The document provides an overview of dental hand instruments, detailing their design, classification, and historical context. It highlights the contributions of Dr. G.V. Black in creating a systematic nomenclature and classification that allows for better communication between dentists and manufacturers. Various types of instruments are described, including cutting and non-cutting tools, and their specific functions in dental procedures.

1. Dental Instruments
Presented by : Samar A. Fadel.

2. Dental Insturments
What are they?
Definition:
Hand instruments are those instruments that are used manually without a
power source .

3. Hand Instrument Design:
 Handle
 Portion of the instrument where the operator grasps.
 Shank
 Part of the instrument that attaches the working end to
the handle.
 Working end
 Portion of the instrument with a specific function.

5. Identifying Hand Instruments:
 Referred to by:
 Name
 Assigned number
 Black’s instrument formula
 Describes the angulations.
 Describes the dimensions.

6. History:
The early hand-operated instruments characterized by:
Large, heavy handles and inferior metal alloys in the blades.
They were difficult to use, ineffective in many situations
because there was no uniformity of manufacture or
nomenclature.
Many dentists made their own hand instruments for different
needs.

8. The experience was something like this:

9. Classification
G.V Black is credited with the first
acceptable nomenclature and
classification of hand instruments.
His classification system enabled both
dentists and manufacturers to
communicate more clearly and
effectively in regard to instrument
design and function.

10. Dr. G. V. Black classified instruments according to :
ORDER names: Denote the purpose for which the instrument is to be used.
Such as Mallet or clamps.
SUBORDER names: Define the manner or position of use of the instrument, such as
hand mallet or molar clamps.
CLASS names: Describes the working point of the instrument , such as spoon
excavator or inverted cone bur.
SUBCLASS names: Indicates the angle of the shank, such as bin-angel.

11. What do you think these numbers mean?!
15-95-8-12R
Dr. Black also evolved the instrument formula by which
instruments could be readily duplicated anywhere.
-The number of a gingival margin trimmer is given as 15-95-8-
12R: The first two digits (15) designate the width of the blade in
tenths of millimeter, the third and fourth(95) its length in
millimeters.
-The fifth digit(8) represents the angle which the blade forms with
axis of the handle expressed in hundredths of a circle(100
gradations or centigrade's).
-The sixth and seventh digits represent the angle made by the
cutting edge with the axis of the hand( in instruments in which the
cutting edge is at angle to the length of the blade).
-The handle letter (R or L) signifies that the instrument is one of a
pair made in “rights” and “lefts” in order to work more efficiently.

12. Hand
Instrume
nts
Cutting Non-
cutting
Instrume Instrumen
nts ts
Explorers Amalgam
Excavato Perio. Mirrors condenser Others
rs Chisels Others s
probs
Gingival
Bin- Enamel
Straight Curved margin
Spoon Angled Hatchet
Ordinary Angle trimmers
Hoes excavato Knives
Hatches formers
rs
scalers
carvers

13.  Hatchets:
 -the blade and cutting edge are on a plane with the long
axis of the handle, the shank has two angles
 -Used for cutting enamel, and to smooth the walls and
floors of the tooth preparation.
 -used in Class II preparations, especially for finishing the
enamel margins and removing unsupported enamel.

14.  Gingival margin trimmer:
 Used to cut enamel and place bevels along the gingival
enamel margins of the preparation.
 used for rounding or beveling of the axiopulpal line angle
of two-surface preparations.

15.  Hoe:
 Used to plane the walls and floors of the tooth
preparation.
 Similar than chisel but the blade is angled more than
12.5 centigrades
- Used to remove unsupported enamel

16.  Chisel:
 Used to cut the enamel margin of the tooth preparation,
form sharp lines, point angles, and place retention
grooves.
 Straight chisel
 Bin-angle chisel
 Wedelstaedt chisel
 Angle former

21. Please don’t be thise kind of Dentists :P

22. Guys, never forget this

23. Thank you ….