The presentation discussed the what is e-commerce security and its dimensions, threat concerns, ways to protect e-commerce site from hacking and fraud. It also includes the different e-commerce payment methods.
The presentation discussed the what is e-commerce security and its dimensions, threat concerns, ways to protect e-commerce site from hacking and fraud. It also includes the different e-commerce payment methods.
Few basic explanations on E-commerce and Internet Marketing. In the world of technology, the Internet plays an important role. The slides take you to very basic insights of the processes involved.
Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer
It comprises the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information, or money between two or more entities.
Commonly known as Electronic Marketing.
“It consist of buying and selling goods and services over an electronic systems Such as the internet and other computer networks.”
“E-commerce is the purchasing, selling and exchanging goods and services over computer networks (internet) through which transaction or terms of sale are performed Electronically.
As more and more business activates are carried out by the electronic means, it has become more and more important that evidence of these activities should available to demonstrate legal rights and obligations that flow from them.
Cyber crimes have started to create a fear in the minds of many people linked to the networks mostly worried to ecommerce technology as its success lies in the internet. The various mechanisms used for securing internet based transactions or communication can be grouped into
Authorization, Authentication and Integrity
Privacy
Availability by controlling access
welcome guys. In this ppt you will find all the main points about internet marketing (defination, scope,types,process,strategy, advantages, disadvantages) check it..
Unit 1:
Role of IMC in marketing process, IMC planning model, Marketing and promotion
Process model. Communication process, steps involved in developing IMC programme, Effectiveness of marketing communications Purpose, Role, Functions, Types, Advertising Vs Marketing mix, Advertising appeal in various stages of PLC
Few basic explanations on E-commerce and Internet Marketing. In the world of technology, the Internet plays an important role. The slides take you to very basic insights of the processes involved.
Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer
It comprises the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information, or money between two or more entities.
Commonly known as Electronic Marketing.
“It consist of buying and selling goods and services over an electronic systems Such as the internet and other computer networks.”
“E-commerce is the purchasing, selling and exchanging goods and services over computer networks (internet) through which transaction or terms of sale are performed Electronically.
As more and more business activates are carried out by the electronic means, it has become more and more important that evidence of these activities should available to demonstrate legal rights and obligations that flow from them.
Cyber crimes have started to create a fear in the minds of many people linked to the networks mostly worried to ecommerce technology as its success lies in the internet. The various mechanisms used for securing internet based transactions or communication can be grouped into
Authorization, Authentication and Integrity
Privacy
Availability by controlling access
welcome guys. In this ppt you will find all the main points about internet marketing (defination, scope,types,process,strategy, advantages, disadvantages) check it..
Unit 1:
Role of IMC in marketing process, IMC planning model, Marketing and promotion
Process model. Communication process, steps involved in developing IMC programme, Effectiveness of marketing communications Purpose, Role, Functions, Types, Advertising Vs Marketing mix, Advertising appeal in various stages of PLC
SOPA, OPEN, ACTA and parallel copyright reforms in Europe, The right way to t...beamatinet
Conference Jan. 23 2012, Stanford Law School on SOPA, OPEN, ACTA and parallel copyright reforms in Europe, The right way to tackle online infringement?
(by @beamartinet)
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
Visit Now: https://www.tumblr.com/trademark-quick/751620857551634432/ensure-legal-protection-file-your-trademark-with?source=share
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
1. Bases for the legal systems
According to Madhuku (2010) law
refers to rules and negotiations that
govern human conduct or other
societal relations and are
enforceable by the state
Cateora postulates that there are
major legal systems for the
world, that include
2. Common law
Which is derived from English law and found in
England, the US, Canada and other countries
once under English influence
Civil or code law
Derived from Roman law and found in
germany, japan, france and in non Islamic
and non Marxist countries
3. Islamic law
Derived from the interpretation of the Koran
and found in Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia and
other Islamic states
Commercial legal system in the Marxist –
socialist economies of Russia and the
republics of the former Soviet Union, Eastern
Europe, China, whose legal system is based on
the economic, politics and social policies of
the state
4.
5. Jurisdiction in international legal
disputes
The court has a dual jurisdiction
Jurisdiction in contentious cases
Disputes of legal nature that are submitted to
it by states
Advisory jurisdiction
It gives advisory opinions on legal questions at
the request of the organs of UNs or
specialized agencies authorized to make such
a request
6. Def: the competence of a court
• To hear and decide a case
• Juristic act –an action intending to and
capable of having, a legal effect such as the
creation, termination or modification of a
legal right.
• Basics
• In a typical legal dispute arising from an
international trade transaction
7. Questions that may arise
Which country’s courts should have
jurisdiction to try the dispute
Which country’s laws should be applied to
resolve the dispute
Whether any foreign judgment obtained
abroad might be enforceable in the home
country
8. Protection of intellectual property
rights: a special problem
According to WTO (1995) intellectual property
refers to the copyrights and related rights ,trade
marks, patents, industrial designs and trade
secrets. WTO noted that Intellectual Property
should be protected so as to benefit inventors
and creators.
The agreement on Intellectual Property right
(TRIPS) came into existence after the formation of
WTO on 1 Jannuary 1995, but the negotiations
started on the Uruguay round of 1986-94
9. TRIPS requires that all countries should honor
other countries’ patents, copyrights and
trademarks therefore countries should honor and
protect Intellectual property of other nations
Lindert and Pugel (1996) , are becoming a special
problems because of wide spread practice of
copying or pirating innovating firms products
without getting, and paying for a license to use
their innovations.
10. Commercial laws within countries
• Dfn-Law governing business
operations of firms and
organisations.
Treating / dealing with others the way
you that you would like to be treated or
dealt with. (Shul, NT -2004)
Existence – as man himself. Babylonian
Era / Sumerian- codified and enforced
Artifacts dating over 6000 years old
reveal that the system was so complex.
Evolution
The principles , maxims and precepts of
commercial law are eternal and
unchangeable (Shul, NT -2004)
League of Nations –Hague convention
1964- codified the sales law i.e. The
Uniform Law on International Sale of
Goods.
Harmonising Comm. Law- Free Trade;
Financial stability of Major Markets –
avoidance of systematic risk –Domino
effect
Commercial law
Marketing
laws
Anti trust
laws
Green
marketing
legislation
11. Marketing laws
MNC’s must comply with different marketing laws
Health sensitive nations- clear labeling, quality prdcts.
discrepancies across markets cause problems for trade
negotiators
They include
promotion, labeling,pricing, distribution channels/place
Sales Promotion Regulations Diversity
In Austria, premium offers, free gifts, or coupons are considered
as cash discounts and are prohibited
Premium offers in Finland are allowed as long as the word free is
not used
French law permits sales only twice a year, in January and
August
ADVERTISING REGULATIONS
Health lawsuits-the effects of a product has to be mentioned
Ethical adverts-Nudity and culture consideration (avoid artwork
and message blunders)-end up normalising the abnormal or
playing with sacred items
There often are vast differences in enforcement and
interpretation among countries having laws covering the same
12. Practices that are legal in one country may not be legal in another.
National identification with a product may also be protected under marketing law in some countries
ZIMBO
MARKETERS NEED TO ALWAYS CHECK ON LAWS BCZ IT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE
September 2010: Brenda Wood Kahari, BW Kahari Law Offices reports that by statutory instruments, Nos. 152 and
153, published in the Government Gazette, two important Acts related to intellectual property were brought into
operation on 10 September 2010:
Intellectual Property Tribunal Act (No. 5/2001) -a special court set up to handle civil disputes related to intellectual
property.
Trade Marks Amendment Act (No. 10/2001) This Act amends the current Trade Mark Act (Cap. 26:04) to bring it into
compliance with TRIPS.
African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation (ARIPO).
Commercial Law
Competition Act (Ch 14:28)
Control of Goods Act (Ch 14:05)
Export Processing Zones Act 14:07
Hire Purchase Act (Ch 14:09)
Liquor Act (Ch 14:12)
Merchandise Marks Act (Ch 14:13)
Second Hand Goods Act (Ch 14:16)
Traditional Beer Act (Ch 14:24)
13. GREEN MARKETING
It is about
• Doing business in ways that are friendly
to the natural environment
• Environmental lobbyists and
governments are pressuring the
Multinational corporations to become
more ‘green’ for natural environment
protections(Greenpeace, 2012).
• Rainforests - destruction
• Recycling
• Diapers in zimbabwe
• environmental awareness among
consumers provides firms with a
significant opportunity to position
themselves as ‘green’ to garner customer
loyalty (National Pollution Prevention
Centre for Higher Education, 1995)
• Zimbabwe there is EMA
It includes:
• industrial pollution,
hazardous waste disposal,
• rampant deforestation
• Public smoking and drinking
• Go –Green targets and
action plans
• Carbon taxes charge
increase on defaulters
15. Anti-trust Issues
• Originated in America in late
20th C
• Antitrust enforcement protects
consumers from actions that
restricts competition
• e.g. The restriction of the China
Unicom and China telecom
major in the USA in 2008.
Which ones?
• Antimonopoly,
• price discrimination,
• supply restrictions, and
• full-line forcing are areas
which lead to less
competition and higher
prices for consumers –
hence not allowed
16. CYBERCRIME
DEFINITION
•Cybercrime refers to all the
activities done with criminal intent
in cyberspace or using the
medium of Internet.
•These could be either the criminal
activities in the conventional sense
or may be activities newly evolved
with the growth of the new
medium.
18. Common scenarios in
Cyber Crime
Unauthorized access: This occurs when a user/hacker
deliberately gets access into someone else’s network
either to monitor or data destruction purposes
Denial of service attack: It involves sending of
disproportionate demands or data to the victims server
beyond the limit that the server is capable to handle and
hence causes the server to crash
Virus, Worms and Trojan attacks: Viruses are
basically programs that are attached to a file which then
gets circulated to other files and gradually to other
computers in the network. Worms unlike Viruses do not
need a host for attachments they make copies of
themselves and do this repeatedly hence eating up all
the memory of the computer. Trojans are unauthorized
programs which functions from inside what seems to be
an authorized program, thereby concealing what it is
actually doing.
19. Email Bombing It refers to sending a large
number of emails to the victim resulting in
the victim's email account (in case of an individual) or
mail servers (in case of a company or an email
service provider) crashing
Internet Time Thefts This connotes the
usage by an
unauthorized person of the Internet hours
paid for by another.
Web Jacking This occurs when someone forcefully
takes control of a website (by cracking the password
and later changing it). The actual owner of the website
does not have any more control over what appears on
that website
Theft and Physical damage of computer or its
peripherals This type of offence involves the theft of a
computer, some parts of a computer or a peripheral
20. CYBERCRIME IMPACT
ON IT
• Cybercrime adversely impacts various
activities in the electronic medium using
computers, computer systems and
computer networks
• Effect is not just destruction or adverse
impact on data.
• Cybercrimes also have the ability to
disrupt or damage computers, computer
systems and computer networks as also
data or information resident therein
• Cybercrimes directly inhibit e-commerce
and the free use of the Internet and
computers.
21. CYBERCRIME
CATEGORIES
• Cybercrimes can be
basically divided into 3
major categories being
Cybercrimes
–against persons
–against property
– against Government
22. NEED FOR CYBER LAWS
• TACKLING CYBER
CRIMES
• INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS AND
COPYRIGHTS
PROTECTION ACT
23. CYBER CRIMES
• CYBER CRIMES AGAINST
PERSONS
eg ‘melissa’and ‘lovebug’
virus
• CYBER CRIMES AGAINST
PROPERTY
eg computer vandalism
• CYBER CRIMES AGAINST
GOVERNMENT
• eg ‘Al-Qaeda’
24. INTERNET AND ITS EFFECT
• 20% - 30% of Internet
pornography
consumption is by
children of ages 12 - 17.
• MySpace is being used by
predators to meet and
entice kids online.
• Specific marketing
strategies are being used
to attract children to
porn sites.
25. OFFENCES AND LAWS IN CYBER SPACE
• TAMPERING WITH
COMPUTER
DOCUMENTS
• HACKING WITH
COMPUTER SYSTEM
• PUBLISHING OBSCENE
MATERIAL ON
INTERNET
• BREACHING OF
CONFIDENTIALITY AND
PRIVACY
26. Real-world & Virtual- world
Current approaches evolved to
deal with real-world crime
Cybercrime occurs in a virtual-
world and therefore presents
different issues
27. International Disputes
resolutions
We have 4 methods in which marketers settle
disputes internationally
Negotiation, mediation, arbitration, litigation and
negotiation
• Negotiation
Def : it’s the most basic means of settling
differences. It is back and forth communication
between parties to the conflict with the goal of
trying to find a solution