Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that superimposes computer-generated information over a user's view of the real world. AR combines real and virtual worlds to produce an enhanced version of reality. Key components of AR include scene generators to render virtual objects, tracking systems to align real and virtual views, and various display technologies like optical see-through HMDs. AR has applications in many fields including medical visualization, manufacturing, education, and gaming. While AR displays and tracking accuracy continue improving, challenges remain in areas like photorealistic rendering, reducing latency, and developing lighter and less obtrusive wearable devices.

1. Augmented Reality
Presented by Supervised by
Rumana Afrose Mr. Avijit Hira
ID-1408016 Assistant Professor,
Dept of ETE,CUETChittagong University of Engineering & Technology

2. Contents
• Augmented Reality
• AR vs VR
• Virtual Reality
• AR Components
• AR Devices
• AR in application
• Failures in AR
• Future of AR
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3. Reality
Reality is defined to be something
• constitutes a real or actual thing as distinguished
• from something that is merely apparent
• exists independently of ideas conceiving it
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4. What is Augmented Reality?
• Augmented reality (AR) is a field of computer
research which deals with the combination of real-
world and computer-generated data.
• Augmented reality, in which virtual content is
seamlessly integrated with displays of real-world
scenes, is a growing area of interactive design
• The overlay of computer graphics on the real world
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5. Defining AR
• Ronald Azuma defines an augmented reality system
as one that:
– Combines real and virtual world aspects
– Is interactive in real-time
– Is registered in three dimension
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Figure: virtual world
interactive with real
world

6. How it starts
• Augmented reality technology has its roots in the
field of computer science interface research
• iLamps(2005) ~ An enhanced projector that can
determine and respond to the geometry of the
display surface to create a self-configuring display
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Figure: enhaanced
projector

7. AR & VR
the user must still be
aware that he or she
is present in the “real
world.”
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Figure: AR & VR

8. AR vs VR
Augmented Reality
• System augments the
real world scene
• User maintains a sense
of presence in real
world
• Needs a mechanism to
combine virtual and real
worlds
• Hard to register real and
virtual
Virtual Reality
•Totally immersive
environment
•Senses are under control of
system
•Need a mechanism to feed
virtual world to user
•Hard to make VR world
interesting
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9. Virtual Reality
computer generated 3D environments that allow the
• user to enter and interact with synthetic
environments
• users are able to “immerse” themselves to varying
degrees in the computers artificial world
• a simulation of some form of reality (physically walk
around objects and touch those objects as if they)
were real
• or the simulation of a complex phenomenon [stimuli
(as sights and sounds) provided by a computer ]
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10. How does AR Work?
• The basic idea of augmented reality is to
superimpose graphics, audio and other sense
enhancements over a real-world environment in real-
time.
• The graphics will then change to accommodate the
user’s eye or head movements
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Figure: Simulated augmented reality
medical image

11. What is needed?
• Scene Generator
• Tracking System
• Display
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12. Scene Generator and Tracking
scene generator
• the device or software
• responsible for rendering the scene
• Create completely computer-generated scenes.
The tracking system
• is one of the most important problems on AR systems mostly
because of the registration problem .
• The objects in the real and virtual worlds must be properly
aligned with respect to each other, or
• the illusion that the two worlds coexist will be compromised.
For the industry, many applications demand accurate
registration, specially on medical systems
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13. Display
• Most of the Displays devices for AR are HMD (Head
Mounted Display)
• combining the real and virtual world
• optical and video technology-tradeoffs depending on
factors like resolution , flexibility, field-of-view,
registration strategies , among other
• continues to be a limiting factor in the development of
AR systems
• Lack of sufficient brightness, resolution, field of view, and
contrast to seamlessly blend a wide range of real and
virtual imagery
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14. AR Devices
Four major classes of AR can be distinguished by their
display type:
• Optical See-Through,
• Virtual Retinal Systems,
• Video See-Through,
• Monitor Based AR and Projector Based AR.
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15. Optical See-Through
• transparent Head Mounted Display ,show virtual
environment directly over the real world
• place optical combiners in front of the user’s eyes.
• combiners are partially transmissive
look directly the real world.
• partially reflective, user sees virtual
images bounced off the combiners from
head-mounted monitors
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Figure: optice see
through HMD

16. Optical See-Through
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Recent Optical See-Through HMD’s are being
built for well-known companies like Sony
and Olympus and have support for occlusion,
varying accommodation (process of focusing
the eyes on objects at a particular distance).
Figure 4: Eyeglass
display with
holographic
element

17. Virtual Retinal Systems
aim was to produce
• a full color, wide field-of-view, high resolution, high
brightness, low cost virtual display.
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Figure: Retinal display

18. Vertical -Retinal Display
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• The VRD projects a modulated beam of light (from an
electronic source) directly onto the retina of the eye
producing a rasterized image
• The viewer has the illusion of seeing the source
image as if he/she stands two feet away in front of a
14-inch monitor
Figure: Retinal display

19. Video See-Through HMD
• Video See-Through AR uses an opaque HMD to
display merged video of the VE and view from
cameras on the HMD
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Figure: video see through head mounted
display

20. Monitor Based AR
• Monitor Based AR also uses merged video streams
but the display is a more conventional desktop
monitor or a hand held display
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Figure: Monitor based AR

21. Projector Based AR
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Figure: projector based AR

22. Something New
Contact Lenses
• Contain the elements for display
embedded into the lens including
• integrated circuitry, LEDs and an
antenna for wireless communication.
• Under development
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Figure: AR in lens

23. pinching gesture
• used to grab a virtual object, and provides
• reliable ,low-cost method of recognizing
natural gestures
• Digital cameras ,optical sensors,
accelerometers, GPS, gyroscopes,
solid state compasses, RFID and wireless
sensors are used as tracking devices for positioning
and orientating of the user's head
• varying levels of accuracy and precision
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Figure: pinch glove

24. AR in Medical Science
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Figure: AR in health care

25. Future of AR in Medical Science
• Most of the medical applications deal with image
guided Pre-operative imaging studies of the patient,
such as CT (Computed Tomography) or MRI
– Superimpose an image from an MRI onto a
patient’s body.
– This might allow surgeons to
pinpoint a tumor
to remove
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Figure: AR in med

26. AR in Everywhere
• Military e.g. used in military to provide locations of
enemy positions
• Education e.g. to explore the aspects of an ancient
civilization as part of a history lesson
• Marketing and Commercial e.g. can be used to
promote a new product
• Industry e.g. helping with prototyping (engineering)
• Safety e.g. used as part of a road safety campaign
• Art and Architecture e.g. as part of a mixed media
artwork
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27. AR in Broadcasting & Advertisement
• Yellow first down line used on TV broadcasts of football
games:
– Real world elements: football field and players
– Virtual element: the yellow line drawn over the image by
computers in real-time
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Figure: AR in showing Yellow line

28. AR in Google map
The AR functionality uses the camera on your smart
phone to tell you which direction to walk
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Figure: augmenting Google map

29. AR in Engineering
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Figure: AR in Engineering


30. AR in Gaming
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Figure: AR in Pokémon GO
Temple Treasure Hunt
Zombie GO Clandestine: Anomaly

31. Failures in Registration
Failures in registration due to:
– Noise
• Position and pose of camera with respect to the real
scene
– Image distortions
– Time delays
• In calculating the camera position
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32. Future Work
• photorealistic presentation of complex 3D models ,
because of hardware limitations and complexity of
calculations performed so that it could work
• HMDs are still too clumsy and have limited field of
vision, contrast and resolution HMDs
• and other wearable equipments, such as data-gloves
and data suits, is a limitation for the user
• All wearable equipments need be developed to be
lighter, smaller and easier to work
• other challenges such as response time delays,
hardware or software failures from AR systems
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33. Topics
• Image Noise removal using Fuzzy Logic based Filter.
• Reducing Self-Interference in full duplex for 5G.
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34. END
THANK YOU
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35. ANY QUESTION?
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