The document discusses different types of bacteria including their size, shapes, structures, and characteristics. It notes that bacteria are typically 0.5-2.0 micrometers in diameter, much smaller than human red blood cells. Bacteria come in different shapes like coccus, bacillus, and spirillum. They have structures like flagella, pili, and cell walls. Some bacteria can form resistant endospores and live in extreme environments. Bacteria also differ from eukaryotic cells in having circular DNA, no organelles, and reproducing asexually through binary fission.

1. Bacteria Click here for Bacteria music video Click here for info on cell phone bacteria

2. Size of Bacteria Average bacteria 0.5 - 2.0 um in diam. RBC is 7.5 um in diam. Surface Area to Volume is 3:1 Typical Eukaryote Cell SA/Vol is 0.3:1 Food enters through SA, quickly reaches all parts of bacteria Eukaroytes need structures & organelles Chapter 5 - The Microbial World

3. Shapes of Bacteria Coccus Chain = Streptoccus Cluster = Staphylococcus Bacillus Chain = Streptobacillus Coccobacillus Vibrio = curved Spirillum Spirochete Chapter 5 - The Microbial World

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7. Bacterial Structures Flagella Pili Capsule Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall Spores Chapter 5 - The Microbial World

8. Chapter 5 - The Microbial World Eukaryote Cell Structure

9. Flagella Motility - movement Swarming occurs with some bacteria Chapter 5 - The Microbial World

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11. Bacteria Their cytoplasm is 80% Water DNA is circular, Haploid (1N) Advantages of 1N DNA over 2N DNA More efficient; grows quicker Mutations allow adaptation to environment quicker Plasmids; extra circular DNA Antibiotic Resistance No organelles (Mitochondria, Golgi, etc.) Chapter 5 - The Microbial World

12. Endospores Resistant structure Heat, irradiation, cold Boiling >1 hr still viable Takes time and energy to make spores Bacillus anthracis - spores Used in biological warfare Chapter 5 - The Microbial World

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14. Bacteria “ Extreme” Bacteria – Domain of Archae Live near hydrothermal vents 250F, sulfur springs, saline lakes, acid locations. Extremophiles = “lover of extremes” Chemosynthesis not photosynthesis Use Sulfate or Methane as energy source to make “food” for themselves since they are autotrophs (self feeders) Chapter 5 - The Microbial World

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19. Binomial nomenclature: Genus & Species