ANCIENT STONE BALLS (Redwood Co. and Stevens Co., Minnesota, c.1900 BC) Dr. R.M. de Jonge ©, drsrmdejonge@hotmail.com May, 2013 SUMMARY Two ancient Stone Balls with diameters of 5.0 and 5.6 cm, respectively, tell the story of the Egyptian discovery of America in the Fourth Dynasty, and the subsequent discoveries of the four Atlantic Crossings in the Fifth Dynasty. The Balls were left behind in Minnesota, at 40+5= 45°N, in honor of the 5th king Menkaure of the Fourth Dynasty, who discovered America via the Bering Sea. People from the Old World circumnavigated the planet Earth, which is represented by each of these Balls. They probably date from the Twelfth Dynasty, c.1900 BC.

1. ANCIENT STONE BALLS
(Redwood Co. and Stevens Co., Minnesota, c.1900 BC)
Dr. R.M. de Jonge ©, drsrmdejonge@hotmail.com
May, 2013
Fig.1 Ancient Stone Balls
(Redwood Co. [left] and Stevens Co. [right], Minnesota, c.1900 BC)
SUMMARY
Two ancient Stone Balls with diameters of 5.0 and 5.6 cm, respectively, tell the story of the
Egyptian discovery of America in the Fourth Dynasty, and the subsequent discoveries of the
four Atlantic Crossings in the Fifth Dynasty. The Balls were left behind in Minnesota, at
40+5= 45°N, in honor of the 5th king Menkaure of the Fourth Dynasty, who discovered Ame-
rica via the Bering Sea. People from the Old World circumnavigated the planet Earth, which
is represented by each of these Balls. They probably date from the Twelfth Dynasty, c.1900
BC.
Introduction
Perfectly spherical Stone Balls are found by farmers clearing their fields in Minnesota. The
“Big Ball” at the left side of Fig.1 has a diameter of 5.6 cm. It was found in Redwood County,
at a distance of 170 km and 20° WSW from the city of Minneapolis, at a latitude of 44.5°N.
The “Small Ball” at the right side has a diameter of 5.0 cm. It was found in Stevens County, at
a distance of 220 km and 20° WNW from the city of Minneapolis, at a latitude of 45.5°N. In
both cases the kind of stone appears to be basalt.
The Big Ball has a diameter of 5.6 cm, or 0.50 Egyptian micromoiras (1 moira= 1°= 111 km).
The Small Ball has a diameter of 5.0 cm, or 0.45 micromoiras. Both Balls are found at a
latitude of c.45°N. It appears both Balls are ancient, and tell the story of the Egyptian disco-
very of America during de Old Kingdom. (Refs.1,2)

2. Discovery of America
Both Balls are found at 40+5= 45°N, halfway between the main latitude lines at 40°N and at
50°N. In Europe latitudes were already known c.4800 BC, as shown in the monument of
Barnénez, Brittany, France.
The 40th latitude line encodes the Fourth Dynasty when America was discovered. The 50th
latitude line encodes the fifth King Menkaure (Mycerinos, c.2580-2562 BC), who accom-
plished this discovery via the southern Aleutian islands, at the south side of the Bering Sea, at
c.50°N. The length of the 40th latitude line from coast to coast across North America equals
50°, confirming it.
Both Balls are found 5° above the 40th latitude line, confirming the Egyptian discovery of
America by the 5th king Menkaure of the Fourth Dynasty, at 50°N. The Small Ball has a
diameter of 0.45 micromoiras, referring to the latitude of 40+5= 45°N at which it was found.
So, it confirms this discovery. - The Big Ball has a diameter of 0.50 micromoiras, referring to
the latitude of 50°N, as well as its complementary latitude of 90-50= 40°N. In antiquity the
use of complementary latitudes was very common. So, it confirms this discovery, too!
The holy Arctic Circle, at 67°N, is the northernmost line the Sun still shines at midwinter day
(Sun religion). Each Ball shows king Menkaure also discovered the crossing of the Bering
Strait, 1° below it, at 67-1= 66°N. So, he returned via the Upper North, 66-50= 16° above the
southern Aleutian islands. – Note, the Stone Balls represent the spherical Earth. They
celebrate the discovery of America by king Menkaure at the back side of the planet Earth!
(Refs.3-6)
Atlantic Crossings
The Southern Crossing of the Atlantic starts at the Cape Verde Islands, off shore West Africa,
at 16°N (see above). Both the Nile Delta and the Mississippi Delta are located at 30°N, enco-
ding its sailing direction, with the wind and the current, 30° SSW.
The 50th latitude line encodes the point of arrival, Cape São Rock (the Holy Rock), Brazil, at
5°S. It shows the Southern Crossing was discovered in the Fifth Dynasty. The length of the
Crossing equals 2 Egyptian Moiras, or 20°. It shows the 2nd king Sahure (c.2510-2498 BC) of
this dynasty discovered the Southern Crossing. The finding spot of the two Balls, at 45°N,
devides the meridian on the Northern Hemisphere into two equal parts, confirming this 2nd
king. – Note, the Stone Balls celebrate the circumnavigation of the planet Earth by king
Sahure!
The 2nd king Sahure returned from Cape Race, Newfoundland, 2° above the finding spot in
Minnesota, at 45+2= 47°N. The initial sailing direction of 20° ESE across 2 Moiras, or 20°, to
the two islands of the West Azores confirms this Return Route, with the wind and the current,
was discovered by this 2nd king. - So, the 2nd king Sahure discovered the two southern
crossings of the Ocean. (Refs.7-11)
The Northern Crossing of the Ocean proceeds via three land points: from the Shetland Islands
via the south cape of Greenland to Cape Chidley, Canada, at the complementary latitude of
the Nile Delta, at 90-30= 60°N. So, this third Crossing was discovered by the 3rd king
Neferirkare (c.2498-2478 BC).

3. The last discovered Crossing starts at Abaco Island, northern Bahama’s, 3° below the Nile
and Mississippi Delta’s, at 30-3= 27°N. King Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty ruled for 12 years.
So, the sailing distance from Abaco Island to Bermuda, at 27+5= 32°N, equals 12 moiras, or
12°. He was the 2nd king, confirming Bermuda, 2° above the Delta’s, at 30+2= 32°N.
The island of Bermuda is located 9° above the holy Tropic of Cancer, at 23+9= 32°N (Sun
religion). So, the 9th and last king Unas (c.2403-2370 BC) discovered the Return Route, with
the wind and the current, from Bermuda to the nine islands of the Azores. The three island
groups of the Azores (the East, Central and West Azores) illustrate the long sailing distance of
3 Moiras, or 30°.
The holy Tropic of Cancer is located at 23°N. At midsummer day the Sun is there at right
angles above. The slow northerly movement of the Sun turns into a southerly
movement. So, people believe in the Egyptian SunGod Ra. Far in the east the Tropic
of Cancer crosses the River Nile. It is the center of the Southern Egyptian Empire,
but also the center of the Sun religion. (Refs.12-17)
The 40th latitude line confirms the discovery of the four Atlantic Crossings. Its complemen-
tary latitude at 50°N shows it happened in the Fifth Dynasty. Bermuda is located 50-32= 18°
below the 50th latitude line. It confirms the 18 years of reign of king Menkaure, who disco-
vered America.
It also refers to the ancient civilization around the south point of the Gulf of Campeche, Me-
xico, at 18°N. It is the holiest place of the America’s. It is the center of the Underworld, “the
Realm of the Dead, at the other side of the waters (the Ocean), in the land where the Sun sets
(America).” It is the center of the Land of Punt, at a symbolic distance of half the circumfe-
rence of the planet Earth, 18 Moiras, or 180° from the Land of the Living (Egypt).
Dating
The Big Ball was found in Redwood County, at a distance of 6.0 moiras (670 km) and 26°
WSW from the east point of Keweenaw Peninsula, Upper Michigan. This is
interesting, be-cause Keweenaw Peninsula may be considered as the center of
copper mining in North Ame-rica. The mentioned distance of 6 moiras refers
to the Sixth Dynasty, when a worldwide Co-met Catastrophe (or Flood)
happened with 2.6 million casualties (26° WSW).
The Small Ball was found in Stevens County, at a distance of 6.0 moiras (670 km) and 26°
WSW from the east point of Isle Royale, Lake Superior. This is also interesting, because Isle
Royale may be considered as the center of copper mining, too.
It may be concluded that both Balls are really ancient, and date from the copper trade across
the Atlantic to the Old World. They date from the Empire of Atlantis, which consisted of
Egypt with its colonies of North and South America (c.2500-1200 BC). However, both Balls
refer to the Comet Catastrophe (or Flood) of the Sixth Dynasty. So, they date after this event,
which is from c.2300-1200 BC.
However, Keweenaw Peninsula as well as Isle Royale are located 120° west of the River Nile,
Egypt, possibly referring to the Twelfth Dynasty (c.1900 BC, Middle Kingdom). It appears
the direction of 26° WSW also encodes the capital of Thebes during this dynasty. The disco-
very of America and the Comet Catastrophe (or Flood) was relatively recent history in this

4. era. As a consequence the most probable date of both Stone Balls appears to be c.1900 BC.
(Refs.18-24)
The Balls were left behind in Minnesota, at 40+5= 45°N, in honor of the 5th king Menkaure
(c.2580-2562 BC) of the Fourth Dynasty, who discovered America via the Bering Sea.
(Boston Museum of Fine Arts)
References
1. Robin Mueller, FB Group: “Old Copper Complex and Ancient Waterways America”. (Larry Furo)
2. Susan English, Yahoo Group of the Ancient Waterways Society.
3. De Jonge, R.M., and Wakefield, J.S., How the SunGod Reached America c.2500 BC, A Guide to Megalithic
Sites, 2002 (ISBN 0-917054-19-9). Available: MCS Inc., Box 3392, Kirkland, Wa 98083, also on CD.
Website: www.howthesungod.com
4. Wakefield, J.S., and De Jonge, R.M., Rocks & Rows, Sailing Routes across the Atlantic and the Copper
Trade, MCS Inc, 2010 (ISBN 0-917054-20-2). Available: MCS Inc, Box 3392, Kirkland, Wa USA 98083.
Website: www.rocksandrows.com
5. De Jonge, R.M., Website: www.slideshare.net/rmdejonge
6. Pellech, Chr., Website: www.migration-diffusion.info
7. De Jonge, R.M., “The Discovery of Three Continents (Santo Stefano, North Sardinia, Italy, c.2300 BC)”, An-
cient American, Vol.12, No.76, pgs.28-29 (2007), Ref.5.
8. De Jonge, R.M., “Houghton’s Petroglyph (Copper Country, Michigan, 2500-1200 BC)” (2009), Ref.5, to be
published.
9. De Jonge, R.M., “The Mystic Symbol, mark of the Michigan Mound Builders” (2009), Ref.5, to be publish-
ed.
10. De Jonge, R.M., “A Sword for America (Kirkburn, East Yorkshire, England, c.250 BC)” (2009), Ref.5, to be
published.
11. De Jonge, R.M., “The Battersea Shield (River Thames, London, c.190 BC)” (2009), Ref.5, to be published.
12. De Jonge, R.M., and Wakefield, J.S., “Discovery of the Islands in the Ocean (Cairn T, Loughcrew, Co.
Meath, Ireland, c.3200 BC)” (2011), Ref.5, to be published.
13. De Jonge, R.M., and Wakefield, J.S., "The Passage Grave of Karleby, Encoding the Islands Discovered in the
Ocean, c.2950 BC", Migration & Diffusion, Vol.5, No.18, pgs.64-74 (2004), Ref.6.
14. De Jonge, R.M., and Wakefield, J.S., "The Three Rivers Petroglyph, A Guide-post for River Travel in Ame-
rica", Migration & Diffusion, Vol.3, No.12, pgs.74-100 (2002), Ref.6.

5. 15. De Jonge, R.M., and Wakefield, J.S., “A Nautical Center for Crossing the Ocean, America’s Stonehenge,
New Hampshire, c.2200 BC”, Migration & Diffusion, Vol.4, No.15, pgs.60-100 (2003), Ref.6.
16. De Jonge, R.M., “Stonehenge, Monument for the Discovery of America (Salisbury Plain, South England,
c.2000 BC)” (2011), Refs.5,6, to be published.
17. De Jonge, R.M., “Tripod Rock, Pyramid Mountain (Morris County, New Jersey, c.1900 BC)” (2011), Refs.-
5,6, to be published.
18. De Jonge, R.M., “The Comet Catastrophe of c.2345 BC”, (sixteen articles),
Webpage: http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/dejonge.html
19. De Jonge, R.M., “Gold Ring (Grand Canyon, Arizona, c.1450 BC)” (2010), Ref.5, to be published.
20. De Jonge, R.M., “Sentinel Rock, Vermont (Discovery of America and Biblical Flood, c.1900 BC)” (2011),
Refs.5,6, to be published.
21. De Jonge, R.M., “Oil City Glyphs (Pennsylvania, c. 2000 BC)” (2012), Ref.5, to be published.
22. Rydholm, C.F., Michigan Copper, The Untold Story, Winter Cabin Books, Marquette, 2006 (ISBN 0-
9744679-2-8).
23. De Jonge, R.M., “Megaliths of Arrowhead Region I (Minnesota, c.1900 BC)” (2012), Ref.5, to be published.
24. De Jonge, R.M., “Megaliths of Arrowhead Region II (Minnesota, c.1900 and c.770 BC BC)” (2012), Ref.5,
to be published.

6. 15. De Jonge, R.M., and Wakefield, J.S., “A Nautical Center for Crossing the Ocean, America’s Stonehenge,
New Hampshire, c.2200 BC”, Migration & Diffusion, Vol.4, No.15, pgs.60-100 (2003), Ref.6.
16. De Jonge, R.M., “Stonehenge, Monument for the Discovery of America (Salisbury Plain, South England,
c.2000 BC)” (2011), Refs.5,6, to be published.
17. De Jonge, R.M., “Tripod Rock, Pyramid Mountain (Morris County, New Jersey, c.1900 BC)” (2011), Refs.-
5,6, to be published.
18. De Jonge, R.M., “The Comet Catastrophe of c.2345 BC”, (sixteen articles),
Webpage: http://www.barry.warmkessel.com/dejonge.html
19. De Jonge, R.M., “Gold Ring (Grand Canyon, Arizona, c.1450 BC)” (2010), Ref.5, to be published.
20. De Jonge, R.M., “Sentinel Rock, Vermont (Discovery of America and Biblical Flood, c.1900 BC)” (2011),
Refs.5,6, to be published.
21. De Jonge, R.M., “Oil City Glyphs (Pennsylvania, c. 2000 BC)” (2012), Ref.5, to be published.
22. Rydholm, C.F., Michigan Copper, The Untold Story, Winter Cabin Books, Marquette, 2006 (ISBN 0-
9744679-2-8).
23. De Jonge, R.M., “Megaliths of Arrowhead Region I (Minnesota, c.1900 BC)” (2012), Ref.5, to be published.
24. De Jonge, R.M., “Megaliths of Arrowhead Region II (Minnesota, c.1900 and c.770 BC BC)” (2012), Ref.5,
to be published.