The document describes an automatic collision control system created by students to prevent railway accidents. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller and ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles on the tracks. When an obstacle is detected within 20cm, an alarm is activated to alert passengers. If an obstacle is within 10cm, the train engine will shut off to prevent a collision. When the tracks are clear again, the train will restart automatically. The system is intended to significantly reduce the number of railway accidents and loss of life in India each year.

1. Automatic Collision
Control System
Netaji Subhash Engineering College
3rd
Year/Electronics and Communication Engineering
Group MemberDetails:
Name Class Roll University Roll
Sankhadeep Rakshit 125 10900314129
Jakir Hossain Molla 40 10900313040
Subrata Bairagi 126 10900314133
Sudipto Ghosh 124 10900314134
Deepjyoti Saha 120 10900314119

2. Overview:
Topic Page No.
 Acknowledgement 1
 Introduction 2
 Related Work 3
 Motivation 4
 Procedure 5-9
 Component Details 5
 Circuit Diagram 6
 Arduino Code 7-9
 Result & Analysis 10
 Conclusion 11
 Future Scope 12
 References 13

3. Acknowledgement
We extend our sincere gratitude towards Mr. Joy Dutta and Mr. Ujjal Sengupta
for giving us thein invaluable knowledge and wonderful technical guidance.
We express our thanks to all our faculty members of the Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Engineering of our College for their endless help and support.
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4. Introduction
The objective of our project is to prevent the railway accidents by using
Microcontroller based collision control system. As we know railway is a life line of
India and it’s being the cheapest mode of transportation are preferred over all
other means of transportation. When we go through the daily newspapers we
come across many accidents in railroad railings. Rail road related accidents are
more dangerous than other transportation accidents in terms of severity and death
rate etc. therefore more efforts are necessary for improving safety. Collisions with
train are generally catastrophic, in that the destructive forces of a train usually no
match for any other type of vehicle. Train collisions from a major catastrophe. As
they cause severe damage to life and property. Train collisions occur frequently
eluding all the latest technology.
The name of our project is Automatic Collision Control System, because it’s
made by using Arduino and Ultra Sonic Range Finderto prevent the collisions that
occur in Railway track.
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5. Related Works
In this project we made a device named Automatic Collision Control System. We
made this device by using an Arduino Uno and an Ultrasonic Range Finder and it
is mainly designed for preventing trains collisions only. In this project we also
used an alarm system which will make the train passengers and others alert
before the collision. In our prototype when the train comes within the 20cm of the
obstruction the alarm goes ON and when the distance between the train and the
obstruction in less than 10cm the train engine will be turned OFF. When the
obstruction will be moved the train will start automatically.
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6. Motivation
The project is designed to build an obstacle avoidance vehicle using
ultrasonic sensors for its movement. An Arduino Uno is used to achieve the
desired operation. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect any obstacle ahead
of it and sends a command to the Arduino.
Every year in India, around 40000 accident occurs. It’s a matter of huge life-
loss as well as financial loss. We can reduce this upto 60% using this
technique.
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7. Procedure
Components:
Sl. No. Name of the Components Specification
1 Arduino Uno
2 Ultrasonic Rage Sensor HC SR-04
3 Diode 1N4001
4 Transistor BC337
5 Resistor 330 ohm
6 Battery Operated Train 3V
7 LED 3V
8 Battery 9V
5

8. Circuit Diagram:
6

9. Arduino Code:
/*
HC-SR04 Ping distance sensor:
VCC to arduino 5v
GND to arduino GND
Echo to Arduino pin 7
Trig to Arduino pin 8
*/
#define echoPin 7 // Echo Pin
#define trigPin 8 // Trigger Pin
#define servoPin 2 // Onboard Servo
#define buzzerPin 4 // Onboard Buzzer
int maximumRange = 30; // Maximum range needed
int minimumRange = 10; // Minimum range needed
long duration, distance; // Duration used to calculate distance
void setup() {
Serial.begin (9600);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(servoPin, OUTPUT); // Use Servo Motor
pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT); // Use Buzzer
}
void loop() { 7

10. /* The following trigPin/echoPin cycle is used to determine the
distance of the nearest object by bouncing soundwaves off of it. */
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
//Calculate the distance (in cm) based on the speed of sound.
distance = duration/58.2;
if (distance <= maximumRange){
/* Send a negative number to computer and Turn Buzzer ON
to indicate "out of range" */
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH);
}
else {
/* Send the distance to the computer using Serial protocol, and
turn Buzzer OFF to indicate successful reading. */
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);
}
if (distance <= minimumRange){
/* Send a negative number to computer and Turn Servo OFF
to indicate "out of range" */
digitalWrite(servoPin, LOW); 8

11. }
else {
/* Send the distance to the computer using Serial protocol, and
turn Servo ON to indicate successful reading. */
digitalWrite(servoPin, HIGH);
//Delay 50ms before next reading.
delay(50);
}
}
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12. Result & Analysis
We made the circuit and connected a 9v supply from a battery to the Vin of the
Arduino board. We uploaded the code via USB.Now when an obstacle comes
within 20cm of the train, the echo pin of the ultrasonic sensor is high and its gives
5v input to the Arduino UNO board. The LED turns ON to alert. When the obstacle
is within 10cm, the pin2 of Arduino board does not give any output and the motor
of the train stops working. When we remove the obstacle the pin2 is again high
and the motor is given 3.3v from the Arduino board, so the train will starts
moving.
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13. Conclusion
After a long discuss between all group members we have decided this topic as
our project, because it has practical life benefits and the idea is innovative. At the
time of doing this project we face some minor and common problems like,
transistor burn, errors in coding, faults in circuit etc. But finally we together
overcome all the problems and completed the project successfully and the device
is also running nearly accurately as we expected.
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14. Future Scope
We made this device for trains only, but it is true that the accident occurs on
roads more than tracks. So it will be also very useful device if it can be used in
personal vehicles like cars and public vehicles like bus etc. But before doing this
we have to make some minor changes in it like it should be handier and
compact, and it should be used on each and every car. Otherwise this whole
project will not be 100% successful.
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15. References
Websites:
1. http://www.instructable.com
2. http://www.arduino.cc
3. http://www.youtube.com
Books:
1. Beginning Arduino By Michel McRobert
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