Downloaded 11 times
![٧٣
Analyzing internal islands...
Select internal point:
BOUNDARY created 1 polyline
boundary
region
explode
Text
Draw | text | multi line text or single line text
draw bar
multi line text
Command: _mtext Current text style: STANDARD. Text height: 2.5
Specify first corner:
Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Rotation/Style/Width]:
multi line
text editor
bold
proprieties
properties](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/autocad2008byqasim-230105075319-08c90c19/85/Autocad-2008-Kurdish-73-320.jpg)
![٨١
Enter a copy mode option [Single/Multiple] <current>: Enter s
or m
Select objects: Use an object selection method and press
ENTER when you finish
Current settings: Copy mode = current
Specify base point or
[Displacement/mode/Multiple]<Displacement>: Specify a base
point or enter an option
Mirror
mirror
modify –mirror
mirror
Creates a mirror image copy of objects
Toolbar: Modify
Menu: Modify Mirror
Command entry: mirror
Select objects: Use an object selection method and press
ENTER to finish
Specify first point of mirror line: Specify a point
Specify second point of mirror line: Specify a point
١
٢](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/autocad2008byqasim-230105075319-08c90c19/85/Autocad-2008-Kurdish-81-320.jpg)
![٨٢
The two specified points become the endpoints of a line about
which the selected objects are mirrored. For mirroring in 3D,
this line defines a mirroring plane perpendicular to the XY plane
of the user coordinate system (UCS) containing the mirror line.
Erase source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Enter y or n, or press
ENTER
Yes Places the mirrored image into the drawing and erases the
original objects.
No Places the mirrored image into the drawing and retains the
original objects.
NoteBy default, when you mirror a text object, the direction of
system variable to 1
MIRRTEXT
the text is not changed. Set the
if you do want the text to be reversed.
Offset
Offset an object to create a new object whose shape parallels
the shape of the original object
Creates concentric circles, parallel lines, and parallel curves
modify
Offset
modify
offset](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/autocad2008byqasim-230105075319-08c90c19/85/Autocad-2008-Kurdish-82-320.jpg)
![٨٣
offset
Toolbar: Modify
Menu: Modify Offset
Command entry: offset
Current settings: Erase source = current Layer = current
OFFSETGAPTYPE = current
]
Layer
/
Erase
/
Through
or [
tance
offset dis
Specify
<current>:Specify a distance, enter an
option, or press ENTER
Offset distance
Creates an object at a specified distance from an existing
object.
offset
Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo]<exit>: Select one object,
enter an option, or press ENTER to end the command
Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <exit or
next object>: Specify a point (1) on the side of the object you
want to offset or enter an option
Exit
Exits the OFFSET command.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/autocad2008byqasim-230105075319-08c90c19/85/Autocad-2008-Kurdish-83-320.jpg)
![٨٤
Multiple
multiple
Multiple
Enters the Multiple offset mode, which repeats the offset
operation using the current offset distance.
Undo
Reverses the previous offset.
Through
Through
Creates an object passing through a specified point.
Select object to offset or <exit>: Select one object or press
ENTER to end the command
NoteFor best results when you offset a polyline with corners,
specify the through point near the midpoint of a line segment,
not near a corner.
Specify through point or [Exit/Multiple/Undo]<exit or next
object>: Specify a point (1) through which you want the offset
object to pass or enter a distance
Exit
Exits the OFFSET command.
Multiple
Enters the Multiple offset mode, which repeats the offset
operation and accepts additional through points.
Undo
Reverses the previous offset.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/autocad2008byqasim-230105075319-08c90c19/85/Autocad-2008-Kurdish-84-320.jpg)
![٨٥
Erase
Erase
Erases the source object after it is offset.
Erase source object after offsetting? [Yes/No]<current>: Enter
y or n
Layer
Layer
Determines whether offset objects are created on the current
layer or on the layer of the source object.
Enter layer option for offset objects
[Current/Source]<current>: Enter an option
OFFSET creates a new object whose shape parallels the shape
of a selected object. Offsetting a circle or an arc creates a
larger or smaller circle or arc, depending on which side you
specify for the offset.
A highly effective drawing technique is to offset objects and
then trim or extend their ends.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/autocad2008byqasim-230105075319-08c90c19/85/Autocad-2008-Kurdish-85-320.jpg)
![٩٨
Move
modify
modify
move
-
Moves objects a specified distance in a specified direction
Toolbar: Modify
Menu: Modify Move
Shortcut menu: Select the objects to move, and right-click in
the drawing area. Click Move.
Command entry: move
Select objects: Use an object selection method and press
ENTER when you finish
Specify base point or [Displacement]<Displacement>: Specify
a base point or enter d
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>:
Specify a point or press ENTER
The two points you specify define a vector that indicates how
far the selected objects are to be moved and in what direction.
If you press ENTER at the Specify Second Point prompt, the
first point is interpreted as a relative X,Y,Z displacement. For
example, if you specify 2,3 for the base point and press ENTER
at the next prompt, the objects move 2 units in the X direction
and 3 units in the Y direction from their current position.
Displacement
Specify displacement <last value>: Enter coordinates to
represent a vector
The coordinate values that you enter specify a relative distance
and direction.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/autocad2008byqasim-230105075319-08c90c19/85/Autocad-2008-Kurdish-98-320.jpg)
Uploaded byBahzad5
Autocad 2008 Kurdish
1. The document provides instructions on how to install AutoCAD 2008 and describes its basic functions and tools. 2. It explains how to start a new file, set units and limits, use layers, add dimensions, and draw basic shapes like lines, circles, and rectangles. 3. The document also covers topics like zooming, panning, setting grid and snap settings, and using multilines, polygons, and other drawing tools in AutoCAD 2008.
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Autocad 2008 Kurdish
- 1.
- 2. ٢ 2008 AutoCAD 2008 ـطةـبواس ـيـالهندسـميمـالتص الكومبيوتر
- 3. ٣ ٢٠٠٨ AutoCAD ٢٠٠٨ instullation 2004 cd cd-key serialno. cd ١ - RUN Start | Run | Browse ٢ - BROWSE look in … … Select CD Drive | Select AutoCAD folder ٣ - open ok Select setup file | open | ok ٤ - … Follow the steps
- 4. ٤ ٥ - setup cdkey serial no. authorize AUTODESK cd key= W36H serial number = 117-99703105 Authentication Code = C3DF32EA ٢٠٠٨ AutoCAD ٢٠٠٨ instullation ٢٠٠٨ ٢٠٠٨ Processor Pentium III or IV (Pentium IV recommended) 800 Mhz RAM 512 MB (recommended) Graphics card 1024 x 768 VGA with True Color (minimum) Open GL®-compatible 3D video card (optional) Hard disk Installation 750 MB Pointing device Mouse, trackball, or other device CD-ROM Any speed (for installation only) Optional hardware Printer or plotter Digitizer
- 5. ٥ Modem or accessto an Internet connection Network interface card 3d ٢٠٠٨ ٢٠٠٨ Additional recommendations for 3D use Hardware/SoftwareRequirement Operating system XP Professional, Service Pack 2 ® Windows Processor 3.0 GHz or greater RAM 2 GB (or greater) Graphics card 128 MB or greater, OpenGL-capable workstation-class Hard disk 2 GB (in addition to the 750 MB required for installation) ٣١٩٠١٠٨ ٠٧٧٠١٩٢١٠٨٢ Email: qasm_computer2002@yahoo.com www.qasmcomputer.com ١ - ٢٠٠٨ ٢ ٢ - ms windows
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9. ٩ ١ - AutoCAD2008 ٢ - autodesk autocad2008 Start | Program| AutoCAD2008 | AutoCAD2008
- 10.
- 11. ١١ short menu ctrl menubox Ctrl menu box title bar short menu drawing windows … ٢ drawing windows board resolation
- 12.
- 13. ١٣ ٣ MENU BAR … file edit ,view , insert , format , tools , draw , dimension , modify , help … File … EDIT … VIEW … ٣ - Icon & Toobar … - standard toolbar open , new,save … Layers …
- 14.
- 15.
- 16. ١٦ - New … customize Deletete Larg button Shpw tooltip … ٥ comand bar … F2
- 17. ١٧ Command: circle enter 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>:Diameter/<Radius>: d Diameter: 45 d diameter 45 … ٤٥ circle c Command: c acad.pgp ٦ Status bar
- 18. ١٨ x , y 3d z grip,snap model ortho … ٦ - DashBar ٢٠٠٨ ٢٠٠٨ autodesk … … ٢٠٠٤ startup …
- 19. ١٩ Use Wizard Use Template StawrtFrom Scratch Open Adrawing Instruction Start from scratch.. … … ١ startup use from scratch ٢ meteric ٣ ok … ٤ … Unit ٥ format unit Unit control unit decimal unit scincitifc … precision
- 20. ٢٠ ٦ angle direction east … counter –clockwise Ok x y ٧ drwing limit format enter 420.000, 297.000 enter A4 Format | Drawing Limit Command: '_limits Reset Model space limits: ON/OFF/<Lower left corner> <0.0000,0.0000>: Upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000>: 297,210 ٨ … .dwg ٩ Drawing aids drawing aids Tools | Drawing aids
- 21. ٢١ … autocad 2008 drafting setting TOOLS- Drafing settings
- 22.
- 23. ٢٣ snap angle snap On X spacing= 10,00 Yspacing =10,00 Snap angle = 0 Xbase =0,00 Y base = 0,00 Grid … F7 drawing windows grid xspacing yspacing … snap angle Isometric snap / Grid left ١٥٠ ٩٠ top ١٥٠ ٣٠ ٩٠ ٣٠
- 24.
- 25. ٢٥ ١ - Quick Setup grid snap, unit Drawing limit use awizard quiclk setup -file | new | startup windows or startup | use a wizard | quick setup | ok -Select the unit measurment (decimal) | Area (297 X 210) | Done | done … ٢ - Advanced Setup Wizard Ok … next
- 26.
- 27. ٢٧ ٦ paper space next ٧ layout paper space yes No … paperspace drawing area model
- 28. ٢٨ Work in mylayout drawing while viewing the layout Working in my drawing without layout visible Working on the my layout on my drawing
- 29.
- 30.
- 31. ٣١ ١ - start from scratch ٢ - Dimenstion Liner radius … ٣ - Snap grid xspacing= 10 y spacing=10 ٢٠٠٨ new template
- 32.
- 33.
- 34.
- 35. ٣٥ Layer Layer Control current layer … … layer layerand line properities layer layer layer … new new wall neter … delete plumbing object properities line and layer new plumbing detail detail detail
- 36.
- 37. ٣٧ ١ - grid snap status bar ٢ - layer control wall ٣ - plumbing ٤ - Linetype linetype load ٤٣
- 38.
- 39. ٣٩ Lock / unlock … Color Name Freez/ Thaw in all view port model (paper) freeze view port thaw … view port view port paper modle TILE Model paper view port freez / thaw in current view port view port paper model …
- 40. ٤٠ Make object’s layercurrent.. Color control line type … line type line type control line type … Proparities … enter …
- 41. ٤١ properaties COLOR LINE TYPE LAYER PROPERATIES Command: ai_propchk Selectobjects: 1 found Enter Properaties COLOR , LINE TYPE , LAYER OK … … Scale 1:10 Start From scratch Startup Meteric … Grid , snap , ortho Status bar - Tools | drawing aid Grid =10 X, y - Format | uniit decimal | 0.00 - Dimenstion | liner - Dimenstion | radius - Boarder , hidden , center line Line type
- 42.
- 43. ٤٣ Coordinate Drawing Windows x y z z Line ١٠٠ ١٠٠ ٢٠٠ ٢٠٠ command bar Command: L LINEFrom point: 100,100 To point: 200,200 To point: Enter enter ١٠٠ ١٠٠ ١٠٠ ٤٥ @ < … poler anguler Command: l LINE From point: 100,100 To point: @200<0 To point: @100<90 To point: @100<-45 To point: @100<225 To point: @200<225 To point: c
- 44.
- 45.
- 46.
- 47.
- 48. ٤٨ Point Real time Arial view areilaview arial view drawing window Arial view drawing windows
- 49.
- 50. ٥٠ Command: _line Frompoint: <Snap on> To point: To point: enter … ortho Command: _line From point: To point: 100 To point: 40 To point: 100 … Command: l LINE From point: 10,10 To point: 100,100 To point: 200,100 To point: 200,100 Command: _line From point To point: 100<0 To point: 200<45 To point: 200<0 To point: 45<45 … < Command: L To point: @100<20 To point: @100<160 @ Command: L To point: @100,100
- 51. ٥١ To point: @100,50 Topoint: @100,-50 line Construction … Command: _xline Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset/<From point>: h H H … V Angle Command: _xline Hor/Ver/Ang/ Bisect/Offset/<From point>: a Reference/<Enter angle (45)>: 65 Through point: 10,10 Bisect … Command: _xline Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset/<From point>: b Angle vertex point: Angle start point: Angle end point: Offset XLINE Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset/<From point>: o Offset distance or Through <10.0000>: Select a line object: Side to offset?
- 52. ٥٢ Multiline Command: _mline Justification =Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = STANDARD Justification/Scale/STyle/<From point>: <To point>: Undo/<To point>: Close/Undo/<To point>: Close/Undo/<To point>: c from point point c j top bottom zero Justification = Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = STANDARD Justification/Scale/STyle/<From point>: j Top/Zero/Bottom <top>: t S scale … Justification/Scale/STyle/<From point>: s Set Mline scale <40.00>: 20
- 53. ٥٣ Justification = Top,Scale = 20.00, Style = STANDARD Style st st … Multi line style … format multiline style MLSTYLE … MULTILINE STYLES CURRENT NAME LOAD SAVE Add Rename Element properties Multi line properties Scale
- 54. ٥٤ … … Format | Multiline style command Command: MLSTYLE ١ - name Wall add ٢ - wall current name ٣ - element properties ٤ - offset=0.5 color ltype add 0 offset 0..2 … ٥ - color ٦ line type Load ok
- 55. ٥٥ multi line properties Displayjoint Caps Line start end Outer arc … Inner arc … Angle Fill on ok save wall acad.mln st … Command: ml MLINE Justification = Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = WALL Justification/Scale/STyle/<From point>: st Mstyle name (or ?): wall
- 56. ٥٦ Justification = Top,Scale = 20.00, Style = WALL - .mln - mlstyle Polyline Command: pl From point: Current line-width is 0.0000 Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: A arc a … arc Layer Offset =0 Joint Outer arc Line Angle =90 Fill = on
- 57. ٥٧ Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of arc>: H halfwidth Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: h Starting half-width <0.0000>: 10 Ending half-width <10.0000>: 40 width L length Polygon polygon draw Command: polygon Number of sides <3>: 8 Edge/<Center of polygon>: e First endpoint of edge: Second endpoint of edge:
- 58. ٥٨ E edge … … edge Command: _polygon Numberof sides <8>: 8 Edge/<Center of polygon>: Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle (I/C) <I>: i Radius of circle: 45 Command: POLYGON Number of sides <8>: 8 Edge/<Center of polygon>: Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle (I/C) <I>: c Radius of circle: 45 Edge/<Center of polygon>: 100,100
- 59.
- 60. ٦٠ C = Chamfer … c … … c Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: c Firstchamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>:10 Second chamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>:2 … ELEVATION E THICKNESS Z Z FILLET F Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: F Fillet radius for rectangles <0.0000>: 10
- 61. ٦١ Thickness T Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: T Thicknessfor rectangles <0.0000>: 10 ١٠ View 3DVIEW POINT SW isometric ١٠ Width w ١٠ ١٠ Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner>: w
- 62. ٦٢ Width for rectangles<0.0000>: 10 Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First corner < Other corner ARC Command: _arc Center/<Start point>: enter … Command: _arc Center/<Start point < Center/End/<Second point>: c Center Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: a Included angle: 45 C A 45 L Angle/Length of chord/<End point>: L
- 63. ٦٣ Length of chord:82 E arc e … Command: _arc Center/<Start point>: Center/End/<Second point>: e End point: Angle/Direction/Radius/<Center point>: Circle … Command: _circle 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: 3p First point Second point Third point
- 64. ٦٤ 2p 2p Command: _circle 3P/2P/TTR/<Centerpoint>: 2P First point on diameter Second point on diameter TTR ttr Command: _circle 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: TTR Enter Tangent spec: Enter second Tangent spec: Radius <48.1421>:
- 65. ٦٥ Ellipse … Command: _ellipse Arc/Center/<Axis endpoint1>: Axis endpoint 2: <Other axis distance>/Rotation: A A Command: _ellipse Arc/Center/<Axis endpoint 1>: A >Axis endpoint 1>/Center: C Center of ellipse Axis endpoint >Other axis distance>/Rotation
- 66. ٦٦ Parameter/<start angle < Parameter/Included/<endangle < C … R ROTATION <Axis endpoint 1>/Center: Axis endpoint 2: <Other axis distance>/Rotation: R Rotation around major axis Parameter/<start angle>: P
- 67. ٦٧ Block make block block name Selectobject … enter … ok select point
- 68. ٦٨ List block name … Insertblock insert Block ok … Command: _ddinsert Insertion point: X scale factor <1> / Corner / XYZ Y scale factor (default=X Rotation angle <0 < enter FILE FILE
- 69.
- 70. ٧٠ Select object enter hatch boundary view selection continue hatchboundary preview hatch ok apply inherit properties enter hatch boundary pick point select object apply Advanced Normal select Outer Ignore
- 71.
- 72. ٧٢ Select objects: 1found … polyline boundary boundary … polyline region pick point Command: BOUNDARY Select internal point: Selecting everything... Selecting everything visible... Analyzing the selected data...
- 73. ٧٣ Analyzing internal islands... Selectinternal point: BOUNDARY created 1 polyline boundary region explode Text Draw | text | multi line text or single line text draw bar multi line text Command: _mtext Current text style: STANDARD. Text height: 2.5 Specify first corner: Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Rotation/Style/Width]: multi line text editor bold proprieties properties
- 74. ٧٤ style Justification Tl Width Rotation Import text txt find replace … find Replacewith Match case Whole word single line text Command: _dtext Justify/Style/<Start point>: Point or option keyword required. Justify/Style/<Start point>: Height <2.5000>: Rotation angle <0>: Text: QASM Text: COMPUTER height drawing windows … enter
- 75. ٧٥ J justify Command: _dtext Justify/Style/<Startpoint>: J Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR: s style Command: _dtext Justify/Style/<Start point>: S Text style format text style new ok font name Height font Effect upside down Back ward Vertical
- 76. ٧٦ Oblique angle apply text s qcc qcc Command: TEXT Justify/Style/<Startpoint>: S Style name (or ?) <QCC>: QCC Point menu bar draw point draw | point | single or multiple point single multiple format format | point style … point size … set size in absolute unit Ok
- 77. ٧٧ measure divide measure … … measure draw | point| measure b enter Command: measure Select object to measure >Segment length>/Block: b Block name to insert: a Align block with object? <Y> y Segment length: 4 a measure divide … Command: divide Select object to divide
- 78. ٧٨ >Number of segments>/Block:b Block name to insert: a Align block with object? <Y> y Number of segments: 32 ٣٢ a 3190108 009647701553374
- 79. ٧٩ Modify Erase ERASE erase Removes objects froma drawing Toolbar: Modify Menu: Modify Erase Shortcut menu: Select the objects to erase, right-click in the drawing area, and click Erase. Command entry: erase Select objects: Use an object selection method and press ENTER when you finish selecting objects The objects are removed from the drawing. erase
- 80. ٨٠ copies ١ ٢ copy ٣ ٤ copy Copies objects aspecified distance in a specified direction Toolbar: Modify Menu: Modify Copy Shortcut menu: Select the objects to copy, and right-click in the drawing area. Click Copy Selection. Command entry: copy enter 2,3 ٢ enter Copy mode copy mode s m Multiple
- 81. ٨١ Enter a copymode option [Single/Multiple] <current>: Enter s or m Select objects: Use an object selection method and press ENTER when you finish Current settings: Copy mode = current Specify base point or [Displacement/mode/Multiple]<Displacement>: Specify a base point or enter an option Mirror mirror modify –mirror mirror Creates a mirror image copy of objects Toolbar: Modify Menu: Modify Mirror Command entry: mirror Select objects: Use an object selection method and press ENTER to finish Specify first point of mirror line: Specify a point Specify second point of mirror line: Specify a point ١ ٢
- 82. ٨٢ The two specifiedpoints become the endpoints of a line about which the selected objects are mirrored. For mirroring in 3D, this line defines a mirroring plane perpendicular to the XY plane of the user coordinate system (UCS) containing the mirror line. Erase source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Enter y or n, or press ENTER Yes Places the mirrored image into the drawing and erases the original objects. No Places the mirrored image into the drawing and retains the original objects. NoteBy default, when you mirror a text object, the direction of system variable to 1 MIRRTEXT the text is not changed. Set the if you do want the text to be reversed. Offset Offset an object to create a new object whose shape parallels the shape of the original object Creates concentric circles, parallel lines, and parallel curves modify Offset modify offset
- 83. ٨٣ offset Toolbar: Modify Menu: ModifyOffset Command entry: offset Current settings: Erase source = current Layer = current OFFSETGAPTYPE = current ] Layer / Erase / Through or [ tance offset dis Specify <current>:Specify a distance, enter an option, or press ENTER Offset distance Creates an object at a specified distance from an existing object. offset Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo]<exit>: Select one object, enter an option, or press ENTER to end the command Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <exit or next object>: Specify a point (1) on the side of the object you want to offset or enter an option Exit Exits the OFFSET command.
- 84. ٨٤ Multiple multiple Multiple Enters the Multipleoffset mode, which repeats the offset operation using the current offset distance. Undo Reverses the previous offset. Through Through Creates an object passing through a specified point. Select object to offset or <exit>: Select one object or press ENTER to end the command NoteFor best results when you offset a polyline with corners, specify the through point near the midpoint of a line segment, not near a corner. Specify through point or [Exit/Multiple/Undo]<exit or next object>: Specify a point (1) through which you want the offset object to pass or enter a distance Exit Exits the OFFSET command. Multiple Enters the Multiple offset mode, which repeats the offset operation and accepts additional through points. Undo Reverses the previous offset.
- 85. ٨٥ Erase Erase Erases the sourceobject after it is offset. Erase source object after offsetting? [Yes/No]<current>: Enter y or n Layer Layer Determines whether offset objects are created on the current layer or on the layer of the source object. Enter layer option for offset objects [Current/Source]<current>: Enter an option OFFSET creates a new object whose shape parallels the shape of a selected object. Offsetting a circle or an arc creates a larger or smaller circle or arc, depending on which side you specify for the offset. A highly effective drawing technique is to offset objects and then trim or extend their ends.
- 86. ٨٦ 2D polylines andsplines are trimmed automatically when the offset distance is larger than can otherwise be accommodated. Closed 2D polylines that are offset to create larger polylines result in potential gaps between segments.The OFFSETGAPTYPE system variable controls how these potential gaps are closed. array rectangular polar You can create copies of objects in a rectangular or polar (circular) pattern called an array.
- 87. ٨٧ rectangular For rectangular arrays,you control the number of rows and columns and the distance between each. For polar arrays, you control the number of copies of the object and whether the copies are rotated. To create many regularly spaced objects, arraying is faster than copying. Create Polar Arrays polar When you create a polar array, the array is drawn counterclockwise or clockwise, depending on whether you enter a positive or a negative value for the angle to fill.
- 88. ٨٨ The radius ofthe array is determined by the distance from the specified center point to a reference or base point on the last selected object. You can use the default reference point (usually an arbitrary point that coincides with a snap point), or you can specify a new base point to be used as the reference point. Array in 3D z , you can create a rectangular array or a polar 3DARRAY With array of objects in 3D. In addition to specifying the number of columns (X direction) and rows (Y direction), you also specify the number of levels (Z direction). Limit the Size of Arrays ١٠٠٠٠٠ max array maxarray setenv “MaxArray” “n”) N ١٠٠ If you specify a very large number of rows and columns for an array, it may take a long time to create the copies. By default, the number of array elements that can be generated by one command is limited to approximately 100,000. This limit is controlled by the MaxArray setting in the registry.
- 89. ٨٩ You can changethe limit by setting the MaxArray system registry variable using (setenv “MaxArray” “n”) where n is a number between 100 and 10000000 (ten million). MaxArray MaxArray NoteWhen changing the value of MaxArray, you must enter MaxArray with the capitalization shown. Toolbar: Modify modify array array Toolbar: Modify Menu: Modify Array... Command entry: array Rectangular Array Creates an array of rows and columns of copies of the selected object. Rows mber of rows in the array. Specifies the nu
- 90. ٩٠ Columns Specifies the numberof columns in the array. Offset Distance and Direction Provides a space for you to specify the distance and direction of the array's offset. Row Offset Specifies the distance (in units) between rows. To add rows downward, specify a negative value. To specify row spacing with the pointing device, use the Pick Both Offsets button or the Pick Row Offset button. Column Offset Specifies the distance (in units) between columns. To add columns to the left, specify a negative value. To specify column spacing with the pointing device, use the Pick Both Offsets button or the Pick Column Offset button. Angle of Array Specifies the angle of rotation. This angle is normally 0, so the rows and columns are orthogonal with respect to the X and Y drawing axes of the current UCS. You can change the . The UNITS measurement conventions for angles using system variables affect the angle of ANGDIR and ANGBASE arrays. Pick Both Offsets Temporarily closes the Array dialog box so that you can use the pointing device to set the row and column spacing by specifying two diagonal corners of a rectangle. Pick Row Offset Temporarily closes the Array dialog box so that you can use the pointing device to specify the distance between rows. ARRAY prompts you to specify two points and uses the distance and direction between the points to specify the value in Row Offset. Pick Column Offset Temporarily closes the Array dialog box so that you can use the pointing device to specify the distance between columns.
- 91. ٩١ ARRAY prompts youto specify two points and uses the distance and direction between the points to specify the value in Column Offset. Pick Angle of Array Temporarily closes the Array dialog box so that you can specify the angle of rotation by entering a value or using the pointing device to specify two points. You can change the measurement ANGDIR and ANGBASE . The UNITS ing conventions for angles us system variables affect the angle of arrays. Polar Array Creates an array by copying the selected objects around a specified center point. Center Point x y Specifies the center point of the polar array. Enter coordinate values for X and Y, or choose Pick Center Point to use the pointing device to specify the location. Method and Values Specifies the method and values used to position objects in the polar array.
- 92. ٩٢ Method Sets the methodused to position objects. This setting controls which of the Method and Value fields are available for specifying values. For example, if the method is Total Number of Items & Angle to Fill, the related fields are available for specifying values; the Angle Between Items field is not available. Total Number of Items Sets the number of objects that appear in the resultant array. The default value is 4. Angle to Fill Sets the size of the array by defining the included angle between the base points of the first and last elements in the array. A positive value specifies counterclockwise rotation. A negative value specifies clockwise rotation. The default value is 360. A value of 0 is not permitted. Angle Between Items Sets the included angle between the base points of the arrayed objects and the center of the array. Enter a positive value. The default direction value is 90. NoteYou can choose the Pick buttons and use the pointing device to specify the values for Angle to Fill and Angle Between Items. Pick Angle to Fill Temporarily closes the Array dialog box so that you can define the included angle between the base points of the first and last
- 93. ٩٣ elements in thearray. ARRAY prompts you to select a point relative to another point in the drawing area. Pick Angle Between Items Temporarily closes the Array dialog box so that you can define the included angle between the base points of the arrayed objects and the center of the array. ARRAY prompts you to select a point relative to another point in the drawing area. Rotate Items as Copied Rotates the items in the array, as shown in the preview area. More/Less More less Turns the display of additional options in the Array dialog box on and off. When you choose More, additional options are displayed, and the name of this button changes to Less. Object Base Point _
- 94. ٩٤ Set to Object'sDefault Uses the default base point of the object to position the arrayed object. To manually set the base point, clear this option. Base Point x y Sets a new X and Y base point coordinate. Choose Pick Base Point to temporarily close the dialog box and specify a point. After you specify a point, the Array dialog box is redisplayed. NoteTo avoid unexpected results, set the base point manually if you are constructing a polar array and do not want to rotate the objects. Select Objects select objects Specifies the objects used to construct the array. You can select objects before or after the Array dialog box is displayed. To select objects when the Array dialog box is displayed, choose Select Objects. The dialog box temporarily closes. When you finish selecting objects, press ENTER. The Array dialog box is redisplayed, and the number of objects selected is shown below the Select Objects button. NoteIf you select multiple objects, the base point of the last selected object is used to construct the array.
- 95. ٩٥ Preview Area Shows apreview image of the array based on the current settings in the dialog box. The preview image is dynamically updated when you move to another field after changing a setting. Preview modify Closes the Array dialog box and displays the array in the current drawing. Choose Modify to return to the Array dialog box to make changes. Move You can move objects at a specified distance and direction from the originals. Use coordinates, grid snap, object snaps, and other tools to move objects with precision.
- 96. ٩٦ Specify Distance withTwo Points Move an object using the distance and direction specified by a base point followed by a second point. In this example, you move the block representing a window. Click Modify menu Move. Then select the object to be moved (1). Specify the base point for the move (2) followed by a second point (3). The object is moved the distance and direction of point 2 to point 3. ecify Distance with Relative Sp Coordinates You can move an object using a relative distance by entering coordinate values for the first point and pressing ENTER for the second point. The coordinate values are used as a relative displacement rather than the location of a base point. NoteDo not include an @ sign as you normally would for relative coordinates, because relative coordinates are expected. To copy objects a specified distance, you can also use direct distance entry with Ortho mode and polar tracking. For more Enter Direct Distances information, see Move - Use a Stretch
- 97. ٩٧ to move objectsif all their endpoints STRETCH You can also use lie entirely within the selection window. Turn on Ortho mode or polar tracking to move the objects at a specific angle. A practical example is moving a door in a wall. The door in the illustration is entirely within a crossing selection, while the wall lines are only partly within the crossing selection area. The result is that only the endpoints that lie within the crossing selection move. Methods Use Alternate You can use grips to move and copy objects quickly. You can also select objects and drag them to a new location; press CTRL to make a copy. Using this method, you can drag objects between open drawings and other applications. If you drag with the right mouse button instead of the left, a shortcut menu is displayed. The menu options include Move Here, Copy Here, Paste as Block, and Cancel.
- 98. ٩٨ Move modify modify move - Moves objects aspecified distance in a specified direction Toolbar: Modify Menu: Modify Move Shortcut menu: Select the objects to move, and right-click in the drawing area. Click Move. Command entry: move Select objects: Use an object selection method and press ENTER when you finish Specify base point or [Displacement]<Displacement>: Specify a base point or enter d Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: Specify a point or press ENTER The two points you specify define a vector that indicates how far the selected objects are to be moved and in what direction. If you press ENTER at the Specify Second Point prompt, the first point is interpreted as a relative X,Y,Z displacement. For example, if you specify 2,3 for the base point and press ENTER at the next prompt, the objects move 2 units in the X direction and 3 units in the Y direction from their current position. Displacement Specify displacement <last value>: Enter coordinates to represent a vector The coordinate values that you enter specify a relative distance and direction.
- 99. ٩٩ Rotate You can rotateobjects in your drawing around a specified base point. To determine the angle of rotation, you can enter an angle value, drag using the cursor, or specify a reference angle to align to an absolute angle. Rotate an Object by a Specified Angle ٣٦٠ Enter a rotation angle value from 0 to 360 degrees. You can also enter values in radians, grads, or surveyor bearings. Entering a positive angle value rotates the objects counterclockwise or clockwise, depending on the Direction Control setting in the Drawing Units dialog box. Rotate an Object by Dragging , polar, snap Drag the object around the base point and specify a second point. Use Ortho mode, polar tracking, or object snaps for greater precision.
- 100. ١٠٠ For example, youcan rotate the plan view of a house by selecting the objects (1),specifying a base point (2), and specifying an angle of rotation by dragging to another point(3). Rotate an Object to an Absolute Angle With the Reference option, you can rotate an object to align it to an absolute angle. For example, to rotate the part in the illustration so the diagonal edge rotates to 90 degrees, you select the objects to be rotated (1, 2), specify the base point (3), and enter the Reference option. For the reference angle, specify the two endpoints of the diagonal line (4, 5). For the new angle, enter 90. Rotate an Object in 3D To rotate 3D objects, you can use either ROTATE or ROTATE3D. With ROTATE, you can rotate objects around a specified base point. The axis of rotation passes through the base point and is parallel to the Z axis of the current UCS. With ROTATE3D, you can specify the axis of rotation using either two points; an object; the X, Y, or Z axis; or the Z direction of the current view.
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