DL Europa mission is to provide the best solutions for all our customers. We know the importance of the sustainable business and the quality of products.
DL Europa mission is to provide the best solutions for all our customers. We know the importance of the sustainable business and the quality of products.
BTech Electronics & Communication Engineering Project for Embedded Systems on Temperature Controlled Fan using ATMega8 Controller and LM35 Temperature Sensor.
The ATS circuit is used in any place or organization who have electricity problems and use multiple current sources for energy such as city power, Generator or Solar System, and the ATS circuit help them to switch automatically between electricity power sources when one is gone
The vital importance of this lesson is that it will allow you to acquire a basic level of appreciation and knowledge of the techniques used by the utility company to measure the amount of energy used within the household. After this presentation, you should be able to read your own meter to calculate your energy bill.
Here is a circuit through which the
speed of a fan can be linearly controlled
automatically, depending
on the room temperature. The circuit is
highly efficient as it uses thyristors for
power control. Alternatively, the same
circuit can be used for automatic temperature
controlled AC power control.
In this circuit, the temperature sensor
used is an NTC thermistor, i.e. one having
a negative temperature coefficient. The
value of thermistor resistance at 25°C is
about 1 kilo-ohm.
Op-amp A1 essentially works as
I to V (current-to-voltage) converter
and converts temperature variations
into voltage variations. To amplify
the change in voltage due to change in
temperature, instrumentation amplifier
formed by op-amps A2, A3 and A4
is used. Resistor R2 and zener diode
D1 combination is used for generating
reference voltage as we want to amplify
only change in voltage due to the
change in temperature.
Op-amp μA741 (IC2) works as a
comparator. One input to the comparator
is the output from the instrumentation
amplifier while the other input
is the stepped down, rectified and
suitably attenuated sample of AC voltage.
This is a negative going pulsating
DC voltage. It will be observed that
with increase in temperature, pin 2 of
IC2 goes more and more negative and
hence the width of the positive going
output pulses (at pin 6) increases linearly
with the temperature. Thus IC2
functions as a pulse width modulator
in this circuit. The output from the
comparator is coupled to an optocoupler,
which in turn controls the AC
power delivered to fan (load).
The circuit has a high sensitivity and
the output RMS voltage (across load) can
be varied from 120V to 230V (for a temp.
range of 22°C to 36°C), and hence wide
variations in speed are available. Also
note that speed varies linearly and not
in steps. Besides, since an optocoupler is
used, the control circuit is fully isolated
from power circuit, thus providing added
safety. Note that for any given temperature
the speed of fan (i.e. voltage across
load) can be adjusted to a desired value
by adjusting potmeters VR1 and VR2
appropriately.
Potmeter VR1 should he initially kept
in its mid position to realise a gain of approximately
40 from the instrumentation
amplifier. It may be subsequently trimmed
slightly to obtain linear variation of the
fan speed.
Modeling control of automatic voltage regulator with proportional integral de...eSAT Journals
Abstract The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) cannot respond generator output voltage quickly resulting in drop voltage and can be affected to the electrical system. AVR controller simulation model created in power system based on real data from National Electricity Company (PLN) ( Tello Power Plant Makassar case). AVR controller response time under normal conditions has the oscillation time of about 9 seconds and response time when loaded is about 15 seconds. Resulting unstable voltage in the system follows load changes. With the addition of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers acquired a controlling response time to changing loads faster and system voltage will change the voltage stability limit of ± 5% of nominal voltage. AVR controller with PID is very suitable for controlling the voltage of power generation system due to changes in load. Key Words: Automatic Voltage Regulator, Proportional Integral Derivative
Explain about 3 Basic Types of Energy Meters? Watt hour meter or energy meter is an instrument which measures amount of electrical energy used by the consumers. ... Electromechanical induction type Energy meter.
BTech Electronics & Communication Engineering Project for Embedded Systems on Temperature Controlled Fan using ATMega8 Controller and LM35 Temperature Sensor.
The ATS circuit is used in any place or organization who have electricity problems and use multiple current sources for energy such as city power, Generator or Solar System, and the ATS circuit help them to switch automatically between electricity power sources when one is gone
The vital importance of this lesson is that it will allow you to acquire a basic level of appreciation and knowledge of the techniques used by the utility company to measure the amount of energy used within the household. After this presentation, you should be able to read your own meter to calculate your energy bill.
Here is a circuit through which the
speed of a fan can be linearly controlled
automatically, depending
on the room temperature. The circuit is
highly efficient as it uses thyristors for
power control. Alternatively, the same
circuit can be used for automatic temperature
controlled AC power control.
In this circuit, the temperature sensor
used is an NTC thermistor, i.e. one having
a negative temperature coefficient. The
value of thermistor resistance at 25°C is
about 1 kilo-ohm.
Op-amp A1 essentially works as
I to V (current-to-voltage) converter
and converts temperature variations
into voltage variations. To amplify
the change in voltage due to change in
temperature, instrumentation amplifier
formed by op-amps A2, A3 and A4
is used. Resistor R2 and zener diode
D1 combination is used for generating
reference voltage as we want to amplify
only change in voltage due to the
change in temperature.
Op-amp μA741 (IC2) works as a
comparator. One input to the comparator
is the output from the instrumentation
amplifier while the other input
is the stepped down, rectified and
suitably attenuated sample of AC voltage.
This is a negative going pulsating
DC voltage. It will be observed that
with increase in temperature, pin 2 of
IC2 goes more and more negative and
hence the width of the positive going
output pulses (at pin 6) increases linearly
with the temperature. Thus IC2
functions as a pulse width modulator
in this circuit. The output from the
comparator is coupled to an optocoupler,
which in turn controls the AC
power delivered to fan (load).
The circuit has a high sensitivity and
the output RMS voltage (across load) can
be varied from 120V to 230V (for a temp.
range of 22°C to 36°C), and hence wide
variations in speed are available. Also
note that speed varies linearly and not
in steps. Besides, since an optocoupler is
used, the control circuit is fully isolated
from power circuit, thus providing added
safety. Note that for any given temperature
the speed of fan (i.e. voltage across
load) can be adjusted to a desired value
by adjusting potmeters VR1 and VR2
appropriately.
Potmeter VR1 should he initially kept
in its mid position to realise a gain of approximately
40 from the instrumentation
amplifier. It may be subsequently trimmed
slightly to obtain linear variation of the
fan speed.
Modeling control of automatic voltage regulator with proportional integral de...eSAT Journals
Abstract The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) cannot respond generator output voltage quickly resulting in drop voltage and can be affected to the electrical system. AVR controller simulation model created in power system based on real data from National Electricity Company (PLN) ( Tello Power Plant Makassar case). AVR controller response time under normal conditions has the oscillation time of about 9 seconds and response time when loaded is about 15 seconds. Resulting unstable voltage in the system follows load changes. With the addition of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers acquired a controlling response time to changing loads faster and system voltage will change the voltage stability limit of ± 5% of nominal voltage. AVR controller with PID is very suitable for controlling the voltage of power generation system due to changes in load. Key Words: Automatic Voltage Regulator, Proportional Integral Derivative
Explain about 3 Basic Types of Energy Meters? Watt hour meter or energy meter is an instrument which measures amount of electrical energy used by the consumers. ... Electromechanical induction type Energy meter.
A votre avis que vont apporter les élections de 2014lesoirbe
Si l’on en croit les 2.307 Belges sondés par Ipsos pour le Grand baromètre Le Soir/RTL, les élections de 2014 n’apporteront rien de bon. Tous les résultats du sondage.
Mitigating The Power Fluctuation Of PMSG Wind Turbine In A Microgrid By Optim...IJTET Journal
Abstract— The major problem of PMSG wind turbine are power fluctuation. And this problem is overcome by new optimization technique and circuit model of the Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) with Fault Current Limiter (FCL) in a micro grid. Normally, SMES-FCL circuit which contain superconducting coil. In case of without fault condition, SMES-FCL act as the SMES unit to mitigate the power fluctuation of PMSG. Under fault condition, the SC is automatically connected to the system and it can be used as FCL to reduce the fault current. Then, the voltage drop of PMSG and fault current unit will be mitigated. By the energy function method is used to determine the optimal problem. Finally, this MATLAB result shows the superior control effect compare to the conventional method.
Design topology of a remote-controlled bi-directional rotation of an A.C. fan...IJECEIAES
The use of remote control for alternating current fans in homes/offices is one of the applications of electronics that enhances human comfort. It should therefore not be seen as luxury, rather, it should be taken as a basic requirement of life. In this study, the bi-directional rotation and speed control of ac fan was achieved using ardiuno microcontroller and tuned capacitors circuits. The use of the new state-of- the art technique in this work is significant because it helped in over-coming the drawbacks associated with the use of inductive, resistive and phase angle controlled regulators. The significance of this study will be of great benefit to physically challenged and aged persons who need to have their comforts in their various places of sitting. The designed topology of the work was executed and achieved. Reliability test carried out on the finished work showed better efficiency.
Temperature based fan speed control & monitoring usingJagannath Dutta
Our object of making this project is for reducing the power consumption. And also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.
Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG with T-Source Three Phase Matrix Con...IJTET Journal
This paper presents an analysis of a PMSG wind power system using T-Sourcethree phase matrix converter. PMSG using T-Source three phase matrix converterhas advantages that it can provide any desired AC output voltage regardless of DC input with regulation in shoot-through time. In this control system T-Source capacitor voltage can be kept stable with variations in the shoot-through time, maximum power from the wind turbine to be delivered. Inaddition, of a new future, the converter employs a safe-commutation strategy toconduct along a continuous current flow, which results in theelimination of voltage spikes on switches without the need for a snubber circuit. With the use of matrix converter the surely need forrectifier circuit and passive components to store energy arereduced. The MATLAB/Simulinkmodel of the overall system is carried out and theoretical wind energy conversion output load voltage calculations are madeand feasibility of the new topology has been verified and that theconverter can produce an output voltage and output current. This proposed method has greater efficiency and lower cost.
Fuzzy logic Control & Minimizing Commutation Torque Ripple for Brushless DC M...Editor IJMTER
Brushless dc motor still suffers from commutation torque ripple, which mainly depends
on speed and transient line current in the commutation interval. This paper presents a novel circuit
topology and a dc link voltage control strategy to keep incoming and outgoing phase currents
changing at the same rate during commutation. A dc–dc single-ended primary inductor converter
(SEPIC) and a switch selection circuit are employed in front of the inverter. The desired
commutation voltage is accomplished by the SEPIC converter. The dc link voltage control strategy is
carried out by the switch selection circuit to separate two procedures, adjusting the SEPIC converter
and regulating speed. The cause of commutation ripple is analyzed, and the way to obtain the desired
dc link voltage is introduced in detail. Finally, simulation and experimental results show that,
compared with the dc–dc converter, the proposed method can obtain the desired voltage much faster
and minimize commutation torque ripple more efficiently at both high and low speeds and the closed
loop control is achieved by Fuzzy logic control.
The DC motor is operated by a 555 integrated circuit. The IC 555 in this circuit is being operated in astable mode, which produces a continuous HIGH and LOW pulses. In this mode, the 555 IC can be used as a pulse width modulator with a few small adjustments to the circuit.
Similar to Automatic temperature based exhaust fan controller (20)
Automatic temperature based exhaust fan controller
1. AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE BASED EXHAUST FAN
CONTROLLER
ABSTRACT
Saving of power is the main important criteria in the present world. In this project we are
going to design the circuit to control the exhaust fan speed automatically according to the
temperature in the room. Fan speed control is based on adjusting the voltage which gets to the
fan. Fan speed control has been possible for many decades by using adjustable power
resistors and adjustable transformers. Those methods have been used in movie theatres,
houses and other public places. The problem of those controlling methods have been that they
are big, expensive, have poor efficiency and they are hard to control from remote location.
Electronics controlling also made possible to make them easily controllable from remote
location. Solid-state speed controlling work by varying the "duty cycle" (on/off time) of the
full AC voltage that is applied to the motor being controlled. For example, if the voltage is
applied for only half of each AC cycle, the speed of motor will appear to be much less than
when it get the full AC voltage, because it gets less power.
A TRIAC is a 3 terminal ac semiconductor switch which is triggered ON when a low energy
signal is applied to its Gate. Switching is fast. The low energy of switching means that a wide
range of low cost control circuits can be used, for example, optically coupled switches. Since
the TRIAC is bilateral (2 SCR's connected in opposite directions) the terms anode and
cathode have no meaning. So the terms Main Terminal 1 and 2 (MT1, MT2) are used. It is
standard to use MT1 as a reference point. The circuit controls the average power to a load
through the TRIAC by phase control. The AC supply is applied to the load for only a
controlled fraction of each cycle. The TRIAC is held in an OFF condition for a portion of its
cycle then is triggered ON at a time determined by the circuit.
2. In this project the motor speed will vary according to the room temperature. That means
motor will rotate very slowly when the temperature is low and speed will increase as the
temperature is increases. For sensing the temperature we are going to use thermistor. The
output of thermistor is in the form of analog and that is given to ADC to convert it into digital
form. The output of ADC is given to microcontroller and controller will set the firing angle
depending on this digital value.
BLOCK DIAGRAM