This document discusses augmented reality (AR) and its applications in manufacturing. It begins with an introduction to AR, describing it as a method of altering the real world by adding digital elements. It then covers the main types of AR: marker-based, markerless, projection-based, and superimposition-based. Applications of AR in manufacturing include using it to aid assembly, maintenance, training, quality assurance, and design. Boeing, Mitsubishi Electric, Lockheed Martin, Porsche, and Ford are highlighted as companies employing AR in their manufacturing processes. The document concludes that AR can help make manufacturing more efficient and reduce costs.

1. AUGMENTED REALITY
Prof: Dr. J. Ramkumar
By: Apurva Hyanki
Roll no: 14125
ME761A: COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING

2. Layout of the presentation
1. Introduction to Augmented Reality
2. Types of Augmented Reality
3. Augmented vs Virtual Reality
4. AR applications (general)
5. Applications of AR in Manufacturing
6. Conclusion
7. References

3. Introduction to Augmented Reality (AR)
Augmented Reality is a method by which we can alter our real world by
adding some digital elements to it. This is mostly achieved by
superimposing a digital image on the person’s current view thus it
enhances the experience of reality.
AR turns the environment around you into a digital interface by placing
virtual objects in the real world, in real-time. Augmented Reality can be
seen through a wide variety of experiences.

4. Types of Augmented Reality
1. Marker Based Augmented Reality
Marker-based augmented reality (also called
Image Recognition) uses a camera and some type
of visual marker, such as a QR code, to produce a
result only when the marker is sensed by a reader.
Marker based applications use a camera on the
device to distinguish a marker from any other real
world object. The position and orientation is then
calculated, in which some type of content and/or
information is then overlaid on the marker.

5. Types of Augmented Reality
2. Markerless Augmented Reality
Markerless (also called location-based, position-
based, or GPS) augmented reality, uses a GPS,
digital compass, velocity meter, or accelerometer
which is embedded in the device to provide data
based on the user’s location. A strong force
behind markerless augmented reality technology
is the wide availability of smartphones and
location detection features they provide. It is
most commonly used for mapping directions,
finding nearby businesses, and other location-
centric mobile applications.

6. Types of Augmented Reality
3. Projection Based Augmented Reality
Projection based augmented reality works by
projecting artificial light onto real world surfaces.
Projection based augmented reality
applications allow for human interaction by
sending light onto a real world surface and then
sensing the human interaction (i.e. touch) of that
projected light.

7. Types of Augmented Reality
4. Superimposition Based Augmented Reality
Superimposition based augmented reality either
partially or fully replaces the original view of an
object with a newly augmented view of that
same object. A strong consumer-facing example
of superimposition based augmented reality
could be found in the Ikea augmented reality
furniture catalogue. By downloading an app and
scanning selected pages in their printed or digital
catalogue, users can place virtual Ikea furniture
in their own home with the help of augmented
reality.

8. Augmented vs Virtual Reality
• Virtual Reality makes a virtual environment and puts the user in it
whereas Augmented Reality just adds the virtual components into the
user’s real-world view.
• VR sends a person into a virtual place created by computer whereas
augmented reality brings the digital world into our real world.
• VR is usually a totally immersive environment while in AR, the user is
still aware that they are present in the “real world.”

9. Augmented vs Virtual Reality
Google Glass Oculus Rift

10. Augmented vs Virtual Reality
Paul Milgram's Reality-Virtuality Continuum

11. AR applications
Pokémon Go

12. AR applications
Snapchat

13. AR applications
HUD

14. AR applications
Dulux Visualizer

15. AR applications
IKEA Place

16. AR applications
Sephora’s Virtual Artist

17. AR applications
Accuvein

18. AR applications
Star Walk 2

19. AR applications
Augment

20. Applications of AR in Manufacturing
1. Assembly (Boeing)
Using augmented reality in manufacturing industry can help companies
solve the most complex challenges. Boeing has brought Google Glass to
the wire assembly process of their 787-8 Freighter.
With AR headsets, the company’s employees now have all the
information right before their eyes, making Boeing’s wire assembly
process faster and more comfortable. They can also issue voice
commands conveniently and ask a colleague to join the headset’s video
stream to assist with complex tasks.

21. Applications of AR in Manufacturing

22. Applications of AR in Manufacturing
2. Maintenance (Mitsubishi Electric)
Augmented reality applications in manufacturing can greatly help in the
maintenancing processes.
Mitsubishi Electric has been working on an AR technology to support
the servicing of their manufacturing equipment. The employees will
view a 3D model that allows them to confirm the order of an inspection
on an AR display (reportedly, a headset) and enter inspection results
with voice commands.

23. Applications of AR in Manufacturing

24. Applications of AR in Manufacturing
3. Training (Lockheed Martin)
From engine parts to cables and bolts, the company’s engineers use
Microsoft HoLolens headsets to view the holographic renderings of an
aircraft’s parts, as well as the instructions on how to assemble them —
right before their eyes.
Digitalising the workflow with augmented reality in manufacturing has
helped Lockheed Martin increase engineering efficiency to astounding
96 percent.

25. Applications of AR in Manufacturing

26. Applications of AR in Manufacturing
4. Quality Assurance (Porsche)
Porsche employs AR for quality assurance. The employees use tablets
to compare how an already assembled car matches the initial design
before it is sent to the customer. Such augmented reality
manufacturing solution saves costs and time, improves accuracy, and
allows companies to meet high quality standards.

27. Applications of AR in Manufacturing

28. Applications of AR in Manufacturing
5. Design (Ford Motor Company)
Ford uses Microsoft HoloLens AR headset to overhaul their design
process. With the device, Ford’s design teams can see potential designs
of a car (or its part) overlayed over a physical prototype in real scale.
This has brought a long list of benefits to Ford. Augmented reality for
manufacturing allowed the company’s designers to be more creative,
improve decision making, collaborate better, as well as work quicker.

29. Applications of AR in Manufacturing

30. Conclusions
These aforementioned cases of uses of augmented reality in
manufacturing proves that the AR technology is already creating waves
of strides on the industrial manufacturing front.
AR can provide efficient operations by cutting down production
downtime, quickly identifying the problems and keeping all the services
and processes going. AR can help us work faster, access data more
easily, cut down maintenance time, reduce production downtime,
prevent errors, and train.
As additional ideas get developed, we can expect augmented reality to
not only provide solutions to more problems in manufacturing but also
to touch many more other aspects of our lives.

31. References
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/basics-augmented-
reality/?fbclid=IwAR368lS0W6w68C_skLZ3VNHYRtPsFEiMhR5UH1_GI7n_urpZI6DY9ob7eMA
• https://www.augment.com/how-augmented-reality-works/
• https://www.realitytechnologies.com/augmented-
reality/?fbclid=IwAR3InlMaS_z_xCXM_mZ0ixAaz_c7XgVFhsCXHZMCZIdfccEH79Co4a9JQPU
• http://etclab.mie.utoronto.ca/publication/1994/Milgram_Takemura_SPIE1994.pdf
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/07/30/9-powerful-real-world-applications-of-augmented-
reality-ar-today/?fbclid=IwAR2UNtx1zSSCobfVwyZTI-vrr0xiE195ZuWMSLHf2mUNXC9IR1n4iOnq9Tc#48fe72b02fe9
• https://www.intellectsoft.net/blog/how-brands-use-augmented-reality-in-manufacturing/
• https://www.engineering.com/AdvancedManufacturing/ArticleID/14904/What-Can-Augmented-Reality-Do-for-
Manufacturing.aspx
• http://emea.mitsubishielectric.com/en/news-events/releases/2016/1107-a/index.page
• https://www.engineering.com/AdvancedManufacturing/ArticleID/10069/Boeings-AR-Tablet-Tool-for-Assembly-
Lines.aspx
• https://www.realitytechnologies.com/nasa-relying-on-augmented-reality-for-orion-spacecraft-assembly/
• https://www.wired.com/2016/10/painstaking-process-building-porsche-panamera/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NC3RNTZugJY
• https://cerasis.com/2017/01/30/augmented-reality-in-manufacturing/
• Google Images

32. Thank You