The document provides a conceptual framework for industrial engineering, outlining its objectives, knowledge areas, tools, and evolution. It discusses how industrial engineering is concerned with designing integrated systems involving people, materials, equipment, information, and energy. The document traces the evolution of the field from scientific management pioneers like Taylor and Gilbreth to modern areas like operations research, quality control, and systems approaches. It provides an overview of the development of industrial engineering from the 18th century to the 1950s.

1. Conceptual Framework of
Industrial Engineering

2. 2
Sasaran
Memahami disiplin Teknik Industri baik
yang terkait dengan:
• Cakupan keilmuan, bidang garapan dan
profesi
• Perkembangan pola pikir, keilmuan dan
keahlian

3. 3
Materi
• Conceptual Framework of IE
• Evolution & Development of IE

4. 4
Engineering
Science
Industrial
Engineering
Object : Natural System Artificial System Integrated System
Phenomena : Determistic Det./Probabilistic Prob/Uncertainty
Output : Theory/Knowledge Product/service Value Added
Performance : Truth Benefit Efficiency
Validity : Absolute Relative Contextual
Start : Curiosity Need/Problem Need/Problem
Profession : Scientist Engineer Industrial Engineer

5. 5
Science
Prime objective: increase knowledge of
natural system
Research
(Scientific Method)
• Formulate Hypothesis
• Execute Experiment
• Analyze Result
• Generalize Hypothesis Theory/Law
(New Knowledge)
• Publish the New Knowledge

6. 6
Basic Knowledge And Tool
• Basic knowledge
» Logic
» Creativity
• Tool
» Analysis
» Synthesis
• Process
» Scientific Research

7. 7
Engineering
Prime objective: use the knowledge to design and
develops usable devices, structure and processes
for better human life
Design Process
Identification of Need
Problem Definition
Search
Constraint
Criteria
Alternative Solution
Analysis
Decision
Specification
Communication

8. 8
Basic Knowledge And Tool
• Basic knowledge
» Mathematics
» Natural Sciences
• Tool
» Analysis
» Synthesis
• Process
» Applied Research
» Design

9. 9
Basic Engineering Process
Problem (Incl.Outcome)
Decision ( Best Altv.)
Synthesis of Alt.Solution
Analysis(Incld. Exp’tation)
Symptom/Need
Solution, System or
Method

10. 10
Characteristic Of Engineer
• Solve Problem
• Analyze
• Design System
– Creativity
– Analysis
– Synthesis

11. 11
Engineering Function
• Research
• Development
• Design
• Production &Testing
• Construction
• Operation

12. 12
Engineering Era
Early Modern
Era : Before 1750 - After 1750
Knowledge : -Mathematics - Not Only Mathematics &
-Physics Physics
* Chemical
* Molecular
* Social Sciences
Object : Physical System - Not Only Physical System
* Life System
Abstract

13. 13
Early Engineering Era
• Egyptian Engineering (3200 BC)
• Mesopotamian Engineering (2000 BC)
• Greek Engineering (500 BC)
• Roman Engineering (320 BC)
• Oriental Engineering
• European Engineering

14. 14
Modern Engineering Era
Big Five Engineering Newer Engineering
• Civil . Nuclear
• Mechanical . Computer
• Electrical . Bioengineering
• Chemical . Environmental
• Industrial Engineering . Etc.

15. 15
Big 5 Disciplines
• Military Engineering
• Civil Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering
Mathematics + Physics Mechanical Principle Steam Engine
• Electrical Engineering
Mathematics + Physics Electrical Science
Telegraph: Samuel Morse
Carbon filament lamp: Thomas Edison
• Chemical Engineering
Mathematics + Physics + Chemistry Synthetic Material
• Industrial Engineering
Mathematics +Physics +Man Integrated System

16. 16
Why IE Was Born ?
• As a Result of Industrial Revolution
• Need for Technically Trained People
Who Could Plan, Organize, and Manage
the Operations of Large Complex System
• Need to Increase Productivity and
Efficiency of Operation System

17. 17
Pioneers Of IE
• Adam SMITH
• Charles BABBAGE
• Eli WHITNEY
• Henry TOWNE
• Frederick W TAYLOR
• Frank B GILBERTH
• Lillian GILBERTH

18. 18
Adam SMITH
Wealth of Nations (1776)
Specialization of Labor
– Division of the task in pin making into 4
separate operations increased output by a
factor of almost 5
– 10 worker could produce 48.000 pins per day

19. 19
Charles BABBAGE
On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacture (1832)
– motion and time study
– division of labor
• Result of factory visit in England and USA(early 1800)
• Observed the manufacture of straight pins that:
– involve 7 distinct operations
– measured the cost and time of performing each operation
Money Could Be Saved Using Woman and Children
• Critics : Do not attempt to improve the work methods
or reduce the operation time

20. 20
Henry TOWNE
The Engineer As Economist (1886)
Stressed the Need for Engineers to Be Concerned
With the Profitability Effect of Their Decisions

21. 21
Frederick Winslow TAYLOR
(1856-1915)
FW Taylor was Influenced by Towne and Wentworth
• 1874 : Machinist Apprentice in the Hydraulic Work
• 1983 : Mechanical Engineer From Stevens Institute and
Work at Midvale Steel Company
• 1881 : Began Study of Metal Cutting
• 1895 : Presented “A Piece Rate System” at ASME Meeting
• 1903 : Presented “ Shop Management”
• 1909 : Presented “ Principle of Scientific Management”

22. 22
Principle of Scientific Management
1. Develop a science for each element of a man’s work,
which replaces the old rule of thumb method
2. Select scientifically and then train, teach, and develop
the workman, whereas previously he chose his own
work methods and trained himself as best as he could
3. Cooperate heartily with the men so as to ensure that
all of the work being done is in accordance with the
principles of the science which has been develop
4. There is almost an equal division of the work and the
responsibility between management and the
workmen. The management takes over all work for
which they are better fitted than the workman.

23. 23
Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other
Engineering and Scientific Disciplines
Civil
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Industrial
Engineering
Manufacturing
Engineering
Early Industrial
Engineering
(Scientific
Management)
Ergonomics
Economics
Physiology
Psychology and
Sociology
Statistics
Mathematics Physics
Operation Research
Quality &
Reliability
Computer & Inf.Sci
Control Theory
Productivity
Science
Chemistry
Military
Engineering
Logic
Early Management
Philosophy

24. 24
Industrial Engineering ?
Industrial Engineering Is Concerned With the Design,
Improvement, and Installation of Integrated Systems of
People, Material, Information, Equipment, and Energy. It
Draws Upon Specialized Knowledge and Skill in the
Mathematical, Physical, and Social Sciences Together
With the Principles and Methods of Engineering Analysis
and Design to Specify, Predict, and Evaluate the Results to
Be Obtained From Such System
Object Knowledge Skill Job

25. 25
Object
Integrated System
People/Man
+
Material + Equipment + Information + Energy

26. 26
Schematic Representation of Integrated System
MachineMan
Mat
Boundary
Environment
Input Out-put
: InteractionFeed-back

27. 27
Types of Research
Basic Research Applied Research
- Curiosity - Need/Problem
- Theory/Explanation - Product/Service/Method
- Neutral - Purposive
- Public Domain - Private Domain
Discovery Invention

28. 28
Knowledge
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Social Sciences

29. 29
Skill
• Method of Engineering Analysis
• Design

30. 30
Job
• Design
• Installation
• Improvement

31. 31
Performance
Efficiency
Effective + Min Cost
Objective
Achievement/Actual

32. 32
Contextual
2 + 2 = ?

33. 33
What Design IE Do ?
Integrated System
Industrial System
(Manufacturing System)
Human Activity Management Control
System System

34. 34
What Does IE Do ?
Production Management Corporate
Operations System Services
* Product &Services * Information System *Comprehensive Planning
* Manufacturing Process * Financial &Cost System *Policies & Procedures
* Facilities * Personnel * Performance Measurement
* Work Methods & Standards * Analysis
* Production Planning & Control

35. 35
Evolution and Development of
Industrial Engineering
Dicipline

36. 36
Chronology Of Development In The
Evolution Of IE
1494 1750 1890 1900 1915 1929 1941 1958 1980 1990 2000
Industrial World Depres World Space High Globalization
Revolution War I sion War II Age Technology
Time Piece Layout Net- Optimi- Auto- CIM
Accounting Studi Work SQC work zation mation
Scientific Management
Industrial Engineering
Industrial & System
Engineering
Operation Research
Micro View
Interchangeable
Part
Macro View

37. 37
Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other
Engineering and Scientific Disciplines
Civil
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Industrial
Engineering
Manufacturing
Engineering
Early Industrial
Engineering
(Scientific
Management)
Ergonomics
Economics
Physiology
Psychology and
Sociology
Statistics
Mathematics Physics
Operation Research
Quality &
Reliability
Computer & Inf.Sci
Control Theory
Productivity
Science
Chemistry
Military
Engineering
Logic
Early Management
Philosophy

38. 38
IE Thought
Scientific
Management
Adm & Behavior
Management
Management
Science
Systemic &
Integrated
Man-Machine
System
Human and
Organization
Optimization
and Modeling
Integrated
System
End of 18
Century
End of 18
Century
Beginning of
20 Century
Mid of 20
Century

39. 39
Obyek dan Keilmuan Teknik Industri
Obyek Komponen Keilmuan Kinerja
Work Man, Machine Ergonomy Productivity
Station Material Eng. Economy Efficiency
Psychology
Manufactur Man, Machine Inventory, PPC QCD
Material Quality Control
Lay out, OR &
Modeling
Company Labor, Facility Management ROI, IRR,
Material Leadership ROE
Behavior Science
Industrial Labor, Material Policy Quality
System Infrastructure Systemic Approach Welfare

40. 40
Perkembangan Teknik Industri S/D 1950
– TOKOH-TOKOH:
• Adam Smith (1776) : Specialisation, productivity
• Charles Babbage (1832): Pembagian kerja
• Frederick W. Taylor (1905): Scientific management
• Frank & Lilian Gilberth (1912): Micro-motion study
• Fayol : The 14 Principle of Management
– ORGANISASI:
• Society to Promote the Science of Management (1912), The Taylor
Society (1915), Society of Industrial Engineers (1917).
– KONSEP-KONSEP:
• Wealth of Nations: spesialisasi / keahlian untuk produktivitas
• Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers: pembagian kerja
• Principles of Scietific Management
• Human Factors: micro-motion economy
• Principle of Management

41. 41
Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1950 - 1970
• AIIE : American Institute of Industrial
Engineers (1948)
– BIDANG PERHATIAN:
• Teknik tata Cara
• Pengukuran Kerja
• Pengendalian: Produksi, Persediaan, Mutu, Beaya,
Anggaran
• Evaluasi Jabatan, Sistem Pengupahan: analisis jabatan,
analisis kinerja, upah perangsang, administrasi pengupahan
• Rancangan dan Fasilitas Pabrik: tata letak, pengadaan dan
peremajaan peralatan, perancangan produk, perkakas,
peralatan.
– SARANA:
• Statistika, Penelitian Operasional, Psikologi Industri

42. 42
Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1970 - 1990
• AIIE menjadi IIE
– BIDANG PERHATIAN:
– Bidang Industri, : Antariksa, Bank dan Keuangan, Industri
Elektronika, Pemerintahan, Seni Grafis, Pelayanan Kesehatan,
Retail, Industri Baja, Transportasi dan Distribusi, Utilitas
– Bidang Sistem Manusia dan Informasi : Komputer dan
Sistem Informasi, Ekonomi Teknik, Ergonomi, Hubungan Kerja
dan Industri, Manajemen, Pengukuran Kerja, Tatacara.
– Bidang Sistem Produksi : Manajemen Energi, Perancangan
dan Perencanaan Fasilitas, Sistem Manufaktur, Penelitian
Operasional, Pengendalian produksi dan Persediaan,
Pengendalian Mutu, Keandalan.

43. 43
Perkembangan Sejak 1990
• TOPIK-TOPIK BARU:
• CIM : Computer Integrated Manufacturing
• DSS : Decision Support System
• JIS : Just-in-Time Process Planning
• Perkembangan Variasi dari Sistem Produksi, Penelitian
Operasional, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, dsb.
• Knowledge-based Management, dll.
• TOPIK-TOPIK LAMA TETAP BERKEMBANG:
• Ergonomi, dsb.
• DIDASARI OLEH PERKEMBANGAN KOMPUTER
DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

44. 44
Proyeksi Perkembangan Abad Ke -21
• SANGAT DIPENGARUHI OLEH TEKNOLOGI
INFORMASI:
• Perubahan pola kerja, gaya hidup dan bentuk transaksi
• Perubahan gaya kepemimpinan dan manajemen
• Pergeseran pengendali kekuasaan ekonomi dan politik
– PERUBAHAN POLA KERJA, GAYA HIDUP, TRANSAKSI:
• Kerja individual, outsourcing / networking, modal maya
• Internet driven : E-commerce, e-mail, distance learning &
services
– KEPEMIMPINAN MASA DEPAN:
• Visioner, Kreatif, Transformatif, Komunikatif, Memberdayakan,
Integratif-Networking-Sinergis, High-Touch & High-Tech,
Antisipatif, Adaptif, Kompeten.
– PENGENDALI KEKUASAAN:
• Bergeser dari Pimpinan Negara ke Pimpinan Pengendali
Informasi