This document discusses different types of energy meters. It introduces energy meters as devices that measure the amount of electrical energy consumed by homes, industries, and commercial buildings. It describes electromechanical induction meters, which use a metal disc that revolves in a magnetic field, with a counting mechanism to record rotations corresponding to units of energy used. Electronic energy meters display energy usage digitally and can measure usage in peak vs. off-peak hours. Smart energy meters provide real-time usage data and accurate billing by communicating readings remotely. Tampering is a major concern as meters can be manipulated to under-register energy usage, resulting in lost revenue.

1. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
MEASUREMENTS
Submitted by:
Akkahshh Agarwaal 204115
Sumit Ahirekar 204116
Anirudhda Deore 204118
ENERGY METER

2. INTRODUCTION
 Energy meter (watt-hour meter)
 Measure amount of electrical energy used by consumers
 Lights, fans, refrigerator and other appliances
 Homes, industries, commercial buildings
 One kilowatt in one hour (1kW-hr)  one unit of energy
 Measures instantaneous voltage and current, calculates it’s product and
gives instantaneous power.
 Integrated over a period of time and gives energy utilized over that
time.
Energy = Power x Time
1 kW-h = 1 kilowatt x 1 hour

3. TYPES OF
METERS
Electromechanical
Induction Type
Electronic Energy
Meter
Digital
Analog
Smart Energy
Meters

4. ELECTROMECHANICAL TYPE
INDUCTION METER
 Non-magnetic and electrically conductive
aluminium metal disc-revolve in magnetic
field
 Placed between the pressure coil and the
current coil
 Interaction between fields produced
causes eddy currents to flow and hence a
force is exerted on the disc
 Breaking magnet-opposes the movement
of the disc and stops the disc at power off
 Counting mechanism – record no. of
rotations
 Reading (kWh) = No. of rotations x meter
constant

6. ELECTRONIC ENERGY METER
 Show energy usage on LCD/LED display
 Record the amount of usage energy in on-peak and off-
peak hours
 Reactive power used, instantaneous rate of usage
demand, power factor, maximum demand, etc.

7. SMART ENERGY METERS
 Smart meters measure how much
electricity you are using, as well as what
it’s costing you, and display this on a
handy in-home display
 Accurate, not estimated bills
 Features –
 how much energy you are using in real
time
 How much energy was used in the last
hour, week and month
 High, medium or low usage

8. TAMPERING & SECURITY
 Major concern for agencies
 Can be manipulated (stop, under-register)
 Remote-reporting meters
 Common method – attach magnets outside the meter. These magnets
prevent the AC from forming eddy currents in the rotor
 Use of combination of some capacitive and inductive load result in
reduction of rotor speed
 Large portion of country’s revenue is lost – very important to detect
tampering