experimental study on autoclaved aerated concrete.

1. Experimental Study on
foam concrete(Autoclaved Aerated concrete)
PRESENTED BY
S.ANJU-962213103009
A.ASHA-962213103019
K.V.NARMADHA-962213103040
J.SHARLIN SABITHA-962213103050
Guided by : Mr.M.Inigo Valan M.E
(Asst prof Department Of Civil Engineering,
SXCCE,NAGERCOIL,TAMILNADU.)

2.  Foam concrete is a aerated light weight concrete. Foam concrete does not
contain any coarse aggregate.
 Foam concrete is otherwise known as cellular concrete.
 Light weight concrete or foamed concrete consists of a cement based mortar
mixed with atleast 20% of volume air.
 It possess high flow ability,low self weight, minimal consumption of aggregate,
controlled low strength and excellent thermal insulation property.
 It can have a range of dry densities, typically from 400kg/m3 to 1600kg/m3 and
a range of compressive strengths, 1Mpa to 15 Mpa.
Introduction

3. To study and experimentally investigate the
characteristics of autoclaved aerated foam concrete
by adding aluminium metal powder as the foaming
agent to the concrete.
Aim

4.  To determine the mechanical properties of materials used.
To determine the strength characteristics of foam concrete by
adding aluminium metal powder.
To reduce the weight of the concrete.
To carry out different testes on normal concrete and foam
concrete and compare their results.
Objectives of the project

5. LITERATURE REVIEW
COLLECTION OF MATERIALS
TESTING OF MATERIALS
MIX BY USING TRIALAND
ERROR METHOD
CURING OF CONCRETE
RESULT , CONCLUSION
TESTING OF HARDENED CONCRETE
CASTING OF SPECIMENS
Methodology

6. Cement (OPC 53 grade)
Aluminium metal powder
Fine Aggregate(River sand)
Water
COLLECTIONOF MATERIALS

7. Faster setting
Attains maximum strength between 28 days
2-3% costlier compared to 43 grade OPC cement
Birla,ultratech,Ramco,Dalmia,elephant are some of the available brands
in India
IS 8112 is used for OPC 53 grade cement
Compressive strength is higher than OPC 43 grade cement
3days 27Mpa
7 days 37Mpa
28days 53Mpa
Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC 53 grade)

8. Aluminium metal powder is used as a foaming agent in AAC production.
When aluminium is added (usually at about 0.5% to 1.5% by dry weight of
cement )to the mixing ingredients , it reacts with hydroxide of calcium or alkali
which liberates hydrogen gas and forms bubbles.
 2Al+3Ca(OH)2+6H2O → 3CaO.Al2O3.6H2O+3H2
Aluminium is available in various forms. Here aluminium powder is used.
The atomic weight of aluminium powder is 26.98.
Aluminiummetal powder

9. Testing of materials

10. Description Sample
Wt of empty pycnometer(gm) 640
Wt of pycnometer +Cement(gm) 940
Wt of pycnometer +kerosene+Cement(gm) 1594
Wt of pycnometer +kerosene(gm) 1335
Specific gravity 3.15
Specific gravity test for cement
Result: Specific gravity of cement is 3.15
GS =
W1-Empty wt of pycnometer
W2-Wt of pycnometer + cement
W3- Wt of pycnometer + cement + kerosene
W4- Wt of pycnometer + kerosene
(𝑊2−𝑊1)
(𝑊2−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊4)∗0.79

11. Fineness of cement calculation
Weight of sample taken = 100 g
Weight of cement retained on 90 µ sieve = 5 g
Fineness of cement =
= (5/100) x 100
= 5%
Fineness of cement
Result : Fineness of cement is 5%
% of sample retained
original weight
x 100

12. Weight of cement taken = 400gm
Quantity of water taken for 28% = (28/100) x 400 = 112gm
Quantity of water taken for 30% = (30/100) x 400 = 120gm
Quantity of water taken for 32% = (32/100) x 400 = 128gm
Quantity of water taken for 34% = (34/100) x 400 = 136gm
Standard consistency =
Trial No Quantity of water
(%)
Quantity of water added(gm) Penetration of plunger(mm)
1 28 112.0 8
2 30 120.0 21
3 32 128.0 32
4 34 136.0 35
Result
The plunger penetration for various quantities of water added is shown in the table
The percentage of water required for obtaining cement paste of standard consistency is
34%
Consistencyof cement
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑤𝑡.𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
× 100

13. Sl no W1 in gm W2 in gm W3 in gm W4 in gm GS =
1 640 945 1655 1460 2.7
W1-Empty wt of pycnometer
W2-Wt of pycnometer + oven dry sand
W3- Wt of pycnometer + oven dry sand + water
W4- Wt of pycnometer + water
Result
The specific gravity of fine aggregate is 2.7
Fine Aggregate
𝑊2 − 𝑊1
𝑊2 − 𝑊1 − (𝑊3 − 𝑊4)
Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate
Gs=
𝑊2−𝑊1
𝑊2−𝑊1 −(𝑊3−𝑊4)

14. Sieve Analysis Test For FineAggregate
Result: Fineness modulus of FA is 3.39 (zone II of classification IS 2386 part1).
Sl
No
IS sieve
size (mm)
Weight
Retained
(gm)
Cumulative
weight (gm)
Cumulative %
retained
Cumulative %
passing
1 4.75 35 35 3.5 96.5
2 2.36 25 60 6 94
3 1.18 135 195 19.5 80.5
4 0.600 394 585 58.5 41.5
5 0.300 230 815 81.5 18.5
6 0.150 140 955 95.5 4.5
7 0.075 5 960 96 4
8 Pan 40 1000 100 0

15. Moisture contenttest for fine aggregate
Empty weight of dish =15gms
Weight of sand +dish =75gms
After one day,
Oven dry weight of sample = 72gms
Moisture content of FA =
𝑊𝑒𝑡−𝐷𝑟𝑦
𝐷𝑟𝑦
x100
=
75−73
73
x100
=2.74%

16. Material test results
Cement(OPC 53 grade)
Specific gravity-3.15
Fineness of cement - 5%
consistency of cement - 34%
Fine aggregate
Specific gravity -2.7
Sieve analysis -Fineness modulus 3.39( belong to zoneII conforming Table 4 IS
383)
Moisture content -2.74%

17. MIX RATIO(TRIAL ANDERROR):
Trial 1:
Cement : Sand-1:1
 M1- Al powder -0.5% by weight of cement .
 M2-Al powder -1% by weight of cement.
 M3-Al powder -1.5% by weight of cement.
Trial 2:
Cement : Sand-1:2
 M4- Al powder -0.5% by weight of cement .
 M5-Al powder -1% by weight of cement.
 M6-Al powder -1.5% by weight of cement

18. TESTS AND RESULTS

19. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT 14 DAYS
Mix
% of Al
powder
(by weight of
cement)
Load(KN) Avg.
compressive
strength
(N/mm2
)
Cube 1 Cube 2 Cube 3
Normal mix 0% 220 235 215 22.33
C:S=1:1 1.5% 50 55 55 5.33
1% 45 50 70 5.5
0.5% 95 80 100 9.16
C:S=1:2 1.5% 80 85 70 4.83
1% 65 60 70 6.5
0.5% 130 125 105 12

20. Compressive strength at 28 days
Mix
% of Al
powder
(by weight of
cement)
Load(KN) Avg.
compressive
strength
(N/mm2
)
Cube 1 Cube 2 Cube 3
Normal mix 0% 235 255 250 24.67
C:S=1:1 1.5% 60 75 65 6.67
1% 85 90 95 9
0.5% 95 90 100 10
C:S=1:2 1.5% 50 55 65 5.67
1% 70 85 80 7.83
0.5% 175 125 150 15

21. Compressive strength at 48 days
Mix
% of Al
powder
(by weight of
cement)
Load(KN) Avg.
compressive
strength
(N/mm2
)Cube 1 Cube 2 Cube 3
Normal mix 0% 290 300 275 28.8
C:S=1:1 1.5% 65 75 70 7
1% 95 90 95 9.33
0.5% 105 115 100 10.6
C:S=1:2 1.5% 85 85 75 8.16
1% 70 75 80 7.56
0.5% 170 155 180 16.83

22. Compressive strength FOR C:S=1:1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
NM 1.5% Al 1% Al 0.5% Al
Compressivestrength
(N/mm2)
Type of mix
C:S=1:1
14 days
28 days
48 days

23. Compressive strength FOR C:S=1:2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
NM 1.5% Al 1% Al 0.5% Al
Compressivestrength
(N/mm2)
Type of mix
C:S=1:2
14 days
28 days
48 days

25. Split tensile strength at 14 days
Mix
% of Al powder
(by weight of
cement)
Load(KN) Avg. split tensile
strength (N/mm2)
Cylinder1 Cylinder2
Normal mix 0% 75 80 2.46
C:S=1:1 1.5% 35 30 1.03
1% 50 45 1.51
0.5% 50 55 1.67
C:S=1:2 1.5% 35 35 1.19
1% 55 50 1.67
0.5% 60 65 1.98

26. Split tensile strength at 28 days
Mix %of Al powder
(by weight of
cement)
Load (KN) Avg.split tensile
strength (N/mm2)
Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2
Normal mix 0% 85 80 2.62
C:S=1:1 1.5% 35 40 1.11
1% 45 55 1.59
0.5% 55 65 1.91
C:S=1:2 1.5% 40 40 1.27
1% 65 50 1.83
0.5% 65 70 2.15

27. spliT tensile strength FOR C:S=1:1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
NM 1.5% Al 1% Al 0.5% Al
Compressivestrength
(N/mm2)
Type of mix
C:S=1:1
14 days
28 days

28. Split tensile strength FOR C:S=1:2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
NM 1.5% Al 1% Al 0.5% Al
Compressivestrength
(N/mm2)
Type of mix
C:S=1:2
14 days
28 days

30. Mix % of Al
powder
Initial ht
(cm)
Final ht
(cm)
Initial
volume
(cm3)
Final
volume
(cm3)
Volume
increase
(%)
Normal
concrete
0 _ _ _ _ _
C:S
1:1
0.5 % 12 13.6 942.47 1068.14 13.33
1 % 11 13.3 863.9 1044.5 20
1.5% 12.5 16.6 981.74 1303.76 32.8
C:S
1:2
0.5% 17 18.7 1335.17 1468.6 10
1% 15.2 17.4 1193.8 1366.59 14.55
1.5% 12 14.9 942.47 1170.29 24
VOLUMEINCREASE TEST

31. VOLUME INCREASE TEST
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0% Al 0.5% Al 1% Al 1.5% Al
%ofvolume
increase
Type of mix
C:S=1:1
C:S=1:2

33. DRY DENSITY CALCULATION at 28 days
Mix % of Al
powder
Dry
weight
(Kg)
Volume
(m3)
Dry
density
(Kg/m3)
NM 0% 2.4 10-3 2400
C:S=1:1 0.5% 1.7 10-3 1700
1% 1.375 10-3 1375
1.5% 1.14 10-3 1140
C:S=1:2 0.5% 1.82 10-3 1820
1% 1.64 10-3 1640
1.5% 1.55 10-3 1550

34. DRY DENSITY CALCULATION at 28 days
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
NM 0.5% Al 1% Al 1.5% Al
Drydensity
(Kg/m3)
Type of mix
C:S=1:1
C:S=1:2

35. WATERABSORPTIONTESTRESULTS
Mix
% of Al
powder (by
dry weight of
cement)
Dry weight
(Kg)
Wet weight
(Kg)
Water absorption
=
𝑾𝒆𝒕−𝑫𝒓𝒚
𝑫𝒓𝒚
𝟏𝟎𝟎
(%)
NM 0% 2.4 2.595 7.51
C:S=1:1 0.5% 1.785 2.005 10.97
1% 1.375 1.595 13.79
1.5% 1.14 1.38 17.39
C:S=1:2 0.5% 1.82 1.975 8.51
1% 1.525 1.68 10.16
1.5% 1.55 1.755 13.22

36. WATER ABSORPTIONTEST RESULTS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
NM 0.5% Al 1% Al 1.5% Al
%ofwater
absorption
Type of mix
C:S=1:1
C:S=1:2

37. CONCLUSION
• The compressive strength is high at C:S ratio1:2 and % of Al powder 0.5%
at 28 days curing.
• The split tensile strength is high at C:S ratio 1:2 and % Al powder 0.5% at
28 days curing.
• The limited volume increase for concrete should be within 10%.
• The maximum dry density of foam concrete that we have got is
1820Kg/m3
• The maximum limit for water absorption should be within 5% as the
strength will be decreasing when the water absorption exceeds the limit.
• We conclude that the perfect mix ratio for foam concrete is C:S ratio 1:2
and the % of aluminium powder to be added is 0.5% by weight of cement.

38. reference
• Ali.J.Hamad, “Materials,Production,Properties and Applocation of Aerated
Lightweight Concrete” International journal of materials science and
engineering,Vol.08.No.2, December, 2014.
• Alonge.O.Richard, MahyuddinRamli, “'Experimental produvtion of sustainable
light weight concrete” British journal of applied science and
technology,3(4):994-1005,2013.
• Ashish S.MOOn, Dr.Valsson Varghese, S.S.Waghmare, “Foam concrete can be
used for sustainable construction as a building material” IJSRD,Vol 3, Issue
02,2015.
• B. Karthikeyan, R.Selvaraj, S.Saravanan, “Mechanical properties of foam
concrete” International journal of Earth sciences and engineering,Vol.08.No.2
April, 2015.
• Indhu Susan Raj, Dr.Elson John, “A Stuy on the Properties of Air- Entrained
Concrete for Masonry Blocks”, International Journal of Scientific Engineering
and Technology, Vol 3, Issue 11, pp:1367-1370.

39. THANK YOU