A Treasure Trove For Autocad Learners

A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR BEGINNERS & ESPECIALLY FOR
POLYTECHNIC, B.E. & B.TECH. STUDENTS
BY
Asit Kumar Malik
EX. SENIOR SECTION ENGINEER (CIVIL)
EASTERN RAILWAY
AUTOCAD TEACHER AT
COMPUTER TRAINING CENTRES
MOB. NO. - 9434678817

PREFACE
This ‘A Treasure Trove for AutoCAD Learners’ book is for beginning students without any previous
knowledge of AutoCAD. This book is actually a practical guide for beginners and especially for Polytechnic,
B.E. and B.Tech. students. There are so many big books on AutoCAD is available in the market, but in this
small book each topic, concepts and step by step procedure are explained in very simple way with sketches so
that the beginners can follow easily.
I am very grateful to my wife who inspired me to write this book and helped me a lot to write this book.
AutoCAD 2004 is an Ocean, it is impossible to explain everything in a spoonful of water and by the little
knowledge of mine it is actually not at all possible. I have tried to include all those topics which are essentially
required to draw the 2D drawings and 3D models and print the same.
In this technical age to draw a Engineering drawing by computer is mandatory. Now a day so many advanced
versions of AutoCAD are available, but the basic version is AutoCAD 2004. Hence in this book I have followed
AutoCAD 2004 version. One who learns AutoCAD 2004 can work in any version of AutoCAD. Additional
features of AutoCAD 2007 are also included. I hope this small book will help and make those students
knowledgeable and successful in their study and practical field.
Even though a great care has been taken to write this book, some unwanted mistakes may takes place for
which I am very sorry to the reader of this book. The readers are requested to send their valuable opinions and
advices to correct the mistakes if any and to improve this book in future edition.
Asit Kumar Malik,
Dated 01.01.2010 154/177/1, Badsahi Road,
Burdwan-713101
(Mob.– 9434678817)

CONTENTS AT A GLANCE
PART - I (AUTOCAD 2D)
1. INTRODUCTION PAGES 2-3
STARTING UP AUTOCAD 2004, AUTOCAD GRAPHICS WINDOW,
THE USER INTERFACE, DISPLAY OR HIDE START UP DIALOG BOX,
CREATING FIRST DRAWING, SAVINGA FILE, OPENING A OLD FILE
2. DRAFTING SETTING PAGES 4-5
GRID AND SNAP, POLAR TRACKING, OBJECT SNAP
3. DRAW MENU COMMANDS PAGES 5-17
LINE, RAY, XLINE (CONSTN. LINE), PLINE (POLYLINE),
MLINE (MULTILINE),POLYGON, RECTANGLE, ARC, CIRCLE,
SPLINE, ELLIPSE, POINT, SKETCH, DIVIDE, MEASURE,
REVCLOUD, HATCH, REGION, BOUNDARY
4. MODIFY MENU COMMANDS PAGES 17-27
ERASE. OOPS, REDRAW, COPY, MIRROR, OFFSET, ARRAY, MOVE, ROTATE,
SCALE, STRETCH, TRIM, EXTEND, BREAK, CHAMFER, FILLET, EXPLODE,
LENGTHEN, ALIGN, HATCHEDIT, MLEDIT (MULTILINE EDIT),PEDIT
(POLYLINE EDIT), MATCHPROP (MATCH PROPERTIES), GROUP, EDITING
WITH GRIPS
5. TOOLS MENU COMMANDS PAGES 27-28
INQUIRY, DIST (DISTANCE), AREA, LIST, ID (ID POINT),
PROPERTIES, SELECT (QUICK SELECT),
6. FORMAT MANU COMMANDS PAGES 28-29
UNITS, LIMITS (DRAWING LIMITS), LAYER
7. FILE MENU COMMAND - RECOVER, EXPORT PAGES 29-30
8. BLOCK & X-RFERRNCE PAGES 30-31
BLOCK, XREF (EXTERNAL REFERENCE), INSERT
9. DIMENSION & ITS STYLES PAGES 31-32
TYPES OF DIMENSION, DIMENSION STYLE SETTING
10. TEXT & ITS STYLES PAGES 32-33
SINGLE LINE TEXT, MULTILINE TEXT, TEXT STYLE SETTING
11. EXPRESS TOOLS PAGES 33-34
TXTEXP, TCASE, TXT2MTEXT,ARCALIGNEDTXT, EXTRIM, BREAKLINE
12. ISOMETRIC DRAWING - ISOMETRIC PLANES, SETTINGS PAGES 35-36
13. PRINTING & SETUP PAGES 36-37
PRINTING, SET UP, MVSETUP (MULTIVIEW SET UP)
PART – II (AUTOCAD 3D)
14. SOLID MODELLING, EDITING & SURFACE MODELLING PAGES 37-50
SOLID MODELLING – BOX, SPHERE, CYLINDER, WEDGE, TORUS
SOLID EDIT – EXTRUDE, REVOLVE, SLICE, SECTION, INTERFERE,
BOOLEAN OPERATIONS (UNION, SUBSTRACT & INTERSECT),
IMPRINTS, CLEAN, SHELL, EDIT FACE & EDGE, SURFACE MODELLING
UCS, SHEDMODE, RENDER, OLE, AUTOLISP
15 . ADVANCED FEATURES IN AUTOCAD PAGES 50-50
OLE OBJECTS, AUTOLIPS
16. AUTOCAD SHORTCUTS COMMANDS, SYSTEM VARIABLES PAGES 50-53
& MATHMATICAL TABLE
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P A R T – 1 ( A U T O C A D 2 D )
INTRODUCTION
STARTING UP AUTOCAD 2004/2007/2008
Sequence of operation:-
Choose Start >All Programs > Autodesk > AutoCAD 2004/2007/2008 > AutoCAD 2004/2007/2008.
AUTOCAD GRAPHICS WINDOW
THE USER INTERFACE
You can use several menus, shortcut menus, tool palettes, and toolbars for access to frequently used commands,
settings, and modes.
Title Bar
Top line of the AutoCAD window displays the title bar showing the title of the drawing.
MenuBar
Display pull-down menus from the menu bar using one of several methods.
Toolbar
Use buttons on toolbars to start commands, display fly out toolbars, and display tool tips.
AutoCAD initially displays several toolbars:
1.Standard toolbar 2.Styles toolbar 3.Layers toolbar 4.Properties toolbar
5.Draw toolbar and 5.Modify toolbar
Tool Palettes
Tool palettes are tabbed areas within the Tool Palettes window that provide an efficient method for organizing,
sharing, and placing blocks and hatches. Tool palettes can also contain custom tools provided by third-party
developers.
ShortcutMenus
Display a shortcut menu for quick access to commands that are relevant to your current activity.
ObjectSnapMenu
Specify an object snap quickly and conveniently from a shortcut menu.
CommandWindow
You can display commands, system variables, options, messages, and prompts in a dockable and resizable
window called the command window
Design Center
With Design Center, you can manage block references, xrefs, and other content such as layer definitions, layouts,
and text styles.
Pointingdevice
You can use as your pointing device a mouse, a digitizing puck, or a stylus, and it may have more than two
buttons.
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Drawing Area
Middle blank portion of graphics window is called as drawing area. As mouse moves around, Cross Hair appears
to move in the Drawing Area
Drawing Cursor
Drawing Cursor points the location point in the drawing area..
Status Bar
At the bottom of the drawing area, Status Bar gives the information at a glance about the drawing. Co-ordinates
read out towards the left of the status bar, indicates the location of cursor.
Model & Layout Tab
It gives access of Model & Layout views of a Drawing.
Command Window
Just below the drawing area is command Window. The command window is where you give information to
AutoCAD and where AutoCAD prompts you for the next step in executing a command.
DISPLAYOR HIDE START UP DIALOG BOX
Sequence of operation:-
1. From menu bar > Tools > Option > System tab to bring it forward
2. In general option section, open start up drop down menu list > Check the box
Show start up dialog box if you want to display the dialog box or Check the box
Do not Show start up dialog box if you do not want to display the dialog box
3. Click Apply & Click O.K.
For Autocad 2008 & above :- In command Prompt Type STARTUP and press Enter. Enter Value 1 and press
enter to get startup dialog box, and enter o for not to get startup dialog box.
When you start a drawing, you specify the type of units to use and other settings. You can also choose how to
save your work, including saving backup files.
Start a Drawing from Scratch
A quick way to begin a new drawing is to start from scratch, which starts a drawing that uses settings from a
default drawing template file.
Use a Setup Wizard
A setup wizard establishes basic drawing settings step by step
Use a Template File to Start a Drawing
A drawing template file contains standard settings. Select one of the template files supplied, or create your own
template files.
CREATING FIRST DRAWING
Sequence of operations:-
1. File > New > Imperial (Foot & Inches) / Metric [In start up dialog box (Start a Drawing fromScratch)] > O.K.
2. Format > Units > In drawing units dialog box, choose Decimal Architectural, choose precision (nos. of digits
after point).choose Meters / Centimeters / Millimeters / Inches > O.K.
SAVING A FILE
File > Save as > In save as dialog box, In save in Box select the location & type the Name in file name box >
Click on Save button.
OPENING A OLD FILE
File >Open > In select File dialog box, select the file > Click on Open button.
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DRAFTING SETTING
DSETTINGS Tools menu: Drafting Settings
Right-click Snap, Grid, Polar, Osnap, or Otrack on the status bar and choose Settings
Snap mode (SNAP):-
Activates Snap mode with the value you specify, The points you enter with a pointing device can be locked into
regular intervals on an invisible rectangular snap grid. A change in the snap grid affects the cursor location when
you specify a point location using the pointing device.
Grid mode (GRID):-
The grid is for visual reference only. It is not plotted, and it is not part of the drawing. Sets the grid to the
specified value. Entering x after the value sets the grid spacing to the specified value multiplied by the snap
interval.
Ortho mode (ORTHO):-
Ortho mode restricts the cursor to horizontal or vertical (orthogonal) axis. AutoCAD defines horizontal as being
parallel to the X axis of the UCS and vertical as being parallel to the Y axis.
Polar mode (POLAR):-
Polar mode do not restricts the cursor to horizontal, vertical or any (orthogonal) axis. Polar tracking restricts
cursor movement to specified angles. PolarSnap restricts cursor movement to specified increments along a polar
angle.
Note:- Ortho mode restricts the cursor to horizontal or vertical (orthogonal) axes. Because you cannot have
Ortho
mode and polar tracking turned on at the same time, AutoCAD turns polar tracking off when you turn on Ortho
mode. If you turn polar tracking back on, AutoCAD turns Ortho mode off. Similarly, if you turn PolarSnap on,
grid snap is turned off automatically.
Osnap mode (OSNAP):-
An object snap mode specifies a snap point at an exact location on an object. OSNAP specifies running object
snap modes.
Object Snap Tracking (OTRACK):-
Using Object Snap Tracking,You can draw objects at specific angles or in specific relationship to other objects
along specified directions
Dynamic Input (DYN):-
Dynamic Input provides a command interface near the cursor to help you keep your
focus in the drafting area.
When Dynamic Input is on, tooltips display information near the cursor that is
dynamically updated as the cursor
moves. When a command is active, the tooltips provide a place for user entry.
Dynamic UCS (DUCS) :-
The Dynamic UCS aligns the XY Plane temporarily and automatically to
faces on existing 3D solids, while in most drawing and 3D editing
commands.
Lineweight (LWT):- Shows width of line
To display a grid and set grid spacing
1. From the Tools menu, choose Drafting Settings.
2.In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap & Grid tab, select Grid On to display the grid.
3. Under Snap Type and Style, make sure Grid Snap and Rectangular Snap are selected.
4. For grid X Spacing, enter the horizontal grid spacing in units.
5. To use the same value for vertical grid spacing, press ENTER. Otherwise, enter a new
value for grid Y Spacing.
6. Choose OK.
To turn on Snap mode and set snap spacing
1. From the Tools menu, choose drafting Settings.
2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap & Grid tab, select Snap On.
4. In Snap Type & Style, select Grid Snap.
5. In the Grid X Spacing box, enter the horizontal snap spacing value in units.
6. To specify the same vertical snap spacing, press ENTER. Otherwise, enter a new
distance in the Grid Y Spacing box.
7. Choose OK
To rotate the snap angle and change its base point
2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap & Grid tab, under Snap, enter a rotation angle in the Angle box.
3. If you want to set the base point in order to align snap locations, enter the X and Y
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Co-ordinate values in the X Base and Y Base boxes.
4. Choose OK
To set polar snap distance
2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap and Grid tab, select Snap On.
3. In Snap Type & Style, select Polar Snap.
4. Under Polar Spacing, enter the polar distance.
5. Choose the Polar Tracking tab and select Polar Tracking On.
6. Select the angle from the Increment Angle list.
7. You can specify your own angles by choosing Additional Angles and then New.
8. Choose OK.
To set polar tracking angles
2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, on the Polar Tracking tab, select Polar Tracking on.
3. In the Increment Angle list, select the polar tracking angle.
4. To set additional tracking angles, select Additional Angles. Then click New and enter the
angle value in the text box.
5. Under Polar Angle Measurement, specify whether polar tracking increments are based on
the UCS or relative to the last object you created.
6. Choose OK
Object snap
Controls running object snap settings. With running object snap
settings, also called Osnap, you can specify a snap point at an
exact location on an object..
Object Snap Modes
Endpoint:- Snaps to the closest endpoint of an arc, elliptical arc,
line, multiline, polyline segment, spline, region, or ray, or to the
closest corner of a trace, solid, or 3D face.
Midpoint:- Snaps to the midpoint of an arc, ellipse, elliptical arc,
line, multiline, polyline segment, region, solid, spline, or xline.
Center:- Snaps to the center of an arc, circle, ellipse, or elliptical
arc
Nod:- Snaps to a point object, dimension definition point, or
dimension text origin.
Quadrant:- Snaps to a quadrant point of an arc, circle, ellipse, or
elliptical arc
Intersection:- Snaps to the intersection of an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline, polyline, ray,
region, spline, or xline.
Extension:- Causes a temporary extension line to display when you pass the cursor over the endpoint of objects,
so you can draw objects to and from points on the extension line.
Insertion:- Snaps to the insertion point of an attribute, a block, a shape, or text
Perpendicular:- Snaps to a point perpendicular to an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline, polyline,
ray, region, solid, spline, or xline.
Tangent: - Snaps to the tangent of an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, or spline.
Nearest: - Snaps to the nearest point on an arc, circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline, point, polyline, ray,
spline, or xline.
Apparent Intersection:- Apparent Intersection snaps to the apparent intersection of two objects (arc, circle,
ellipse, elliptical arc, line, multiline, polyline, ray, spline, or xline) that do not intersect in 3D space but may
appear to intersect in the current view. Extended Apparent Intersection snaps to the imaginary intersection of two
objects that would intersect if the objects were extended along their natural paths. Apparent and Extended
Apparent Intersection work with edges of regions and curves but not with edges or corners of 3D solids.
Parallel:- Draws a vector parallel to another object whenever AutoCAD prompts you for the second point of a
vector.
DRAW MENU
LINE : -
The minimum requirement to draw a line is start point and end point
Draw a line by pick method
1. From the Draw menu, choose Line.
2. Specify the start point. : Click on a point
3. Specify the next point : Click on next point or endpoint by using the pointing device.
Draw a line by direct entry method
2. Specify the start point. : Click on a point
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3. Specify the next point : Keep the cross heir along the direction of line by using the pointing device, enter the
distance and hit Enter.
Draw a line by Using co-ordinates
2. Specify the start point.: Type ( X- ordinate value, Y- ordinate value ) and press ENTER
3. Specify next point .: Type ( X- ordinate value, Y- ordinate value ) and press ENTER
4. Specify another next point .: Type ( X- ordinate value, Y- ordinate value ) and press ENTER
Draw a line by Relative Cartesian co ordinate method
2. Specify the start point.: Choose a point by pick or type ( X- ordinate value, Y- ordinate value ) and press
ENTER
3. Specify next point : Type @( X- ordinate value, Y- ordinate value ) and press ENTER.
4. Specify another next : Type @( X- ordinate value, Y- ordinate value ) and press ENTER.
Draw a line by Relative polar co ordinate method
2. Specify the start point.: Choose a point by pick or type ( X- ordinate value, Y- ordinate value ) and press
ENTER
3. Specify next point : Type @distance < angle with X-ordinate and press ENTER.
4. Specify another next point : Type @distance < angle with X-ordinate and press ENTER.
Draw a Tangent Between two circles of different radius
1.From the Draw menu, choose Line.
2.Right click on working area and choose tangent from drop down menu and click on one circle
3.Again right click on working area and choose tangent from drop down menu and click on other circle
Procedure For Entering Measurements In Metric And Imperial Units
Metric:- ( meter, cm, mm with Decimal type)
Enter as normal – 10 mm should be entered as > 10 (with mm unit & Decimal type.)
Imperial:- (ft, inch with Architectural type)
1-2 11
/16 should be entered as > 12-11
/16 (  sign need not be entered)
Angular:-
1 1220 should be entered as > 1d1220
Surveyor's units:- show angles as bearings, using N or S for north or south,
degrees/minutes/seconds for how far east or west the angle is from direct north or south, and E
or W for east or west, for example: N 45d0'0" E
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RAY:-
RAY creates semi-infinite lines commonly used as construction lines. A ray has a finite starting point and extends
to infinity.
To draw ray:-
1. From the Draw menu, choose Ray
2. Specify start point:-Specify a point
3. Specify through point:- Specify a point for the ray to pass through
4. Press ENTER to end the command
XLINE:-
XLINE creates infinite lines, which are commonly used as construction lines
To create a construction line by specifying two points:-
1. From the Draw menu, choose Construction Line.
2. Specify a point to define the root of the construction line.
3. Specify a second point through which the construction line should pass.
4. Continue to specify construction lines as needed.
All subsequent xlines pass through the first point specified.
5. Press ENTER to end the command.
PLINE:-
A polyline is a connected sequence of line segments created as a single object.
To draw a polyline with straight segments:-
1. From the Draw menu, choose Polyline.
2. Specify the first point of the polyline.
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3. Specify the endpoint of the first polyline segment.
4. Continue specifying segment endpoints as needed.
5. Press ENTER to end, or enter c to close the polyline.
To draw a line and arc combination polyline:-
2. Specify the start point of the polyline segment.
3. Specify the endpoint of the polyline segment.
4. Switch to Arc mode by entering a (Arc) on the command line.
5. Return to Line mode by entering L (Line).
6. Specify additional polyline segments as needed.
7. Press ENTER to end or c to close the polyline
To create a wide polyline:-
2. Specify the start point of the line segment.
3. Enter w (Width).
4. Enter the starting width of the line segment.
5. Specify the ending width of the line segment using one of the following methods:
a) To create a line segment of equal width, press ENTER.
b) To create a tapering line segment, enter a different width.
6. Specify the endpoint of the polyline segment.
7. Continue specifying segment endpoints as needed.
8. Press ENTER to end, or enter c to close the polyline.
EXAMPLE
Draw a poly line as shown in the drawing below:-
a) Straight portion length = 80, width = 10,
b) Arc portion width varies from 10 – 0 with radius 30.
MLINE:-
Multilines consist of between 1 and 16 parallel lines
To draw a multiline:-
1. From the Draw menu, choose Multiline.
2. At the Command prompt, enter st to select a style.
3. To list available styles, enter the style name or enter ?.
4. To justify the multiline, enter j and choose top, zero, or bottom justification.
5. To change the scale of the multiline, enter s and enter a new scale.
6. Now draw the multiline.
7. Specify the starting point.
8. Specify the second point.
9. Specify the third point.
10. Specify the fourth point or enter c to close the multiline, or press ENTER
To create a multiline style:-
1. From the Format menu, choose Multiline Style.
2. In the Multiline Styles dialog box, enter a name and description for the style.
3. Descriptions are optional and can be up to 255 characters, including spaces.
4. To create a multiline style, choose Add.
5. To add elements to the style or to modify existing elements, choose Element Properties.
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a) In the Element Properties dialog box, highlight the element in the list, and then make changes to Offset,
Color, and Linetype.
b) To add an element, choose Add, and then make changes to Offset, Color, and Linetype. Choose OK.
c) The offset defines the 0,0 origin of the multiline relative to which other elements are drawn. An element does
not have to be drawn at the origin.
6. To set multiline properties, choose Multiline Properties in the Multiline Styles dialog box.
a) In the Multiline Properties dialog box, make any changes and choose OK.
b) Properties include the display of segment joints and the type of start and end caps with their angles and fill
color.
c) Choose Save to save the style to an external multiline style file (the default is acad.mln). You can save
multiline styles to the same file.
POLYGON
Polygons are closed polylines with between 3 and 1,024 equal-length sides
To draw a circumscribed polygon
1. From the Draw menu, choose Polygon.
2. On the command line, enter the number of sides.
3. Specify the center of the polygon
4. Enter c to specify a polygon circumscribed about a circle.
5. Enter the radius length
To draw an inscribed polygon
3. Specify the center of the polygon.
4. Enter i to specify a polygon inscribed within a circle of specified points.
5. Enter the radius length.
To draw a polygon by specifying one edge
3. Enter e (Edge).
4. Specify the start point for one polygon segment.
5. Specify the endpoint of the polygon segment.
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RECTANGLE:-
Draws a rectangular polyline
To draw a rectangle
1. From the Draw menu, choose Rectangle.
2. Specify the first corner of the rectangle.
3. Specify the other corner of the rectangle.
To draw a rectangle with Dimensions
Creates a rectangle using length and width values
2. Specify the first corner of the rectangle
3. Enter d (Dimension) and press ENTER
4. Specify length for rectangles > Enter the length of the rectangle
5. Specify width for rectangles > Enter the width of the rectangle
Or in place of steps3 to 5, Enter [@ Length, Width ] and press Enter.
Sets the chamfer distances for the rectangle.
3. Enter c (Chamfer) and press ENTER
4. Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <current>: Specify a distance or press
ENTER
5. Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <current>: Specify a distance or
press ENTER
The values become the current chamfer distances for subsequent RECTANG
commands.
Specifies the fillet radius of the rectangle.
3. Enter f (Fillet) and press ENTER
4. Specify fillet radius for rectangles <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER
The value becomes the current fillet radius for subsequent RECTANG commands
Specifies the polyline width of the rectangle to be drawn.
3. Enter w(Width) and press ENTER
4. Specify line width for rectangles <current>: Specify a distance or press ENTER
The value becomes the current polyline width for subsequent RECTANG commands.
ARC:-
You can create arcs in several ways. With the exception of the 3points method, arcs are drawn counter clockwise
from the start point to the end point.
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To draw an arc by specifying three points
1. From the Draw menu, choose Arc > 3 Points.
2. Specify the start point.
3. Specify a point on the arc.
4. Specify the end point
To draw an arc using a start point, a center point, and an endpoint
1. From the Draw menu, choose Arc > Start, Center, End.
2. Specify a start point.
3. Specify the center point.
4. Specify the end point.
Draw Arcs by Specifying Start, Center, Angle
1. From the Draw menu, choose Arc > Start, Center, Angle.
4. Specify the angle.
Draw Arcs by Specifying Start, Center, Length
1. From the Draw menu, choose Arc > Start, Center, Length
4. Specify the length.
Draw Arcs by Specifying Start, End, Radius / Direction
1. From the Draw menu, choose Arc > Start, End, Radius / Direction
3. Specify the end point.
4. Specify the radius / direction.
Draw Contiguous Arcs and Lines
a) To continue an arc with a tangential line
1. Complete the arc as usual.
3. Press ENTER at the first prompt.
4. Enter the length of the line and press ENTER
b) To continue an arc with a tangential arc
1. Complete the arc as usual.
2. From the Draw menu, choose Arc > Continue.
3. Specify the second endpoint of the tangent arc.
CIRCLE:-
You can create circles in several ways. The default method is to specify the center and the radius.
Draws a circle based on a center point and a diameter or a radius
1. From the Draw menu, choose Circle > center, radius
2. Specify the centre point of circle: Specify a point
3. Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]:
4. Enter a value of radius or enter d [Diameter] and press ENTER
Draws a circle based on three points on the circumference.
1. From the Draw menu, choose Circle > 3 point
2. Specify first point on circle: Specify a point
3. Specify second point on circle: Specify a point
4. Specify third point on circle: Specify a point
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Draws a circle based on two endpoints of the diameter.
1. From the Draw menu, choose Circle > 2 point
2. Specify first endpoint of circle's diameter: Specify a point
3. Specify second endpoint of circle's diameter: Specify a point
Draws a circle with a specified radius tangent to two objects.
1. From the Draw menu, choose Circle > tan, tan, radius
2. Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Select a circle, arc, or line
3. Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Select a circle, arc, or line
4. Specify radius of circle <current>:
Draws a circle with a three tangents to three objects.
1. From the Draw menu, choose Circle > tan, tan, tan
2. Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Select a circle, arc, or line
3. Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Select a circle, arc, or line
4. Specify point on object for third tangent of circle: Select a circle, arc, or line
SPLINE:-
SPLINE fits a smooth curve to a sequence of points
To Draw a spline by specifying points
1. Fromdraw menu choose Spline
2. Specify first point or [Object]: Click on first point
3. Specify next point: Click on Second point
4. Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent.>: Click on next points one by
one
5. Press ENTER thrice to exit from command
Fit Tolerance
Fit Tolerance changes the tolerance for fitting of the current spline curve. The spline curve is redefined such that
it fits through the existing points according to the new tolerance.
Command: spline
1. Fromdraw menu choose Spline
2. Specify first point or [Object]: Click on first point
3. Specify next point: Click on Second point
4. Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>: Enterf (fit) and press ENTER
5. Specify fit tolerance <0.0000>: Enter the fit tolerance value and press ENTER
6. Specify next point: Click on next points one by one
7. Press ENTER thrice to exit from command
If you set the tolerance to 0, the spline curve passes through the fit points. Entering a tolerance greater than 0
allows the spline curve to pass through the fit points within the specified tolerance.
ELLIPSE
Creates an ellipse or an elliptical arc
The Isocircle option is available only when you set the Style option of SNAP to Isometric.
To draw a true ellipse using endpoints and distance
1. From the Draw menu, choose Ellipse > Axis, End.
2. Specify the first endpoint of the first axis
3. Specify the second endpoint of the first axis
4. Drag the pointing device away from the midpoint, and click to specify a distance for
half the length of the second axis.
To draw a true ellipse using center and distance
1. From the Draw menu, choose Ellipse > center.
2. Specify the center of the Ellipse
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3. Specify the end point of the first axis
4. Specify the end point of the Second axis
5. Drag the pointing device away from the midpoint, and click to specify a distance for
6. half the length of the second axis
To draw an elliptical arc using start and end angles
1. From the Draw menu, choose Ellipse > Arc.
2. Specify endpoints for the first axis
2. Specify a distance to define half the length of the second axis
4. Specify the start angle
5. Specify the end angle
The ellipitical arc is drawn counterclockwise between the start point and endpoint.
To draw an isometric circle
2. On the Snap and Grid tab, under Snap Type and Style, turn on the isometric snap
and choose OK.
4. Enter i (Isocircle).
5. Specify the center of the circle.
6. Specify the radius or diameter of the circle.
POINT:-
Creates a point object
To create a point object
1. From the Draw menu, choose Point > Single Point.
2. Specify the point location.
You can snap to a point using the Node object snap.
To set point style and size
1. From the Format menu, choose Point Style.
2. In the Point Style dialog box, select a point style.
3. Under Point Size, specify a size, either relative to the screen or in absolute units.
4. Choose OK.
SKETCH:-
Creates a series of freehand line segments. Drawing with the SKETCH command controls a screen-based pen
with a pointing device. SKETCH is useful for entering map outlines, signatures, or other freehand drawings.
Sketched lines are not added to the drawing until they are recorded. The standard digitizer tablet button menu is
not available while SKETCH is in progress.
1. Record increment <current>: Press ENTER or enter increment value
The record increment value defines the length of the line segments. The pointing device must be moved a
distance greater than the increment value to generate a line.
2. Sketch. ( Pen/ eXit/ Quit/ Record /Erase/ Connect.)
Enter an option or press a pointer button
a). Pen (Pick button)
Raises and lowers the sketching pen. The pen must be raised before you can select menu items with the pointing
device
b). Exit (Enter button or Enter x )
Records and reports the number of temporary lines sketched and ends the command
c). Quit (Enter q )
Discards all temporary lines sketched since the start of SKETCH or the last use of the Record option, and ends
the command.
d). Record (Enter r )
Records temporary lines as permanent and does not change the pen's position. Reports the number of lines using
the following prompt: nnn lines recorded.
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e). Erase (Enter e )
Erases any portion of a temporary line and raises the pen if it is down.
(Select end of delete).
f). Connect (Enter c )
Lowers the pen to continue a sketch sequence from the end point of the last sketched
line or last Erase.
(Connect: Move to endpoint of line.)
g). (Period)
Lowers the pen, draws a straight line from the endpoint of the last sketched line to the pen's current location, and
returns the pen to the up position.
DIVIDE:-
Places evenly spaced point objects or blocks along the length or perimeter of an object. By DIVIDE command
Minimum 2 equal segment and Maximum 32,767 equal segment can be done
4. Enter the name of the block you want to insert.
5. Enter y to align the blocks with the divided object.
6. Enter n to use a rotation angle of 0 degrees.
7. Enter the number of segments you want
To insert points to mark equal segments
1. From the Draw menu, choose Point > Divide.
2. Select a line, circle, ellipse, polyline, arc, or spline.
3. Enter the number of segments you want.
AutoCAD places a point between each segment
To insert blocks to mark equal segments on an object
If necessary, create the block you want to insert.
2. Select a line, arc, circle, ellipse, polyline, or spline.
3. Enter b (Block).
MEASURE:-
Places point objects or blocks at measured intervals on an object.
To insert points at measured intervals on an object
1. From the Draw menu, choose Point > Measure.
2. Select a line, arc, spline, circle, ellipse, or polyline.
3. Enter an interval length, or specify points to indicate a length.
AutoCAD places points on the object at the specified intervals
To insert blocks at measured intervals on an object
3. Enter b (Block).
5. Enter y to align the blocks with the measured object.
AutoCAD inserts blocks on the object at the specified
REVCLOUD:-
Creates a polyline of sequential arcs to form a cloud shape
To create a revision cloud from scratch
1. On the Draw menu, click Revision Cloud.
2. At the command prompt, specify a new minimum and maximum arc length or
specify a revision cloud starting point.
The default minimum and maximum arc lengths are set to 0.5000 units. The
maximum arc length can be no more than three times the minimum arc length.
3. Guide the crosshairs along the cloud path. You can click pick points along the path
if you want to vary the size of the arcs.
4. Press ENTER at any time to stop drawing the revision cloud.
5. To close the revision cloud, return to its starting point.
HATCH:-
Fills an area with a non-associative hatch pattern
To hatch areas
1. From the Draw menu, choose Hatch.
2. In the Boundary Hatch and Fill dialog box, choose Pick Points.
3. In your drawing, specify a point inside each area you want hatched and press ENTER.
This point is known as the internal point.
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4. In the Boundary Hatch and Fill dialog box, Hatch tab, in the swatch box, verify that the sample pattern is the
pattern you want to use. To change patterns, select another pattern from the Pattern list.
5. To see how the hatch pattern will look, choose [...] next to Pattern. Choose OK when you finish previewing.
6. In the Boundary Hatch and Fill dialog box, make adjustments, if necessary.
7. You can specify new hatch boundaries by choosing Pick Points.
8. In the Boundary Hatch and Fill dialog box, choose OK to create the hatch.
9. Specify one internal point per hatch block. Specifying more than one internal point can produce unexpected
results when you edit the hatch boundary
To hatch selected objects
1. From the Draw menu, choose Hatch.
2. In the Boundary Hatch and Fill dialog box, choose Select Objects.
3. Specify the object or objects you want to hatch.
4. The objects need not form a closed boundary. You can also specify any islands that should remain un hatched.
5. In the Boundary Hatch and Fill dialog box, choose OK to apply the hatch
REGION:-
Regions are two-dimensional enclosed areas you create from objects that form closed loops
To define regions
1. From the Draw menu, choose Region.
2. Select objects to create the region.
3. These objects must each form an enclosed area—such as a circle or a closed polyline.
4. Press ENTER.
BOUNDARY:-
Creates a region or a polyline from an enclosed area
To define regions by using boundaries
1. From the Draw menu, choose Boundary.
2. In the Boundary Creation dialog box, in Object Type, select Region.
3. Choose Pick Points.
4. Specify a point in your drawing inside each closed area that you want to define as a region and press ENTER.
BREAKLINE:-
To insert a Breakline symbol between objects
To create a Breakline
1. Click Express menu > Draw > breakline
2. Specify first point for breakline or [Block/Size/Extension]: Enter s (size)
3. Breakline symbol size <0.5>: Enter size of breakline symbol
4. Specify first point for breakline or [Block/Size/Extension]: Select first point
5. Specify second point for breakline: Select Second point
6. Specify location for break symbol <Midpoint>:
TABLE:-
Creates an empty table object in a drawing
To create a table
1. Click Draw menu > Table.
2. In the Insert Table dialog box, select a table style from the list, or click the [...] button to create a new table
style.
3. Select an insertion method:
4. Specify an insertion point for the table.
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5. Specify a window for the table to fit.
6. Set the number of columns and the column width.
If you used the window insertion method, you can select the number of columns or the column width, but not
both.
7) Set the number of rows and the row height.
If you used the window insertion method, the number of rows is determined by the size of the window you
specified and the row height.
8. Click OK.
To use grips to modify a table
1. Click a gridline to select the table.
2. Use one of the following grips:
a). Upper-left grip. Moves the table.
b). Upper-right grip. Changes the width of the table and all columns proportionally.
c) Lower-left grip. Changes the height of the table and all rows proportionally.
d). Lower-right grip. Changes both the height and the width of the table and changes the columns and rows
proportionally.
e). Column grip (at the top of the column head row). Changes the width of the column to the left of the grip and
widens or narrows the table to accommodate the change.
f). CTRL+ a column grip. Widens or narrows adjacent columns without changing the width of the table.
The minimum column width is the width of a single character. The minimum row height for an empty table is the
height of a line of text plus the cell margins.
3. Press ESC to remove selection.
To add columns or rows to a table
1. Click inside a table cell where you want to add a column or a row.
2. You can select more than one cell to add more than one column or row.
3. Right-click and use one of the following options:
4. Insert Column > Right. Inserts a column to the right of the selected cell.
5. Insert Column > Left. Inserts a column to the left of the selected cell.
6. Insert Row > Above. Inserts a row above the selected cell.
7. Insert Row > Below. Inserts a row below the selected cell.
To use the Properties palette to modify a table
1. Click a gridline to select the table.
2. Click Tools menu> Properties.
3. In the Properties palette, click the value you want to change and enter or select a new value.
4. The property is changed in the selected table.
5. Move the cursor outside the Properties palette, and press ESC to remove selection.
To change column width or row height in a table
1. Click inside a table cell in the column or row you want to change.
2. Hold down SHIFT and click inside another cell to select those two cells and all the cells between them.
3. Click Tools menu > Properties.
4. In the Properties palette, under Cell, click the cell width or the cell height value and enter a new value.
To merge cells in a table
1. Select the cells in a table that you want to merge using one of the following methods:
2. Select a cell, and hold down SHIFT and click inside another cell to select those two cells and all the cells
between them.
3. Click inside a selected cell, drag to the cells you want to select, and release.The resulting merged cell must be
rectangular.
4. Right-click. Click Merge Cells. If you want to create more than one merged cell, use one of the following
options:
a) By Row: Merges the cells horizontally by removing the vertical gridlines and leaving the horizontal gridlines
intact.
b) By Column: Merges the cells vertically by removing the horizontal gridlines and leaving the vertical gridlines
intact.
5. Start typing to enter text in the new merged cell, or press ESC to remove selection.
To delete columns or rows in a table
1 .Click inside a table cell in the column or row that you want to delete.
3. Right-click and use one of the following options:
a) Delete Columns. Deletes the columns you specified.
b) Delete Rows. Deletes the rows you specified.
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To change column width or row height in a table
1. Click inside a table cell in the column or row you want to change.
3. Click Tools menu > Properties.
4. In the Properties palette, under Cell, click the cell width or the cell height value and enter a new value.
DONUT:-
Draws filled circles and rings
To create a donut
1. Click Draw menu Donut.
2. Specify the inside diameter
3. Specify the outside diameter
4. Specify the center of the donut
5. Specify the center point for another donut, or press ENTER to complete the command
HELIX:-
A helix is an open 2D or 3D spiral
To create a helix
1. Click Draw menu Helix.
2. Specify the center point for the base of the helix.
3. Specify the base radius.
4. Specify the top radius or press ENTER to specify the same value as the base radius.
5. Specify the height of the helix.
6. You can use grips or the Properties palette to modify the shape and size of a helix
MODIFY MENU
ERASE
Select the objects to erase, right-click in the drawing area, and choose Erase
This Command Removes objects from a drawing
To erase an object
1. From the Modify menu, choose Erase.
2. At the Select Objects prompt, use a selection method to select the objects to be
erased or enter an option:
3. Enter L (Last) to erase the last object drawn.
4. Enter p (Previous) to erase the last selection set.
5. Enter all to erase all objects from the drawing.
List of selection method
Window
Selects all objects completely inside a rectangle defined by two points. Specifying the corners from left to right
creates a window selection. (Specifying the corners from right to left creates a crossing selection.)
1. Specify first corner: Specify a point (1)
2. Specify opposite corner: Specify a point (2)
ALL
Selects all objects on thawed layers
1. In command line type ‘All’
Fence
Selects all objects crossing a selection fence. The Fence method does not close the fence, and a fence can cross
itself.
1. In command line type ‘Fence’ or ‘f’
2. First fence point: Specify a point
3. Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Specify a point or enter u to undo the last point
WPolygon
Selects objects completely inside a polygon defined by points
1. In command line type ‘Wp’
2. First polygon point: Specify a point
CPolygon
Selects objects within and crossing a polygon defined by specifying points.
1. In command line type ‘Cp’
2. First polygon point: Specify a point
Add
Switches to the Add method: selected objects can be added to the selection set by using any of the object
selection methods.
1. In command line type ‘Add’
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Remove
Switches to the Remove method: objects can be removed from the current selection set using any object selection
method.
1. An alternative to Remove mode is to hold down SHIFT while selecting single objects or use the Automatic
option.
To restore the last erased object
Command line:- OOPS
At the Command prompt, enter oops.
The last objects that were removed by ERASE, BLOCK, or WBLOCK are restored.
To remove plus-shaped marker ( blips)
Command line:- REDRAW
1. From the View menu, choose Redraw.
COPY
Select the objects to copy, right-click in the drawing area, and choose Copy Selection
This Command Duplicates objects
To copy an object
1. From the Modify menu, choose Copy.
2. Select the objects to copy.
3. Specify the base point.
4. Specify the second point of displacement
To copy an object multiple times
2. Select the objects to copy.
3. Enter m (Multiple).
5. Specify the second point of displacement.
6. Specify the next point of displacement. Continue inserting copies, or press ENTER to end the command
To Copy an object using a displacement
2. Select the object to copy.
3. Enter the displacement in the form of a Cartesian [@x,y,z] & polar [@dist.< angle] co-ordinate value
3. At the prompt for the second point of displacement, press ENTER.
MIRROR
This Command Creates a mirror image copy of objects
To mirror objects
1. From the Modify menu, choose Mirror.
2. Select the objects to mirror.
3. Specify the first point of the mirror line.
4. Specify the second point.
5. Press ENTER to retain the original objects, or enter y to delete them
Note:- To manage the reflection properties of text objects, use the MIRRTEXT system variable. When
value of MIRRTEXT is (o) , text is not mirrored. When value of MIRRTEXT is (1) , text is mirrored
To mirror objects in 3D
1. From the Modify menu, choose 3D Operation >Mirror 3D.
1. Select the object to mirror (1).
2. Specify three points to define a mirroring plane (2, 3, and 4).
3. Press ENTER to retain the original objects, or enter y to delete them
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OFFSET
OFFSET Creates concentric circles, parallel lines, and parallel curves. It also creates a new object at a specified
distance from an existing object or through a specified point.
You can offset, Lines, Arcs, Circles, Ellipses and elliptical arcs (resulting in an oval-shaped spline), 2D polylines,
Construction lines (xlines) and rays, Splines.
To offset an object by specifying a distance
1. From the Modify menu, choose Offset.
2. Specify the offset distance.
You can enter a value or use the pointing device.
3. Select the object to offset.
4. Specify a point on the side where you want to place the new objects.
5. Select another object to offset, or press ENTER to end the command.
To offset an object through a point
1. From the Modify menu, choose Offset.
2. Enter t (Through).
3. Select the object to offset.
4. Specify the through point.
5. Select another object to offset, or press ENTER to end the command.
ARRAY
Creates multiple copies of objects in a pattern
You can create copies of objects in a rectangular or polar (circular) pattern called an array. By default, the
number of array elements that can be generated by one command is limited to 100,000.
To create a rectangular array
1. From the Modify menu, choose Array.
2. In the Array dialog box, choose Rectangular Array.
3. Choose Select Objects.
4. The Array dialog box closes and AutoCAD prompts for object selection.
5. Select the objects to be arrayed and press ENTER.
6. In the Rows and Columns boxes, enter the number of rows and columns in the array.
7. Specify the horizontal and vertical spacing (offsets) between objects
8. Click the Pick Row Offset or Pick Column Offset button to use the pointing device to specify the horizontal
and vertical spacing.
9. The example box displays the result.
10. To change the rotation angle of the array, enter the new angle next to Angle of Array.
11. The default angle 0 direction setting can also be changed in UNITS.
12. Choose OK to create the array.
To create a polar array
1. From the Modify menu, choose Array.
2. In the Array dialog box, choose Polar Array.
3. Choose Select Objects
4. Select the objects to be arrayed.
5. Next to Center Point, Click the Pick Center Point button. The Array dialog box closes and AutoCAD prompts
for object selection. Use the pointing device to specify the center point of the polar array.
6. In the Method box, select one of the following methods:
a)Total Number of Items & Angle to Fill
b)Total Number of Items & Angle Between Items
c) Angle to Fill & Angle Between Items
7. Enter the number of items (including the original object), if available.
8. Click the Pick Angle to Fill button and the Pick Angle Between Items button and use the pointing device to
specify the angle to fill and the angle between items.
9. The example box displays the result.
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10. You can set any of the following option: To rotate the objects as they are arrayed,
11. Choose OK to create the array.
To create a 3D rectangular array of objects
1. From the Modify menu, choose 3D Operation >3D Array.
2. Select the object to array
3. Specify Rectangular.
4. Enter the number of rows.
5. Enter the number of columns.
6. Enter the number of levels.
7. Specify the distance between rows.
8. Specify the distance between columns.
9. Specify the distance between levels
10. Choose OK to create the array
To create a 3D polar array of objects
1. From the Modify menu, choose 3D Operation >3D Array.
2. Select the object to array
3. Specify Polar.
4. Enter the number of items to array.
5. Specify the angle that the arrayed objects are to fill.
6. Press ENTER to rotate the objects as they are arrayed, or enter n to retain their orientation.
7. Specify the start point and endpoint of the axis about which the objects are to be rotated
8. Choose OK to create the array
MOVE
Displaces objects a specified distance in a specified direction
You can move objects without changing their orientation or size
To move an object using two points
1. From the Modify menu, choose Move.
2. Select the objects to move.
3. Specify a base point for the move.
4. Specify a second point, the point of displacement.
5. The objects you selected are moved to a new location determined by the distance and
direction between the first and the second points.
To move an object using a displacement
1. From the Modify menu, choose Move.
2. Select the object to move.
3. Enter the displacement in the form of a Cartesian [@x,y,z] & polar[@dist.< angle]
co-ordinate value.
3. At the prompt for the second point of displacement, press ENTER.
ROTATE
Rotate objects about a base point
You can rotate objects around a specified point. To determine the angle of rotation, you enter an angle value or
specify a second point.
To rotate an object
1. From the Modify menu, choose Rotate.
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2. Select the object to rotate.
3. Specify the base point for the rotation.
4. Do one of the following:
a) Enter the angle of rotation.
b) Drag the object around its base point and specify a point location to which you want to rotate the object.
To rotate a 3D object about an axis
1. From the Modify menu, choose 3D Operation >Rotate 3D.
2. Select the object to rotate
3. Specify the start point and endpoint of the axis about which the objects are to be rotated
4. Specify the angle of rotation.
The positive axis direction is from the start point to the end point, and the rotation
follows the right-hand rule.
SCALE
Enlarges or reduces selected objects proportionally in the X, Y, and Z directions
A scale factor greater than 1 enlarges the object. A scale factor less than 1 shrinks the object.
To scale an object by a scale factor
1. From the Modify menu, choose Scale.
2. Select the object to scale.
4. Enter the scale factor or drag and click to specify a new scale.
To scale an object by reference
2. Select the object to scale.
2. Select the base point.
4. Enter r (Reference).
5. Select the first and second reference points, or enter a value for the reference length
6. specify new length. and press ENTER.
STRETCH
Moves or stretches objects
To stretch an object, you specify a base point and then a point of displacement. Because stretching moves the
endpoints that lie within the crossing selection window, you must select the object with a crossing selection.
To stretch an object
1. From the Modify menu, choose Stretch.
2. Select the object using a crossing window selection.
The crossing window must include at least one vertex or endpoint. Specify a crossing window either by entering
a c or by clicking, moving your pointing device from right to left, and clicking again.
3. Do one of the following:
a) Enter the displacement in the form of a relative Cartesian and polar co-ordinate.
Press ENTER at the prompt for the second point of displacement.
4. Specify the base point for the move, and then specify a second point, the point of
displacement.
Any objects with at least one vertex or endpoint included within the crossing window are stretched. Any objects
that are completely within the crossing window are moved without stretching.
TRIM
Trims objects at a cutting edge defined by other objects
You can trim objects so that they end precisely at boundary edges defined by other objects. Cutting edges can be
lines, arcs, circles, polylines, ellipses, splines, xlines, regions, blocks, and rays.
You can extend objects without leaving the TRIM command. Hold down SHIFT and select the objects to be
extended
To trim an object
1. From the Modify menu, choose Trim.
2. Select the objects to serve as cutting edges.
To select all objects in the drawing as potential cutting edges, press ENTER without
selecting any objects.
3. Select the objects to trim.
EXTEND
Modify menu: Extend
Extends an object to meet another object
Objects that you can extend include arcs, elliptical arcs, lines, open 2D and 3D polylines, and rays. You can
lengthen objects to meet the edges of other objects. This means you can create an object such as a line first and
then later adjust it to fit exactly between other objects.
To extend an object
1. From the Modify menu, choose Extend.
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2. Select the objects to serve as boundary edges.
To select all objects in the drawing as potential boundary edges, press ENTER without
selecting any objects.
3. Select the objects to extend
BREAK
Breaks the selected object between two points
To break an object
1. From the Modify menu, choose Break.
2. Select the object to break.
By default, the point at which you select the object is the first break point. To choose a
different pair of break points, enter f (First) and specify the first break point.
3. Specify the second break point
To break at a point of an object
1. From the Modify menu, choose Break at point.
2. Select the object to break.
3. Specify the first break point.
CHAMFER
Bevels the edges of objects
Using CHAMFER is a fast way of creating a line between two nonparallel lines.
To set chamfer distances
1. From the Modify menu, choose Chamfer.
2. Enter d (Distances).
3. Enter the first chamfer distance.
4. Enter the second chamfer distance.
5. Select the lines for chamfering
To chamfer by specifying chamfer length and angle
2. Enter a (Angle).
3. Enter the distance from the corner to be chamfered along the first line.
4. Enter the chamfer angle.
5. Select the first line. Then select the second line
To chamfer without trimming
2. Enter t (Trim Control).
3. Enter n (No Trim).
4. Select the objects to chamfer
To chamfer all edges of a face of 3D Solid
Command: chamfer
1. From the Modify menu, choose Chamfer
2. Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: Select Base surface
by selecting an edge of 3D solid.
3. Enter surface selection option [Next/OK (current)] <OK>:
4. Specify base surface chamfer distance <10.0000>: Enter distance 1
5. Specify other surface chamfer distance <10.0000>: Enter distance 2
6. Select an edge or [Loop]: Enter L (Loop)
7. Select an edge loop or [Edge]: Select an edge(Edges must belong to base face.)
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FILLET
Rounds and fillets the edges of objects. You can change objects to meet in rounded or flattened corners. FILLET
rounds the edges of two arcs, circles, elliptical arcs, lines, polylines, rays, splines, or xlines with an arc of a
specified radius. FILLET also rounds the edges of 3D solids.
To set the fillet radius
1. From the Modify menu, choose Fillet.
2. Enter r (Radius).
3. Enter the fillet radius
4. Select the objects to fillet.
To fillet two line segments
2. Select the first line.
3. Select the second line
To fillet without trimming
2. If necessary, enter t (Trim) and then enter n (No Trim).
3. Select the objects to fillet.
To fillet one edge of 3D Solid
Command: fillet
1. From the Modify menu, choose Fillet
2. Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: Select one edge edge of a 3D
solid.
3. Enter fillet radius: Enter radius
4. Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: Select an edge
To fillet all edge of 3D Solid
Command: fillet
1. From the Modify menu, choose Fillet
2. Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: Select one edge edge of a 3D
solid.
3. Enter fillet radius: Enter radius
4. Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: Enter c (Chain)
5. Select an edge chain or [Edge/Radius]: Select edge(s) for fillet .
EXPLODE
Breaks a compound object into its component objects. A compound object comprises more than one AutoCAD
object. For example, a block is a compound object.
To explode a block reference
1. From the Modify menu, choose Explode.
2. Select the block or compound object to explode and press ENTER.
LENGTHEN
Changes the length of objects and the included angle of arcs.
To lengthen object by specified length
1. From the Modify menu, choose Lengthen
2. Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: Select an object
3. Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: de (Delta)
4. Enter delta length or [Angle] <100.0000>: Enter length to be extended
To lengthen object by total length
1. From the Modify menu, choose Lengthen
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3. Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: t (Total)
4. Enter Total length or [Angle] <100.0000>: Enter total length Required
ALIGN
Modify menu> 3D Operation >Align
Aligns objects with other objects in 2D and 3D
To align two objects
1. From the Modify menu, choose 3D Operation > Align.
2. Select the objects you want to align.
3. Specify the first source point, and then the first destination point.
4. Specify the second source point, and then the second destination point.
5. Specify the third source point, or press ENTER to continue.
6. Specify whether you want to scale objects to the alignment points.
The objects are aligned (moved and rotated into position), and then scaled.
Alaign using one pair of points
1. From the Modify menu, choose 3D>Operation > Align
2. Select the objects you want to align: Select the objects
3. Specify first source point: Select first source point
4. Specify first destination point: Select first destination point
5. Specify second source point: 
Alaign using two pair of points
1. From the Modify menu, choose 3D> Operation > Align
5. Specify second source point: Select second source point
6. Specify second destination point: Select second destination point
7. Specify third source point or <continue>: 
8. Scale objects based on alignment points [Yes/No] <No>: Enter y  or n
(When you select two point pairs, you can move, rotate, and scale the selected objects in 2D
or 3D to align with other objects.)
Alaign using three pair of points
1. From the Modify menu, choose 3D Operation > Align
5. Specify second source point: Select second source point
6. Specify second destination point: Select second destination point
7. Specify third source point or <continue>: Select third destination point
8. Specify third destination point: Select third destination point
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HATCHEDIT
Modify menu: Object > Hatch
Select a hatch object to edit, right-click in the drawing area, and choose Hatch Edit.
Hatch Edit Modifies an existing hatch or gradient fill
To change the angle of a hatch
1. Select the hatch pattern.
2. Right-click the hatch and click Properties on the shortcut menu.
3. In the Properties palette, enter the new value for Angle.
To modify a hatch or gradient fill
1. Double-click the hatch or gradient fill you want to modify.
2. In the Hatch Edit dialog box, hatch or Gradient tab, make any changes.
3. To see how the hatch or gradient fill will look, click Preview. Press ENTER or right-click to
return to the dialog box and make adjustments.
4. When you are satisfied, in the Boundary Hatch and Fill dialog box, click OK to
Create the hatch or gradient fill.
MLEDIT
Modify menu: Object > Multiline
Edits multiple parallel lines
To edit a multiline style
1. From the Format menu, choose Multiline Style.
2. In the Multiline Styles dialog box, choose a new style name from the list. Choose a style with
more than two elements.
3. Choose Element Properties.
4. In the Element Properties dialog box under Elements, select the line element to delete, select Delete, and
choose OK.
5. In the Multiline Styles dialog box, choose Multiline Properties.
6. In the Multiline Properties dialog box under Caps, enter the new angle for the start and end cap lines.
7. Under Fill, choose Color and select a new color from the Select Color dialog box, and then
choose OK twice.
8. In the Multiline Styles dialog box, choose Save to save the changes to the style in the MLN
file.
9. Choose OK to save the modified symbol table entry and exit the dialog box.
PEDIT.
Modify menu: Object >Polyline
Select a polyline to edit, right-click in the drawing area, and choose Polyline Edit.
PEDIT Edits polylines and three-dimensional polygon meshes
To modify a polyline
1. On the Modify menu, click Object >Polyline.
2. Select the polyline to modify.
If the selected object is a line or an arc, AutoCAD prompts:
Object selected is not a polyline.
3. Do you want it to turn into one? <Y>: Enter y or n, or press ENTER
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If you enter y, the object is converted into a single-segment 2D polyline that you can edit. You can use this
operation to join lines and arcs into a polyline.
4. Edit the polyline by entering one or more of the following options:
a) Enter c (Close) to create a closed polyline.
b) Enter j (Join) to join contiguous lines, arcs, or polylines.
c) Enter w (Width) to specify a new uniform width for the entire polyline.
d) Enter e (Edit Vertex) to edit a vertex.
e) Enter f (Fit) to create a series of arcs joining each pair of vertices.
f) Enter s (Spline) to create an approximation of a spline.
g) Enter d (Decurve) to remove extra vertices inserted by a fit or spline curve and to
straighten all segments of the polyline.
h) Enter L (Ltype Gen) to generate the linetype in a continuous pattern through the
vertices of the polyline.
i) Enter u (Undo) to reverse actions back to the start of PEDIT.
j) Enter x (Exit) to end the command
MATCHPROP
Modify menu: Match Properties
Applies the properties of a selected object to other objects
To copy properties from one object to other objects
1. On the Standard Toolbar, click Match Properties.
2. Select the object whose properties you want to copy.
3. If you want to control which properties are transferred, enter s (Settings). In the Property Settings dialog box,
clear the items that you do not want copied (all are on by default). Choose OK.
4. Select the objects to which to apply the selected properties and press ENTER.
GROUP
Creates and manages saved sets of objects called groups
A group is a saved set of objects you can select and edit together or separately as needed. Groups provide an easy
way to combine drawing elements that you need to manipulate as a unit.
To create a group
1. At the Command prompt, enter group.
2. In the Object Grouping dialog box under Group Identification, enter a group name and a
description.
3. In the Create Group area, click New.
4. The dialog box closes temporarily.
5. Select objects and press ENTER.
6. Click OK
To delete a named group
1. At the Command prompt, enter group.
2. In the Object Grouping dialog box, select the group name from the list of groups.
3. Under Change Group, choose Explode.
4. Choose OK.
The group is deleted
EDITING WITH GRIPS
When click on a Line, Arc, Circle, Pline etc, then small blue square appears on both end and middle of a arc or
line, These are called GRIPS. When click on a GRIP ,Grip changes color with solid color (Red).Now it become
hot Grip. When grip changes as hot Grip, then command prompt asked –
** Stretch **
< Specify Stretch point > or [ Base Point / Copy / Undo / Exit]
After changing to hot grip, Right Click on mouse, a pop up list appears – Enter, Move, Mirror, Rotate, Scale,
Stretch, Base point, Copy, Reference, undo, Properties, Go to URL, Exit. Select any modify tool & Press  or
select Enter from the pop up list by clicking and edit the object.
Press Escape for clearing from Grips.
HELIX
Creates a 2D or 3D spiral
To draw a Helix
Draw menu: Helix
Command entry: helix
[Number of turns = 3 (default)
Twist = CCW (default) ]
1. Fromdraw menu choose Helex
2. Specify center point of base: Specify a point
3. Specify base radius or [diameter] <1.0000>: Specify a base radius, enter d tospecify the diameter, or press
ENTER to specify the default base radius value
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4. Specify top radius or [diameter] <1.0000>: Specify a top radius, enter d to specify the diameter, or press
ENTER to specify the default top radius value
5. Specify helix height or [Axis endpoint/Turns/turn Height/tWist]<1.0000>:Specify a helix height, or enter an
option ( Axis endpoint/Turns/turn Height/tWist)
JOIN
Joins objects to form a single, unbroken object
Modify toolbar:
Modify menu: Join
Command entry: join
To join objects
1. Click Modify menu » Join.
2.Select the source object to which you want to join objects.
Valid objects include arcs, elliptical arcs, lines, polylines, and splines.
3. Select one or more objects to join to the source object.
Valid objects include arcs, elliptical arcs, lines, polylines, and splines.
4. Press Enter
TOOLS MENU
DISTANCE
Tools menu: Inquiry > Distance
Measures the distance and angle between two points
1. From tools menue choose Inquiry > Distance
2. Specify first point: Specify a point
3. Specify second point: Specify a point
4. Result in command line : Distance = calculated distance, Angle in XY plane = angle, Angle from XY plane =
angle ,Delta X = change in X, Delta Y = change in Y, Delta Z = change in Z
AREA
Tools menu: Inquiry >Area
Calculates the area and perimeter of objects or of defined areas
To calculate an area you define
1. From the Tools menu, choose Inquiry > Area.
2. Specify points in a sequence that defines the perimeter of the area to be measured.
3. Then press ENTER.
AutoCAD connects the first and last points to form a closed area and displays the area and perimeter
measurements using the settings specified with UNITS.
To calculate the area of an object
2. On the command line, enter o (Object).
3. Select an object.
AutoCAD displays the area and perimeter of the selected object
To add areas as you calculate
2. Enter a (Add).
3. Use one of the following methods:
a) Specify points to define the area you want to add and press ENTER.
b) Enter o (Object) and select the objects you want to add.
AutoCAD displays the measurements of each new area and a running total of all areas.
4. Press ENTER twice to end the command.
To subtract areas from a calculation
1. While a combined area is displayed, enter s (Subtract).
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2. Use one of the following methods:
a) Specify points to define the area you want to subtract and press ENTER.
b) Enter o (Object) and select the objects you want to subtract.
AutoCAD updates the running total as you define new areas.
3. Press ENTER to end the command
LIST
Tools menu: Inquiry >List
Displays database information for selected objects
To list database information for several objects
1. From the Tools menu, choose Inquiry > List.
2. Select one or more objects and press ENTER.
The text window displays a report
ID
To list database information of a point
1. From the Tools menu, choose Inquiry > ID Point.
2. Select one point.
The text window displays the coordinate of a location.ID lists the X, Y, and Z values of the specified point .
PROPERTIES
Select the objects whose properties you want to view or modify, right-click in the drawing area, and choose
Properties. Alternatively, you can double-click most objects to display the Properties palette.
properties Controls properties of existing objects
To change properties of objects in the Properties palette
You can display and change the current properties for any object in your drawing in the following ways:-
1. Tools menu choose Properties
2. Open the Properties palette and view and change the settings for all properties of the object.
3. View and change the settings in the Layer control on the Layers toolbar and the Color,
Linetype, Lineweight, and Plot Style controls on the Properties toolbar.
4. Use LIST to view information in the text window.
5. Use the ID command to display a coordinate location.
QSELECT
End any active commands, right-click in the drawing area, and choose Quick Select
Creates a selection set based on filtering criteria.QSELECT creates a selection set that either includes or excludes
all objects matching the filtering criteria you specify. QSELECT can apply to the entire drawing or to an existing
selection set.
Selecting object based on filtering criteria
1. From tool menu choose Quick select
2. In dialog box choose selection properties, i.e. collor, layer, line, arc etc.
3. Click ok.
Desired object will be selected.
FORMAT MANU
UNITS
Controls coordinate and angle display formats and precision
To convert a drawing from inches to centimeters
2. At the Select Objects prompt, enter all.
All objects in the drawing are selected for scaling.
3. Enter a base point of *0,0.
Scaling will be relative to the world coordinate system origin and the location of the drawing origin will remain
at the WCS origin.
4. Enter a scale factor of 2.54 (there are 2.54 centimeters per inch).
All objects in the drawing are now 2.54 times larger, corresponding to the equivalent distance in centimeters
To convert a drawing from centimeters to inches
2. At the Select Objects prompt, enter all.
All objects in the drawing are selected for scaling.
3. Enter a base point of *0,0.
4. Scaling is performed relative to the world coordinate system origin, and the location of the
drawing origin will remain at the WCS origin.
5. Enter a scale factor of 0.3937 (there are 2.54 centimeters per inch).
All objects in the drawing are now smaller, corresponding to the equivalent distance in inches
DRAWING LIMITS
Sets and controls the limits of the drawing boundaries and grid display in the current Model or layout tab
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2.In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap & Grid tab, select Grid On to display the
grid.
3. Under Snap Type and Style, make sure Grid Snap & Rectangular Snap are selected.
5. To use the same value for vertical grid spacing, press ENTER. Otherwise, enter a new value for grid Y
Spacing.
6. Choose OK.
LAYER
LAYER Manages layers and layer properties
On/Off
Turns layers on and off. When a layer is on, it is visible and available for plotting. When a layer is off, it is
invisible and not plotted, even if Plot is on
Freeze/Thaw in All View ports
Freezes selected layers in all view ports. Freeze the layers if you want to be invisible for long periods. When you
thaw a frozen layer, AutoCAD regenerates and displays the objects on that layer.
Lock/Unlock
Locks and unlocks the layers. You cannot edit objects on a locked layer but visible in drg. Locking a layer is
useful if you want to view information on a layer for reference but do not want to edit objects on that layer.
Creates a new layer.
After you choose New in layer properties manager, the list displays a layer named LAYER1. You can edit this
layer immediately. To create multiple layers more quickly, you can select a layer name for editing and enter
multiple layer names separated by commas.
Change the Color of layer
Changes the color associated with the selected layers. Clicking the color name displays select color dialog box.
FILE MENU
RECOVER
File menu: Drawing Utilities >Recover
Computer hardware problems, power surges, user mistakes, or software problems can cause errors that prevent
you from editing or plotting the drawing. By saving your work frequently, you can ensure a minimum of lost data
if your system fails.
To repair a drawing after a fatal or internal error
If AutoCAD encounters a problem and cannot continue, it displays an error message and, for some errors, an
error code. Record the error code number, save the changes if possible, and exit to the operating system.
If the current drawing is unnamed, AutoCAD saves the drawing to the file unnamed.dwg.
1. Restart AutoCAD and open the drawing that terminated.
If AutoCAD detects that the drawing has been damaged, it displays a message asking if you want to proceed.
2. Enter y to proceed.
As AutoCAD attempts to repair the drawing, it displays a diagnostic report. If the repair is successful, the
drawing opens. If AutoCAD cannot recover the file, it displays a message.
To recover a drawing from a backup file
1. In Windows Explorer, locate the backup file identified by the .bak file extension.
2. Select the file you want to rename. You do not need to open it.
3. From the Windows Explorer File menu, choose Rename.
4. Type a new name using the .dwg file extension.
5. Open the file as you would open any other AutoCAD drawing file.
EXPORT
The Export Data dialog box is displayed
In Files of Type, select the format type to export objects to. In File Name, enter the name of the file to create.
AutoCAD exports the objects to the specified file format using the specified file name.
The following output types are available:
WMF—Windows® Metafile (see WMFOUT)
SAT—ACIS solid object file (see ACISOUT)
STL—Solid object stereo lithography file (see STLOUT)
DXX—Attribute extract DXF® file (see ATTEXT)
BMP—Device-independent bitmap file (see BMPOUT)
3DS—3D Studio® file (see 3DSOUT)
DWG—AutoCAD drawing file (see WBLOCK)
To create a bitmap file (BMP)
1. On the command line, enter bmpout.
2. In the Create Raster File dialog box, select a folder, enter a file name, and click Save.
3. AutoCAD appends the .bmp extension to the file name.
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4. Select the objects you want to save
To create a JPEG file (JPG)
1. On the command line, enter jpgout.
2. In the Create Raster File dialog box, select a folder, enter a file name, and click Save.
3. AutoCAD appends the .jpg extension to the file name.
4. Select the objects you want to save.
To create a 3DS file
1. From the File menu, choose Export.
2. In the Export Data dialog box, enter a file name.
3. Under Files of Type, select 3D Studio (*.3ds), then choose Save.
4. Select the objects you want to export, and then press ENTER.
5. In the Create 3D Studio Output File dialog box, enter a file name.
5. Choose Save.
AutoCAD automatically appends the file extension .3ds to the file name. This output format can be imported to
3D Max .
BLOCK & X-REFERENCE
BLOCK
Creates a block definition from objects you select
To define a block for the current drawing
1. Create the objects you want to use in the block definition.
2. From the Draw menu, choose Block > Make.
3. In the Block Definition dialog box, enter a block name in the Name box. Under Objects, select Convert to
Block.
4. If you want the original objects used to create the block definition to remain in your drawing, make sure the
Delete option is not selected. If this option is selected, the original objects are erased from the drawing. If
necessary, you can use OOPS to restore them.
5. Choose Select Objects.
6. Use your pointing device to select the objects to be included in the block definition.
7. Press ENTER to complete object selection.
8. In the Block Definition dialog box under Base Point, specify the block insertion point using one of these
methods:
9. Choose Pick Point to specify a point using the pointing device.
10. Choose OK.
The block is defined in the current drawing and can be inserted at any time.
INSERT.
Places a drawing or named block into the current drawing
To insert a block defined in the current drawing
1. From the Insert menu, choose Block.
2. In the Insert dialog box, in the Name box, select a name from a list of block definitions.
3. If you want to use the pointing device to specify the insertion point, scale, and rotation, selects Specify On-
Screen. Otherwise, enter values in the Insertion Point, Scale, and Rotation boxes.
4. If you want the objects in the block to be inserted as individual objects instead of as a single block, select
Explode.
5. Choose OK.
To insert blocks to mark equal segments on an object
2. Select a line, arc, circle, ellipse, polyline, or spline.
3. Enter b (Block).
5. Enter y to align the blocks with the divided object.
7. Enter the number of segments you want
To insert blocks at measured intervals on an object
3. Enter b (Block).
5. Enter y to align the blocks with the measured object.
AutoCAD inserts blocks on the object at the specified
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XREF
An external reference (xref) is a drawing that you attach to or overlay on your current drawing. An
External reference is a link between referenced and current drawings.
To attach an xref
1. From the Insert menu, choose External Reference.
2. In the Select Reference File dialog box, select the file you want to attach and choose
Open.
3. In the External Reference dialog box under Reference Type, select Attachment.
4. Specify the insertion point, scale, and rotation angle. Choose Specify On-Screen to use the
pointing device.
5. Attachment includes all nested xrefs.
6. Choose OK.
To update an attached xref
1. From the Insert menu, choose Xref Manager.
2. In the Xref Manager, select the reference name that you want to reload.
3. Select Reload and choose OK.
Note:- If the drawing you selected has been changed since you opened your drawing, the xref is reloaded
DIMENSION & ITS STYLE
Dimension is measurement of any object.
Types of Dimension :-
1. Linear [horizontal & vertical], 2. Aligned, 3.ordinate, 4. Radius, 5. Diameter, 6. Angular, 7. Base line,
8. Continue and 9. Leader.
PROCEDURE FOR DIMENSION STYLE SETTING
1. Click dimension in menu bar > Clik style in pop up menu
2. The Dimension Style Manager is displayed
3. Click on Modify Box
4. Click line & Arrow tab
5. Select Color, Line weight, Extension line color, Arrow head & arrow head size etc.
6. Click Text tab
7. Select Text appearance, text placement, text color,text alignment etc.
8. Select Fit tab and select the fitness of text
9. Select Primary unit tab and change the properties of line dimension etc
10. Click O.K.,click set current & click close.
To make a dimension
1. From the Dimension menu, choose any type of dimension from pop up menu
2. Selectfirst & second point
To replace existing dimension text with new text
1. On the Modify menu, click Object > Text > Edit.
2. Select the dimension text you want to edit.
3. In the Multiline Text Editor, enter the new dimension text and click OK.
To rotate dimension text
1. From the Dimension menu, choose Align Text. Then choose Angle.
2. Select the dimension to edit.
3. Enter the new angle for the text.
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To move text to the left side of the dimension line
1. From the Dimension menu, choose Align Text. Then choose Left.
2. Select the dimension.
3. The dimension text is left-justified along the dimension line inside the extension lines. You can choose the
Center or Right options to move the text to the center or right of the dimension line.
To make a dimension Oblique (used for isometric drawing)
1. Make a dimension as usual
2. From the Dimension menu, choose Oblique or Enter dimedit in command prompt
3.Enter type of dimension editing [Home/New/Rotate/Oblique] <Home>: Enter o ( oblique)
4.Select objects: Select the dimensions made usual
5.Enter obliquing angle (press ENTER for none): Enter oblique angle
TEXT & ITS STYLE
SINGLE LINE TEXT
To create single-line text
1. From the Draw menu, choose Text. Then choose Single Line Text.
2. Specify the insertion point for the first character.
If you press ENTER, AutoCAD locates the new text immediately below the last text object you created, if any.
3. Specify the height of the text.
This prompt is displayed only if text height is set to 0 in the current text style.
A rubber-band line is attached from the text insertion point to the cursor. Click to set the height of the text to the
distance specified by the length of the rubber-band line.
4. Specify a text rotation angle.
You can enter an angle value or use your pointing device.
5. Enter the text.
At the end of each line, press ENTER. Enter more text as needed.
If you specify another point during this command, the cursor moves to that point, and you can continue typing.
Every time you press ENTER or specify a point, a new text object is created.
6. Press ENTER on a blank line to end the command.
To edit single-line text
1. From the Modify menu, choose Object.
2. Choose Text. Then choose Edit.
3. Select the single-line text object you want to edit.
4. In the Edit Text dialog box, enter the new text. Then choose OK.
5. Select another text object to edit, or press ENTER to end the command.
To modify properties of single-line text objects
1. Select a single-line text object.
2. Right-click the selected object and click Properties on the shortcut menu.
3. In the Properties palette, enter any new text and change formatting and other properties as needed
MULTILINETEXT
MTEXT creates paragraphs that fit within a boundary that defines the width of the paragraph and its location in
the drawing. Each multiline text (mtext) object is a single object, regardless of the number of lines it contains.
To create multiline text
1. On the Draw menu, click Text > Multiline Text.
2. Specify opposite corners of a bounding box to define the width of the multiline text object.
3. The Multiline Text Editor is displayed.
To indent the first line of each paragraph, drag the first-line indent slider on the ruler. To indent the other lines of
each paragraph, drag the paragraph slider.
To set tabs, click the ruler where you want a tab stop.
If you want to use a text style other than the default, click the arrow next to the Text Style control on the toolbar
and then select a style.
4. In the Multiline Text Editor, enter text.
To override the current text style, select text as follows:
To select one or more letters, click and drag the pointing device over the characters.
To select a word, double-click the word.
To select a paragraph, triple-click the paragraph.
5 .On the toolbar, make format changes as follows:
a) To change the font of the selected text, select a font from the list.
b) To change the height of the selected text, enter a new value in the Height box.
c) To format text in a TrueType font with boldface or italics, or to create underlined text for any font, click the
corresponding button on the toolbar. SHX fonts do not support boldface or italics.
d) To apply color to selected text, choose a color from the Color list. Click Other to display the Select Color
dialog box.
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5. To save your changes and exit the Multiline Text Editor, use one of the following methods:
a) Click OK on the toolbar.
b) Click in the drawing outside the editor.
c) Press CTRL+ENTER.
To insert symbols or special characters in multiline text
1. In the Multiline Text Editor, right-click and click Symbol.
2. Click one of the options on the menu, or click Other to display the Character Map dialog box.
3. To insert Unicode characters for TrueType fonts, right-click and click Symbol > Other.
To access the Character Map dialog box, you must have charmap.exe installed on your system.
Procedure for Text Style setting
1. From Format menu choose Text > Style or enter st in command line
2. Text Style dialog box appears
3. Click on New button
4. Write Style name in New Text Style dialog box
5. Change the Font and see in the preview
6. Change Font Style & Height
7. Change the width factor & oblique angle
8. Click on Apply & Close
To create stacked text
1.On the Draw menu, click Text >Multiline Text.
2.Specify opposite corners of a bounding box to define the width of the multiline text object.
3.In the Multiline Text Editor, set text style and other multiline text properties as needed.
4.Enter the text you want to stack separated by one of the following characters:
Slash (/) stacks text vertically, separated by a horizontal line.
Pound sign (#) stacks text diagonally, separated by a diagonal line.
Carat (^) creates a tolerance stack, which is not separated by a line.
5.If you enter numbers separated by stack characters and then enter a nonnumeric character or press SPACEBAR,
the AutoStack Properties dialog box is displayed.
In the AutoStack Properties dialog box, you can choose to automatically stack numbers (not nonnumeric text)
and to remove leading blanks. You can also specify whether the slash character creates a diagonal fraction or
creates a vertical fraction. If you do not want to use AutoStack, click Cancel to exit the dialog box.
Select the text that you want to stack, and click the Stack button on the toolbar.
6.To save your changes and exit the Multiline Text Editor, use one of the following methods:
a)Click OK on the toolbar.
b)Click in the drawing outside the editor.
c)Press CTRL+ENTER.
To unstack text
1.Double-click the multiline text object you want to edit.
2.In the Multiline Text Editor, select the stacked text.
3.Click Stack on the Text Formatting toolbar.
c)Press CTRL+ENTER.
To change stack properties
1.Double-click the multiline text object you want to edit.
2.In the Multiline Text Editor, select the stacked text.
3.Right-click to display the shortcut menu, and click Properties.
4.In the Stack Properties dialog box, change settings as needed.
5.To set properties for automatic stacking, click Autostack.
c)Press CTRL+ENTER.
EXPRESS TOOL COMMANDS
TXTEXP
Explode a Text to individual polylines. The polylines can be joined and Regioned and can be Extruded to make
3D text
ToExplode a Text
Command: txtexp
1.Click Express menu > text > explode text
2. Select text to be exploded: Select text(s)
3. Press Enter
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(Text object(s) have been exploded to lines.
The line objects have been placed on layer 0.)
TCASE
Change the text case
Command: tcase
To change the text case
1.Click Express menu > text > Change text case
2. Select text to be changed : Select text(s)
3. Press Enter
4. change case dialog box appears
5. Select the case and press OK
TEXT2MTEXT
Convert single lineText to Multiline Text
Command: txt2mtxt
1.Click Express menu > text > convert text2mtext
2. Select text objects, or [Options]<Options>: Select text(s)
3. press Enter
Text objects removed, MText object added.
ARCALIGNEDTEXT
Creat an ArcAlignedText
Command: arctext
1. Draw an arc as usual
2. Click Express menu > text > ArcAlignedText
3. Select an Arc or an ArcAlignedText: Select the Arc
4. Arc aliened text workshop – modify dialog box opens
5. Write text and modify properties. Click OK.
To draw a 3D polyline
Draw menu: 3D Polyline
Command entry: 3dpoly
1. Fromdraw menu choose 3dpolyline
2. Specify start point of polyline: Specify a point
3. Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Specify a point or enter an option
4. Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Specify a point or enter an option
5. Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: Specify a point or enter an option
EXTRIM
To trim the objects out side/inside the cutting edge
Commands:-
1. Type extrim in command line
2. Select objects: Pick a POLYLINE, LINE, CIRCLE, ARC, ELLIPSE, IMAGE or TEXT for cutting edge...
3. Specify the side to trim on: Click outside/inside of cutting edge
BREAKLINE
To insert a Breakline symbol between objects
Command: Breakline
1. Click Express menu > Draw > breakline
2. Specify first point for breakline or [Block/Size/Extension]: Enter s (size)
3. Breakline symbol size <0.5>: Enter size of breakline symbol
4. Specify first point for breakline or [Block/Size/Extension]: Select first point
5. Specify second point for breakline: Select Second point
6. Specify location for break symbol <Midpoint>:
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ISOMETRRC DRAWING
Isometric drawings simulate a 3D object from a particular viewpoint by aligning along three major axes.
Isometric Planes
If the snap angle is 0, the axes of the isometric planes are 30 degrees, 90 degrees, and 150 degrees. Once you set
the snap style to Isometric, you can work on any of three planes, each with an associated pair of axes:
Left.- Aligns snap and grid along 90 and 150 degree axes.
Top.- Aligns snap and grid along 30 and 150 degree axes.
Right-. Aligns snap and grid along 30 and 90 degree axes.
Choosing one of the three isometric planes causes Ortho and the crosshairs to be aligned along the corresponding
isometric axes. For example, when Ortho is on, the points you specify align along the simulated plane you are
drawing on. Therefore, you can draw the top plane, switch to the left plane to draw another side, and switch to the
right plane to complete the drawing.
To turn on an isometric plane
2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, on the Snap and Grid tab under Snap Type & Style,
select Isometric Snap.
3. Choose OK.
To change to a different isometric plane quickly
Press F5 or CTRL+E to choose a different isometric plane
2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap & Grid tab, select Grid On to display the grid.
5. To use the same value for vertical grid spacing, press ENTER. Otherwise, enter a new value for grid Y
Spacing.
6. Choose OK.
To turn on Snap mode and set snap spacing
2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap & Grid tab, select Snap On.
4. In Snap Type & Style, select Grid Snap.
5. In the Grid X Spacing box, enter the horizontal snap spacing value in units.
Page 35 of 53

6. To specify the same vertical snap spacing, press ENTER. Otherwise, enter a new distance in the Grid Y
Spacing box.
7. Choose OK
ISOMETRIC CIRCLE
If you are drawing on isometric planes, use an ellipse to represent a circle viewed from an oblique angle. The
easiest way to draw an ellipse with the correct shape is to use the Isocircle option of ELLIPSE.
To draw an isometric circle
2. On the Snap and Grid tab, under Snap Type and Style, turn on the isometric snap and
3. Choose OK.
5. Enter i (Isocircle).
6. Specify the center of the circle.
7. Specify the radius or diameter of the circle.
PRINTING & SETUP
SETUP DRAWING
MVSETUP (MULTIVIEW SETUP)
Sets up the specifications of a drawing
MVSETUP ON THE MODEL TAB
When the TILEMODE system variable is on (the default), the following prompt is displayed:
1. Enable paper space? [No/Yes] <Y>: Enter n or press ENTER
(Pressing ENTER turns off TILEMODE and proceeds as described in the following section, MVSETUP on a
Layout Tab)
Entering n displays the following prompt:
2. Enter units type [Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric]: Enter an option
A list of available units and prompts for the scale factor and paper size are displayed.
3. Enter the scale factor: Enter a value
4. Enter the paper width: Enter a value
5. Enter the paper height: Enter a value
A bounding box is drawn and the command ends.
A SAMPLE OF SETUP A DRAWING FOR PRINTING FROM MODEL TAB
Command: mvsetup
Enter mvsetup in command line
PRINTING
To plot (printing) a drawing on the MODEL TAB
1. From the File menu, choose Plot.
2. In the Plot dialog box, Plot Device tab, under Plotter Configuration, select a plotter from the Name box.
3. (Optional) Under Plot Style Table (Pen Assignments), select a plot style table from the Name box.
Enable paper space? [No/Yes] <Y>: n
Enter units type
[Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric]
: m
Metric Scales
(5000) 1:5000
(2000) 1:2000
(1000) 1:1000
(500) 1:500
(200) 1:200
(100) 1:100
(75) 1:75
(50) 1:50
(20) 1:20
(10) 1:10
(5) 1:5
(1) FULL
Enter the scale factor: 100
Enter the paper width: 297
Enter the paper height: 210
Enable paper space? [No/Yes] <Y>: n
Enter units type
[Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/
Metric]: a
Architectural Scales
(480) 1/40"=1'
(240) 1/20"=1'
(192) 1/16"=1'
(96) 1/8"=1'
(48) 1/4"=1'
(24) 1/2"=1'
(16) 3/4"=1'
(12) 1"=1'
(4) 3"=1'
(2) 6"=1'
(1) FULL
Enter the scale factor: 96
Enter the paper width: 11.5

Page 36 of 53

4. (Optional) Under Plot Stamp, select On to turn on plot stamping. Select Settings to specify the plot stamp
settings. (Plot stamping happens at plot time and is not saved with the drawing.)
5. Choose the Plot Settings tab.
6. Under Paper Size and Paper Units, select a paper size from the Paper Size box.
7. Under Drawing Orientation, select an orientation.
8. Under Plot Area, specify the portion of your drawing that you want to plot.(such as Limit,
Display, Windows, Etc.)
9. Under Plot Scale, select a scale from the Scale box.
10. Under Plot Offset, select Centre the plot box.
11. Under Shaded View port, select an option from the Shaded View port pop up menu.
12. Choose OK.
When plotting a drawing, you must specify the area of the drawing to plot. The Plot Settings tab in the Plot dialog
box provides six options under Plot Area.
Layout or Limits. When plotting a layout, plots everything within the margins of the specified paper size, with
the origin calculated from 0,0 in the layout. When plotting the Model tab, plots the entire drawing area defined by
the drawing limits. If the current viewport does not display a plan view, this option has the same effect as the
Extents option.
Extents. Plots the portion of the current space of the drawing that contains objects. All geometry in the current
space is plotted. AutoCAD may regenerate the drawing to recalculate the extents before plotting.
Display. Plots the view in the current viewport in the Model tab or the current paper space view in a layout tab.
View. Plots a view saved previously with the VIEW command. You can select a named view from the list
provided. If there are no saved views in the drawing, this option is unavailable.
Window. Plots any portion of the drawing you specify. Click the Window button to use a pointing device to
specify opposite corners of the area to be plotted, or enter coordinate values.
Process to Plot on LAYOUT TAB through the following steps:
1. Create a drawing on the Model tab.
1. Configure a plotting device.
3. Create a layout tab.
4. Specify layout page settings such as plotting device, paper size, plot area, plot scale, and
drawing orientation.
5. Insert a title block into the layout (unless you started with a template drawing that already has a title block).
5. Create layout viewports and position them in the layout.
7. Set the view scale of the layout viewports.
8. Add dimensions or annotate or create geometry in the layout as needed.
9. Plot your layout
AUTOCAD 3D
CREATE A SOLIDBOX
You can use BOX command to create a solid box. The base of the box is always parallel to the XY plane of the
current UCS.
Box ( with length & width)
1 .From Draw menu choose Solid > Box
2. Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>: Choose a point
3. Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: l (Length)
4. Specify length: Enter Length
5 .Specify width: Enter Width 
6. Specify height: Enter Height 
Box (Cube)
1 .From Draw menu choose Solid > Box
2. Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>: Choose a point
3. Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: c (Cube)
4. Specify length: Enter Length
CREATE A SOLID SPHERE
You can use SPHERE command to create a solid Sphere.
1. From Draw menu choose Solid > spare
2. Specify center of sphere <0,0,0>: Choose a point
3. Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: Enter radius or enter d (Diameter)
4. Specify dimeter of sphere : Enter diameter
CREATE A SOLID CYLINDER
You can use CYLINDER to create a solid cylinder with a circular or an elliptical base. The base of the cylinder
lies on the XY plane of the current UCS.
1 .From Draw menu choose Solid > cylinder
2. Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: Choose a point
Page 37 of 53
SOLID MODELLING

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