air Dryer Line Filter
  • 6. Directional Valve A Basic Pneumatic System Air Consumption System Air Line Take-off Drain Conditioning Unit Actuator
  • 10. Air Receiver A pressure Vessel (Tank) normally made of metal and installed either horizontally or vertically. This vessel provides a volume of air to be utilized by the system and reduced the loading and unloading of the compressor. Air Receiver (Tank)
  • 11. Air Treatment All atmospheric air carries both moisture and dust Inlet Filter •Used to remove large particle dirt from entering the system. •Used to prevent excessive wear of cylinder, piston rings and other moving parts in the initial stage of the system
  • 12. Air Dryer Compressed air cannot hold the same amount of moisture as non compressed air. Once the air is compressed, some of the moisture condenses in the tank and is removed through a drain valve. The remaining moisture will rust internal components of the system and must be removed. One way this is done by sending the air through an air conditioned chamber which will condense more of the moisture which is present.
  • 13. Regulating and Conditioning The compressed air to be used in a system needs to be treated because of contamination inside the system. An example of this could be the scaling of piped or worn seal material. A line filter is used to collect water and solid impurities. A Lubricator is used to vaporize oil into the air stream to lubricate moving parts in the system such as air tools A regulator is used to adjust the line pressure to a lower usable pressure needed for some tool applications.
  • 14. Control Valves Double Pressure Operated 5 Port Valve 3 Port Pilot Valve 3 Port Pilot Valve
  • 15. Actuators The work done by a pneumatic actuator can be linear or rotary. There are two basic types of linear cylinders •Single-acting •Double-acting